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Dittoe DK, Feye KM, Ovall C, Thompson HA, Ricke SC. Exploiting the microbiota of organic and inorganic acid-treated raw poultry products to improve shelf-life. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348159. [PMID: 38476936 PMCID: PMC10927844 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeted amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA delineates the complex microbial interactions that occur during food spoilage, providing a tool to intensively screen microbiota response to antimicrobial processing aids and interventions. The current research determines the microbiota and spoilage indicator (total aerobes and lactic acid bacteria; LAB) response to inorganic and organic antimicrobial intervention use on the shelf-life of fresh, never-frozen, skin-on, bone-in chicken wings. Methods Wings (n=200) were sourced from local processor and either not treated (NT) or treated with 15-s dips of tap water (TW), organic (peracetic acid; PAA), inorganic acids (sodium bisulfate; SBS), and their combination (SBS + PAA). Wings were stored (4°C) and rinsed in neutralizing Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) for 1 min on d 0, 7, 14, and 21 post-treatment. Spoilage indicators, aerobic mesophiles and LAB, were quantified from rinsates. Genomic DNA of d 14 and 21 rinsates were extracted, and V4 of 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Sequences were analyzed using QIIME2.2019.7. APC and LAB counts were reported as Log10 CFU/g of chicken and analyzed in R Studio as a General Linear Model using ANOVA. Pairwise differences were determined using Tukey's HSD (P£0.05). Results Spoilage was indicated for all products by day 21 according to APC counts (>7 Log10 CFU/g); however, wings treated with SBS and SBS + PAA demonstrated a 7-day extended shelf-life compared to those treated with NT, TW, or PAA. The interaction of treatment and time impacted the microbial diversity and composition (p < 0.05), with those treated with SBS having a lower richness and evenness compared to those treated with the controls (NT and TW; p < 0.05, Q < 0.05). On d 14, those treated with SBS and SBS + PAA had lower relative abundance of typical spoilage population while having a greater relative abundance of Bacillus spp. (~70 and 50% of population; ANCOM p < 0.05). By d 21, the Bacillus spp. populations decreased below 10% of the population among those treated with SBS and SBS + PAA. Discussion Therefore, there are differential effects on the microbial community depending on the chemical intervention used with organic and inorganic acids, impacting the microbial ecology differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K. Dittoe
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Kristina M. Feye
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Hayley A. Thompson
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Dittoe DK, Olson EG, Wythe LA, Lawless ZG, Thompson DR, Perry LM, Ricke SC. Mitigating the attachment of Salmonella Infantis on isolated poultry skin with cetylpyridinium chloride. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293549. [PMID: 38127975 PMCID: PMC10735015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide the poultry industry with effective mitigation strategies, the effects of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on the reduction of Salmonella Infantis, hilA expression, and chicken skin microbiota were evaluated. Chicken breast skins (4×4 cm; N = 100, n = 10, k = 5) were inoculated with Salmonella (Typhimurium or Infantis) at 4°C (30min) to obtain 108 CFU/g attachment. Skins were shaken (30s), with remaining bacteria being considered firmly attached. Treatments were applied as 30s dips in 50 mL: no inocula-no-treatment control (NINTC), no treatment control (NTC), tap water (TW), TW+600 ppm PAA (PAA), or TW+0.5% CPC (CPC). Excess fluid was shaken off (30s). Samples were homogenized in nBPW (1 min). Samples were discarded. Salmonella was enumerated and Log10 transformed. Reverse transcriptase-qPCR (rt-qPCR) was performed targeting hilA gene and normalized using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in RStudio with means separated by Tukey's HSD (P≤0.05). Genomic DNA of rinsates was extracted, 16S rRNA gene (V4) was sequenced (MiSeq), and data analyzed in QIIME2 (P≤0.05 and Q≤0.05). CPC and PAA affected Salmonella levels differently with CPC being effective against S. Infantis compared to TW (P<0.05). Treatment with CPC on S. Infantis-infected skin altered the hilA expression compared to TW (P<0.05). When inoculated with S. Typhimurium, there was no difference between the microbiota diversity of skins treated with PAA and CPC; however, when inoculated with S. Infantis, there was a difference in the Shannon's Entropy and Jaccard Dissimilarity between the two treatments (P<0.05). Using ANCOM at the genus level, Brochothrix was significant (W = 118) among skin inoculated with S. Typhimurium. Among S. Infantis inoculated, Yersiniaceae, Enterobacterales, Lachnospiraceae CHKCI001, Clostridia vadinBB60 group, Leuconostoc, Campylobacter, and bacteria were significant (408). CPC and PAA-treated skins had lowest relative abundance of the genera. In conclusion, CPC mitigated Salmonella Infantis, altered hilA expression, and influenced the chicken skin microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K. Dittoe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Elena G. Olson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lindsey A. Wythe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zachary G. Lawless
- Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Dale R. Thompson
- Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Lindsey M. Perry
- Safe Foods Corporation, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Ricke SC, Olson EG, Ovall C, Knueven C. Impact of Acidulants on Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Water Microcosms Containing Organic Matter. Pathogens 2023; 12:1236. [PMID: 37887752 PMCID: PMC10609959 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As demands for fresh water become more competitive between the processing plant and other consumers of water such as municipalities, interest has grown in recycling or reusing water for food processing. However, recycling the processing water from a poultry plant, for example, represents challenges due to increased organic loads and the presence of bacterial contaminants including foodborne pathogens. The objective in the current study was to evaluate the inactivation of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 using combinations (0.5% and 1%) of sodium bisulfate (SBS) and 1% lactic acid (LA) in water and water with organic matter in the form of horse blood serum (0.3%) with exposure times of 1 min and 5 min. Pathogen reductions after a 5 min exposure time were greater than corresponding reductions after a 1 min exposure time for all acid solutions. The Salmonella counts were significantly reduced (i.e., ≥1 log-unit) in all acid solutions after a 5 min exposure time with the combination of LA + SBS acid solutions being more effective than the corresponding 2% LA solutions. None of the acid solutions were effective in reducing the E. coli O157:H7 after a 1 min exposure time. The 1% LA + 1% SBS solution was the most effective acid solution against both pathogens and was the only acid solution effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 by at least one log unit after 5 min of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1933 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Elena G. Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1933 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Christina Ovall
- Jones-Hamilton Company, 30354 Tracy Road, Walbridge, OH 43465, USA; (C.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Carl Knueven
- Jones-Hamilton Company, 30354 Tracy Road, Walbridge, OH 43465, USA; (C.O.); (C.K.)
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Nath TC, Bhuiyan JU, Park H, Lee D, Eom KS. The first human case of rhabditiasis in Bangladesh. IDCases 2023; 34:e01907. [PMID: 37867567 PMCID: PMC10585282 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabditiasis, caused by Rhabditis nematode, has long been recognized as a veterinary concern, however, human infection is exceedingly rare. For the first time in Bangladesh, this study confirmed human rhabditiasis infecting a 12-year-old child. The identification was made based on morphometric features and confirmed by amplifying the mitochondrial cox1 gene. During microscopical examination of stool samples, heavy infection with several developmental stages (larvae, adult males, and females) of nematodes was observed. Following morphometric analysis, the nematode was identified as Rhabditis sp. The features used in confirming the species were elongated tail, bulbous enlargement of mid-esophagus, and presence of adult males passed in the stool. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates of Rhabditis sp. belonged to distinct clades alongside S. stercoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Chandra Nath
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
- International Parasite Resource Bank, South Korea
| | | | - Hansol Park
- International Parasite Resource Bank, South Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- International Parasite Resource Bank, South Korea
| | - Keeseon S. Eom
- International Parasite Resource Bank, South Korea
- Department of Parasitology and Parasite Research Center, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, South Korea
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Stewart J, Pavic A. Advances in enteropathogen control throughout the meat chicken production chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2346-2407. [PMID: 37038302 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogens, namely Salmonella and Campylobacter, are a concern in global public health and have been attributed in numerous risk assessments to a poultry source. During the last decade, a large body of research addressing this problem has been published. The literature reviewed contains review articles on certain aspects of poultry production chain; however, in the past decade there has not been a review on the entire chain-farm to fork-of poultry production. For this review, a pool of 514 articles were selected for relevance via a systematic screening process (from >7500 original search articles). These studies identified a diversity of management and intervention strategies for the elimination or reduction of enteropathogens in poultry production. Many studies were laboratory or limited field trials with implementation in true commercial operations being problematic. Entities considering using commercial antienteropathogen products and interventions are advised to perform an internal validation and fit-for-purpose trial as Salmonella and Campylobacter serovars and biovars may have regional diversity. Future research should focus on nonchemical application within the processing plant and how a combination of synergisticinterventions through the production chain may contribute to reducing the overall carcass burden of enteropathogens, coupled with increased consumer education on safe handling and cooking of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Stewart
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Pavic
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
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Jin TZ, Fan X, Mukhopadhyay S. Antimicrobial coating with organic acids and essential oil for the enhancement of safety and shelf life of grape tomatoes. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 378:109827. [PMID: 35816957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of two coatings against populations of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and native microorganisms on whole grape tomatoes. Tomatoes were surface-coated in two chitosan-acid coating solutions. Solution 1 (Chitosan) consisted of 1 % chitosan and 2 % acetic, lactic and levulinic acids. Solution 2 (Chitosan+AIT) consisted of Solution 1 plus 2 % allyl isothiocyanate (AIT). After the treatments, tomatoes were placed in PET containers and stored at 10 °C for 21 days. Chitosan and Chitosan+AIT treatments reduced Salmonella populations from 3.65 to 1.28 and <0.70 log CFU/tomato on day 1, respectively. Both treatments reduced Salmonella populations to undetectable levels (<0.70 log CFU/tomato) from Day 2 through Day 21. Similarly, Chitosan+AIT treatments caused a greater reduction in Listeria populations than Chitosan treatment on day 1, but there were no significant differences between the two treatments after day 2. Chitosan and Chitosan+AIT reduced native bacteria populations to an undetectable level after 2 days and reduced the population of native yeasts & molds to an undetectable level after 1 day. The presence of mold was only observed on control sample after 21 days. Quality analyses showed that samples which were subject to coating treatment maintained their texture and color for 21 days at 10 °C with less water loss compared to the controls. This study suggests that chitosan-acid coating is applicable for extending the shelf-life and enhancing the safety of grape tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Z Jin
- Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, United States.
| | - Xuetong Fan
- Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, United States
| | - Sudarsan Mukhopadhyay
- Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, United States
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7
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Sodium benzoate and sodium bisulfate as preservatives in apple juice and alternative sanitizers for washing cherry tomatoes. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 372:109697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Bodie AR, Dittoe DK, Feye KM, Knueven CJ, Ovall C, Ricke SC. Comparison of ready-to-eat “organic” antimicrobials, sodium bisulfate, and sodium lactate, on Listeria monocytogenes and the indigenous microbiome of organic uncured beef frankfurters stored under refrigeration for three weeks. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262167. [PMID: 35051217 PMCID: PMC8775584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in several ready-to-eat (RTE) foodborne outbreaks, due in part to its ability to survive under refrigerated conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium bisulfate (SBS), sodium lactate (SL), and their combination as short-duration antimicrobial dips (10-s) on L. monocytogenes and the microbiome of inoculated organic frankfurters (8 Log10 CFU/g). Frankfurters were treated with tap water (TW), SBS0.39%, SBS0.78%, SL0.78%, SL1.56%, SBS+SL0.39%, SBS+SL0.78%. In addition, frankfurters were treated with frankfurter solution water (HDW)+SBS0.78%, HDW+SL1.56%, and HDW+SBS+SL0.78%. After treatment, frankfurters were vacuum packaged and stored at 4°C. Bacterial enumeration and 16S rDNA sequencing occurred on d 0, 7, 14, 21. Counts were Log10 transformed and calculated as growth potential from d 0 to d 7, 14, and 21. Data were analyzed in R using mixed-effects model and One-Way ANOVA (by day) with differences separated using Tukey’s HSD at P ≤ 0.05. The 16S rDNA was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq and analyzed in Qiime2-2018.8 with significance at P ≤ 0.05 and Q ≤ 0.05 for main and pairwise effects. An interaction of treatment and time was observed among the microbiological plate data with all experimental treatments reducing the growth potential of Listeria across time (P < 0.0001). Efficacy of treatments was inconsistent across time; however, on d 21, SBS0.39% treated franks had the lowest growth potential compared to the control. Among diversity metrics, time had no effect on the microbiota (P > 0.05), but treatment did (P < 0.05). Thus, the treatments potentially promoted a stable microbiota across time. Using ANCOM, Listeria was the only significantly different taxa at the genus level (P < 0.05, W = 52). Therefore, the results suggest incorporating SBS over SL as an alternative antimicrobial for the control of L. monocytogenes in organic frankfurters without negatively impacting the microbiota. However, further research using multiple L. monocytogenes strains will need to be utilized in order to determine the scope of SBS use in the production of RTE meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Bodie
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dana K. Dittoe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristina M. Feye
- Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Knueven
- Jones-Hamilton Co., Walbridge, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christina Ovall
- Jones-Hamilton Co., Walbridge, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rivera J, Phebus RK, Doddabematti Prakash S, Siliveru K. Effects of acidic water tempering and heat treatment on the Shiga toxin‐producing
Escherichia coli
(O121 and O26) load of wheat during tempering and its impact on wheat flour quality. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Rivera
- Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | | | | | - Kaliramesh Siliveru
- Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
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Pineda MR, Byrd JA, Genovese KJ, Farnell YZ, Zhao D, Wang X, Milby AC, Farnell MB. Evaluation of Sodium Bisulfate on Reducing Salmonella Heidelberg Biofilm and Colonization in Broiler Crops and Ceca. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102047. [PMID: 34683366 PMCID: PMC8540007 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) on contaminated poultry causes economic and health risks to producers and consumers. We hypothesized that sodium bisulfate (SBS) would decrease SH biofilm on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coupons and decrease the horizontal transfer of SH in broilers. Experiment 1: Salmonella Heidelberg biofilm was cultured with PVC coupons, which were treated with SBS at a pH of 3.5 for 10 min, 8 h, and 24 h. Experiment 2: Nine replicate pens per treatment were divided between two rooms. A seeder contact model was used to mimic a natural infection environment. Treatments consisted of tap water or sodium bisulfate in water at a pH of 3.5. Salmonella Heidelberg incidence and enumeration were measured in crops and ceca. Sodium bisulfate significantly reduced biofilm by 2.16 and 1.04 logs when treated for 8 and 24 h, respectively. Crop colonization was significantly decreased in trials 1 and 2 by 0.29 and 0.23 logs, respectively. Crop pH was significantly decreased in trial 2. Ceca colonization was significantly decreased in trial 1 by 0.39 logs. The results from the present study suggest that SBS may be administered to drinking water to decrease SH gut colonization and to reduce biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rose Pineda
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - James Allen Byrd
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (J.A.B.); (K.J.G.)
| | - Kenneth James Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (J.A.B.); (K.J.G.)
| | - Yuhua Zhang Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Allison Claire Milby
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Morgan Brian Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(979)-847-7363
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Laranja DC, da Silva Malheiros P, Cacciatore FA, de Oliveira Elias S, Milnitsky BP, Tondo EC. Salmonella inactivation and changes on texture and color of chicken skin treated with antimicrobials and ultrasound. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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McDaniel C, Teng XM, Jaroni D, Jadeja R. Investigation of the antimicrobial mode of action of sodium acid sulfate and potassium acid sulfate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Wythe LA, Dittoe DK, Feye KM, Olson EG, Perry LM, Ricke SC. Reduction of Salmonella Infantis on skin-on, bone-in chicken thighs by cetylpyridinium chloride application and the impact on the skin microbiota. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101409. [PMID: 34953376 PMCID: PMC8715379 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Infantis has been the etiological agent of numerous foodborne outbreaks of nontyphoidal Salmonella. Consequently, there is an emergent need to mitigate Salmonella Infantis among poultry. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) versus peroxyacetic acid (PAA), on bone-in, skin-on chicken thighs for the reduction of Salmonella and changes in the microbiota. Exactly 100 skin-on, bone-in chicken thighs (2 trials, 0 and 24 h, k = 5, n = 5, N = 50) were inoculated with 108 CFU/mL of a nalidixic acid resistant strain of S. Infantis for an attachment of 106 CFU/g. Thighs were treated with 20 s part dips (350 mL): a no inoculum, no treatment control (NINTC); no treatment control (NTC); tap water (TW); TW+CPC; TW+PAA. Following treatment, thighs were rinsed in 150 mL of nBPW, and rinsates were collected. Rinsates were spot plated for Salmonella and aerobic bacteria (APC). Log10 transformed counts were analyzed using a mixed-effects model (random effect = trial) with means separated using Tukey's HSD (P ≤ 0.05). The genomic DNA of rinsates was extracted, and the 16S rDNA was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME2, with data considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 (main effects) and Q≤0.05 (pairwise differences). Treatment × time interactions were observed for both Salmonella and APC (P < 0.05). The treatment of thighs with PAA and CPC reduced Salmonella and APC in respect to the controls. Numerically, thighs treated with CPC had less Salmonella (4.29 log10CFU/g) and less APC (4.56 log10CFU/g) at 24 h than all other treatments (P > 0.05). Differences in diversity metrics were not consistently observed between treatments; however, in trial 2, the NTC treated thighs were different than those treated with CPC (P < 0.05; Q < 0.05). In both trials, ANCOM, the analysis of microbiome compositional profiles, revealed shifts at both the phylum and order levels with thighs being different in the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). In conclusion, treatment of skin-on poultry parts with CPC may reduce the risk of foodborne outbreaks caused by Salmonella Infantis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Wythe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - D K Dittoe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - K M Feye
- Department of Food Science and Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
| | - E G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - L M Perry
- Safe Foods Corporation, Little Rock, AR 72114
| | - S C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
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Weerarathne P, Payne J, Saha J, Kountoupis T, Jadeja R, Jaroni D. Evaluating the efficacy of sodium acid sulfate to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its biofilms on food-contact surfaces. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sheng L, Shen X, Su Y, Korany A, Knueven CJ, Zhu MJ. The efficacy of sodium acid sulfate on controlling Listeria monocytogenes on apples in a water system with organic matter. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103595. [PMID: 32950137 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During fresh apple packing, wash water in the dump tank and flume systems is reused during daily production, resulting in high levels of organic matter in the wash water. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium acid sulfate (SAS), a Generally Recognized as Safe compound, against Listeria monocytogenes on fresh apples in a water system with high organic load. SAS at 1.0% reduced L. monocytogenes population in water with 1000 ppm chemical oxygen demand (COD) by more than 5.0 Log10 CFU/ml in 5 min, 2.0-3.0% SAS reduced L. monocytogenes to undetectable levels (10 CFU/ml) within 2 min regardless of organic levels. When applied on apples, a 2-min wash with SAS at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0% reduced L. monocytogenes by ~1.3, 1.9, 2.3, and 3.0 Log10 CFU/apple in clean water, respectively. High organic load in wash water up to 4000 ppm COD had no impact on the bactericidal effect of SAS against L. monocytogenes on fresh apples regardless of SAS concentrations. Shortening the contact time from 2 min to 30 s significantly reduced the antimicrobial efficacy of 25 ppm chlorine and 1.0-2.0% SAS but not that of 3.0% SAS. In addition, SAS at 1.0% demonstrated a better efficacy than 25 ppm chlorine in reducing fruit-to-water cross-contamination regardless of organic matter. SAS also showed a comparable efficacy as 25 ppm chlorine in reducing fruit-to-fruit cross-contamination in water with organic matter. The collective data indicate that SAS, as an enviroment-friendly compound, has the potential to be used as an alternative antimicrobial washing aid in dump tank process water intervention in apple packing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sheng
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xiaoye Shen
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yuan Su
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ahmed Korany
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Olson EG, Wythe LA, Dittoe DK, Feye KM, Ricke SC. Application of Amplon in combination with peroxyacetic acid for the reduction of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Reading on skin-on, bone-in tom turkey drumsticks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6997-7003. [PMID: 33248616 PMCID: PMC7704950 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) has become an important component of pathogen reduction in poultry processing, but there are potential concerns for continued exposure. The objective was to evaluate the effects of PAA and Amplon (AMP) used alone or in the combination. Bone-in tom turkey drumsticks (N = 100, n = 10, k = 5, 0 and 24 h) per study were obtained and inoculated with either nalidixic acid–resistant Salmonella Typhimurium or Salmonella Reading (64 μg/mL). The inocula were allowed to adhere to the drums at 4°C for 60 min for a final attachment of 108 and 107 cfu/g per S. Typhimurium and S. Reading, respectively. Drumsticks were treated with a no-treatment control; tap water, pH 8.5 (TW); TW+500 ppm PAA, pH 3.5 (PAA); TW+500 ppm AMP, pH 1.3 (AMP); TW + PAA + AMP (PAA + AMP). Treatments were applied as short duration dips (30 s) and allowed to drip for 2 min. After treatment, drums were stored at 4°C until microbial analyses at 0 and 24 h. Drums were rinsed in neutralizing buffered peptone water and spot plated for total aerobes and Salmonella. Bacterial counts were log10 transformed and analyzed using n-way ANOVA. All treatments reduced S. Reading on turkey legs at both 0 and 24 h (P < 0.0001; P < 0.0001). At 24 h, drums treated with PAA + AMP (3.92 log10 cfu/g) had less S. Reading than no-treatment control, TW, and AMP. Treatment by time interactions were observed for total aerobes among drums in both studies (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and Salmonella among drums inoculated with S. Typhimurium (P < 0.0001). During the S. Reading and S. Typhimurium study, all treatments reduced Salmonella and total aerobes on drums. During the S. Typhimurium study, drums treated with PAA + AMP had the lowest numerical load of S. Typhimurium and total aerobes. The combination of AMP + PAA may exhibit a synergistic effect in reducing Salmonella on turkey drums, thus increasing the safety of turkey products for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, WI
| | - L A Wythe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, WI
| | - D K Dittoe
- Department of Food Science and Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
| | - K M Feye
- Department of Food Science and Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
| | - S C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, WI.
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17
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Feye KM, Micchichi AC, Rubinelli PM, Knueven CJ, Thompson DR, Kogut MH, Ricke SC. The Effect of Acid Sanitizers on the Microbiome of Re-use Water. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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