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Neculai-Valeanu AS, Ariton AM, Radu C, Porosnicu I, Sanduleanu C, Amariții G. From Herd Health to Public Health: Digital Tools for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Dairy Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:634. [PMID: 39061316 PMCID: PMC11273838 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global food security, human health, and the future of livestock production. Higher rates of antimicrobial use in dairy farming and the sheer lack of new antimicrobials available for use focused attention on the question of how the dairy production sector contributed to the development of AMR and paved the path toward taking action to curtail it on the targeted type of farms. This paper aims to provide an introduction to a phenomenon that has gained considerable attention in the recent past due to its ever-increasing impact, the use of antimicrobial drugs, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on dairy farms, and seeks to discuss the possibilities of approaches such as digital health monitoring and precision livestock farming. Using sensors, data, knowledge, automation, etc., digital health monitoring, as well as Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), is expected to enhance health control and minimize disease and antimicrobial usage. The work presents a literature review on the current status and trends of AMR in dairy farms, an understanding of the concept of digital health monitoring and PLF, and the presentation and usefulness of digital health monitoring and PLF in preventing AMR. The study also analyses the strengths and weaknesses of adopting and incorporating digital technologies and artificial intelligence for dairy farming and presents areas for further study and level of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra-Sabina Neculai-Valeanu
- Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, 707252 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.N.-V.); (A.-M.A.)
- The Academy of Romanian Scientists, Str. Ilfov No. 3, Sector 5, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina-Mirela Ariton
- Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, 707252 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.N.-V.); (A.-M.A.)
| | - Ciprian Radu
- Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, 707252 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.N.-V.); (A.-M.A.)
| | - Ioana Porosnicu
- Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, 707252 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.N.-V.); (A.-M.A.)
- The Academy of Romanian Scientists, Str. Ilfov No. 3, Sector 5, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Science, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Catalina Sanduleanu
- Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, 707252 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.N.-V.); (A.-M.A.)
- Faculty of Food and Animal Resources, Iasi University of Life Science, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Amariții
- Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, 707252 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.N.-V.); (A.-M.A.)
- Faculty of Food and Animal Resources, Iasi University of Life Science, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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TSUYUKI Y, MAEDA T, TORII K, YOSHIDA H, IKEDA N, YOSHIDA S, ITO M, GOTO M, TAKAHASHI T. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine milk in Chiba prefecture, Japan: association between multidrug resistance and clonal complex 996. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:468-473. [PMID: 38569837 PMCID: PMC11144525 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of major pathogens causing bovine mastitis. However, there is poor information on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the Japanese isolates. To provide treatment information for the mastitis caused by S. uberis in Japan, we aimed to clarify AMR patterns of the isolates from bovine milk mainly in Chiba. AMR phenotyping/genotyping [blaZ-erm(A)-erm(B)-mef(A)-linB-lnuD-tet(M)-tet(O)-tet(K)-tet(L)-tet(S)] and multilocus sequence typing were performed to analyze relationships between AMR patterns and clonal complexes (CCs). Resistance to tetracycline-, macrolide-, and lincosamide-classes was mainly associated with possession of tet(O), tet(S), erm(B), linB, and lnuD genes. CC996 was significantly associated with multidrug resistance (P<0.0001). These findings will aid Chiba farm animal clinics in treating bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo TSUYUKI
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Matsuoka Research Institute for Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro MAEDA
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae TORII
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruno YOSHIDA
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki IKEDA
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Obihiro Clinical Laboratory, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Saki YOSHIDA
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Obihiro Clinical Laboratory, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiko ITO
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mieko GOTO
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Li S, Yu N, Tang Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wu H, Li X, Liu Y. Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability study of two cefquinome sulfate intramammary infusions in cow milk. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1384076. [PMID: 38528872 PMCID: PMC10962211 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1384076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, two intramammary infusions of cefquinome sulfate were investigated for pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Twelve lactating cows for each group were administered an effective dose of 75 mg/gland for cefquinome, with milk samples collected at various time intervals. The concentrations of cefquinome in milk at different times were determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method. Analyses of noncompartmental pharmacokinetics were conducted on the concentration of cefquinome in milk. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of group A and group B following intramammary administration were as follows: AUClast 300558.57 ± 25052.78 ng/mL and 266551.3 ± 50654.85 ng/mL, Cmax 51786.35 ± 11948.4 ng/mL and 59763.7 ± 8403.2 ng/mL, T1/2 5.69 ± 0.62 h and 5.25 ± 1.62 h, MRT 7.43 ± 0.79 h and 4.8 ± 0.78 h, respectively. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the relative bioavailability of group B was 88.69% that of group A. From our findings, group B (3 g: 75 mg) shows a quicker drug elimination process than group A (8 g: 75 mg), which suggests that the withdrawal period for the new formulation may be shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxin Tang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshuang Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubo Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Whiley D, Jolley K, Blanchard A, Coffey T, Leigh J. A core genome multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus uberis: an evolution in typing a genetically diverse pathogen. Microb Genom 2024; 10. [PMID: 38512314 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is a globally endemic and poorly controlled cause of bovine mastitis impacting the sustainability of the modern dairy industry. A core genome was derived from 579 newly sequenced S. uberis isolates, along with 305 publicly available genome sequences of S. uberis isolated from 11 countries around the world and used to develop a core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme. The S. uberis core genome comprised 1475 genes, and these were used to identify 1447 curated loci that were indexed into the cgMLST scheme. This was able to type 1012 of 1037 (>97 %) isolates used and differentiated the associated sequences into 932 discrete core genome sequence types (cgSTs). Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of cgSTs revealed no clear clustering of isolates based on metadata such as disease status or year of isolation. Geographical clustering of cgSTs was limited to identification of a UK-centric clade, but cgSTs from UK isolates were also dispersed with those originating from other geographical regions across the entire phylogenetic topology. The cgMLST scheme offers a new tool for the detailed analysis of this globally important pathogen of dairy cattle. Initial analysis has re-emphasized and exemplified the genetically diverse nature of the global population of this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Whiley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keith Jolley
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Blanchard
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tracey Coffey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Leigh
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Vander Elst N, Bert J, Favoreel H, Lavigne R, Meyer E, Briers Y. Development of engineered endolysins with in vitro intracellular activity against streptococcal bovine mastitis-causing pathogens. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2367-2386. [PMID: 37853918 PMCID: PMC10686134 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage-derived endolysins are a novel class of antimicrobials known to rapidly kill bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. We here engineered endolysins against the bovine mastitis pathogens Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae, also targeting intracellular survival and biofilm formation. For this purpose, high-throughput DNA assembly was used to create a library with >80,000 theoretical endolysin variants for screening of their bacteriolytic activity against Gram-positive isolates from (sub)clinically affected cows. This lytic activity was evaluated by turbidity reduction and time-kill assays in phosphate-buffered saline and pasteurized whole cow's milk to allow a rank up of the most potent leading candidates. A top candidate was selected with a 4.0 log killing efficacy against S. uberis, also showing similar activity against S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae. This top candidate eradicated S. uberis biofilm and showed intracellular activity in two bovine mammary epithelial cell lines as was confirmed by confocal microscopy. A potentiating effect on cloxacillin, a beta-lactam penicillin used to intramammarily treat bovine Gram-positive mastitis, was observed for this top candidate endolysin in raw cow's milk from (sub)clinically infected udders. Our in vitro results indicate that engineered endolysins may have a future role as add-on in the treatment of bovine streptococcal mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Joni Bert
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Herman Favoreel
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Yves Briers
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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Zouharová M, Matiašovic J, Gebauer J, Matiašková K, Nedbalcová K. Survey of Genotype Diversity, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Mastitis-Causing Streptococcus uberis in Dairy Herds Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Pathogens 2023; 12:1378. [PMID: 38133263 PMCID: PMC10745719 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the primary causative agents of mastitis, a clinically and economically significant disease that affects dairy cattle worldwide. In this study, we analyzed 140 S. uberis strains isolated from mastitis milk samples collected from 74 cow herds in the Czech Republic. We employed whole-genome sequencing to screen for the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and genes encoding virulence factors, and to assess their genetic relationships. Our analysis revealed the presence of 88 different sequence types (STs), with 41% of the isolates assigned to global clonal complexes (GCCs), the majority of which were affiliated with GCC5. The STs identified were distributed across the major phylogenetic branches of all currently known STs. We identified fifty-one putative virulence factor genes, and the majority of isolates carried between 27 and 29 of these genes. A tendency of virulence factors and AMR genes to cluster with specific STs was observed, although such clustering was not evident within GCCs. Principal component analysis did not reveal significant diversity among isolates when grouped by GCC or ST prevalence. The substantial genomic diversity and the wide array of virulence factors found in S. uberis strains present a challenge for the implementation of effective anti-mastitis measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zouharová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (K.N.)
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Romanò A, Ivanovic I, Segessemann T, Vazquez Rojo L, Widmer J, Egger L, Dreier M, Sesso L, Vaccani M, Schuler M, Frei D, Frey J, Ahrens CH, Steiner A, Graber HU. Elucidation of the Bovine Intramammary Bacteriome and Resistome from healthy cows of Swiss dairy farms in the Canton Tessin. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1183018. [PMID: 37583512 PMCID: PMC10425240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy, untreated cows of nine dairy herds from the Swiss Canton Tessin were analyzed three times within one year to identify the most abundant species of the intramammary bacteriome. Aseptically collected milk samples were cultured and bacteria identified using MALDI-TOF. Of 256 cows analyzed, 96% were bacteriologically positive and 80% of the 1,024 quarters were positive for at least one bacterial species. 84.5% of the quarters were healthy with somatic cell counts (SCC) < 200,000 cells/mL, whereas 15.5% of the quarters showed a subclinical mastitis (SCC ≥ 200,000 cells/mL). We could assign 1,288 isolates to 104 different bacterial species including 23 predominant species. Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) were most prevalent (14 different species; 73.5% quarters). Staphylococcus xylosus and Mammaliicoccus sciuri accounted for 74.7% of all NASM isolates. To describe the intramammary resistome, 350 isolates of the predominant species were selected and subjected to short-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiling. While complete genomes of eight type strains were available, the remaining 15 were de novo assembled with long reads as a resource for the community. The 23 complete genomes served for reference-based assembly of the Illumina WGS data. Both chromosomes and mobile genetic elements were examined for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) using in-house and online software tools. ARGs were then correlated with phenotypic antibiotic resistance data from minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Phenotypic and genomic antimicrobial resistance was isolate-specific. Resistance to clindamycin and oxacillin was most frequently observed (65 and 30%) in Staphylococcus xylosus but could not be linked to chromosomal or plasmid-borne ARGs. However, in several cases, the observed antimicrobial resistance could be explained by the presence of mobile genetic elements like tetK carried on small plasmids. This represents a possible mechanism of transfer between non-pathogenic bacteria and pathogens of the mammary gland within and between herds. The-to our knowledge-most extensive bacteriome reported and the first attempt to link it with the resistome promise to profoundly affect veterinary bacteriology in the future and are highly relevant in a One Health context, in particular for mastitis, the treatment of which still heavily relies on antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Romanò
- Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Ivanovic
- Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tina Segessemann
- SIB, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zürich, Switzerland
- Method Development and Analytics, Group Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Vazquez Rojo
- Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Widmer
- Method Development and Analytics, Group Biochemistry of Milk, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lotti Egger
- Method Development and Analytics, Group Biochemistry of Milk, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dreier
- Food Microbial Systems, Group Cultures, Biodiversity, and Terroir, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Sesso
- Clinic of Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Vaccani
- Clinic of Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schuler
- SIB, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zürich, Switzerland
- Method Development and Analytics, Group Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Frei
- Method Development and Analytics, Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Frey
- Method Development and Analytics, Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Christian H. Ahrens
- SIB, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zürich, Switzerland
- Method Development and Analytics, Group Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Steiner
- Clinic of Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans Ulrich Graber
- Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
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O'Connell LM, Coffey A, O'Mahony JM. Alternatives to antibiotics in veterinary medicine: considerations for the management of Johne's disease. Anim Health Res Rev 2023; 24:12-27. [PMID: 37475561 DOI: 10.1017/s146625232300004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a major health concern globally, with current predictions expecting deaths related to resistant infections to surpass those of cancer by 2050. Major efforts are being undertaken to develop derivative and novel alternatives to current antibiotic therapies in human medicine. What appears to be lacking however, are similar efforts into researching the application of those alternatives, such as (bacterio)phage therapy, in veterinary contexts. Agriculture is still undoubtedly the most prominent consumer of antibiotics, with up to 70% of annual antibiotic usage attributed to this sector, despite policies to reduce their use in food animals. This not only increases the risk of resistant infections spreading from farm to community but also the risk that animals may acquire species-specific infections that subvert treatment. While these diseases may not directly affect human welfare, they greatly affect the profit margin of industries reliant on livestock due to the cost of treatments and (more frequently) the losses associated with animal death. This means actively combatting animal infection not only benefits animal welfare but also global economies. In particular, targeting recurring or chronic conditions associated with certain livestock has the potential to greatly reduce financial losses. This can be achieved by developing novel diagnostics to quickly identify ill animals alongside the design of novel therapies. To explore this concept further, this review employs Johne's disease, a chronic gastroenteritis condition that affects ruminants, as a case study to exemplify the benefits of rapid diagnostics and effective treatment of chronic disease, with particular regard to the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Jim M O'Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
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Ma X, Chen H, Wang F, Wang S, Wu Y, Ma X, Wei Y, Shao W, Zhao Y. Molecular characterisation and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from dairy farms in China. J Vet Res 2023; 67:161-167. [PMID: 38143824 PMCID: PMC10740378 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is a pathogen causing bovine mastitis that results in considerable economic losses in the livestock sector. To understand the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of S. agalactiae from dairy cow mastitis cases in China, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out and the serotypes and drug resistance characteristics of the bacteria in the region were analysed. Material and Methods A total of 21 strains of bovine S. agalactiae were characterised based on MLST, molecular serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the presence of drug resistance genes. Results The serotypes were mainly Ia and II, accounting for 47.6% and 42.9% of all serotypes, respectively. Five sequence types (STs) were identified through MLST. The ST103 and ST1878 strains were predominant, with rates of 52.4% and 28.6%, respectively. The latter is a novel, previously uncharacterised sequence type. More than 90% of S. agalactiae strains were susceptible to penicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, florfenicol and sulfamethoxazole. The bacteria showed high resistance to tetracycline (85.7%), clindamycin (52.1%) and erythromycin (47.6%). Resistant genes were detected by PCR, the result of which showed that 47.6%, 33.3% and 38.1% of isolates carried the tet(M), tet(O) and erm(B) genes, respectively. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that S. agalactiae show a high level of antimicrobial resistance. It is necessary to monitor the pathogens of mastitis to prevent the transmission of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Ma
- College of Animal Science Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi830052, P. R. China
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
| | - He Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
| | - Fulan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
| | - Yating Wu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
| | - Xianlan Ma
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wei
- Xinjiang Tian’ao Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Ili835000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shao
- College of Animal Science Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi830052, P. R. China
| | - Yankun Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi830091, P. R. China
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10
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Pangprasit N, Srithanasuwan A, Intanon M, Suriyasathaporn W, Chaisri W. Clinical field trial of parenteral amoxicillin for the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in the upper region of Northern Thailand. Vet World 2023; 16:792-798. [PMID: 37235160 PMCID: PMC10206963 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.792-798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mastitis, primarily caused by intramammary bacterial infection, is the most expensive disease in the global dairy industry due to its negative impact on milk composition and manufacturing properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral amoxicillin in the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Northern Thailand. Materials and Methods A total of 51 cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis from dairy cooperatives in Lamphun and Chiang Mai provinces, Northern Thailand, were enrolled in this study. Conventional bacteriological procedures were applied to identify the causative bacteria in milk samples from these cows before and 7 days after treatment, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted using the disk diffusion method for all bacteria isolated before treatment. All cows with mastitis were administered 15 mg/kg of amoxicillin (LONGAMOX®, Syva Laboratories SA, Spain) intramuscularly every other day for 3 days. Results Environmental streptococcal bacteria (Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus spp.) were commonly isolated from infected quarters and were highly susceptible to amoxicillin (100%). The clinical efficacy of amoxicillin treatment for clinical mastitis cases was 80.43%, and the bacteriological efficacy was 47.82%, with opportunistic staphylococcal bacteria (coagulase-negative staphylococci) and contagious streptococcal bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae) being the most sensitive microorganisms (100%). In subclinical mastitis cases, the bacteriological efficacy of parenteral amoxicillin was 70.45%, with environmental streptococcal bacteria (S. uberis) being the most (100%) sensitive microorganisms. Conclusion Amoxicillin is highly efficacious and can be used to treat clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, particularly mastitis caused by environmental Streptococcus spp. These findings could be used to guide treatment regimens in veterinary practice in smallholder dairy farms in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppason Pangprasit
- Department of Livestock Clinics, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thamarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Anyaphat Srithanasuwan
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Montira Intanon
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Witaya Suriyasathaporn
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wasana Chaisri
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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11
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Saddam S, Khan M, Jamal M, Rehman SU, Slama P, Horky P. Multidrug resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae reservoir and their capsular resistance genes in cow farms of district Peshawar, Pakistan. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282245. [PMID: 36848367 PMCID: PMC9970052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes a variety of severe illnesses as well as mastitis. The distribution of mastitis-causing K. Pneumoniae and its virulence factors vary by country and geographical location. The present study aimed to find out the occurrence of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. Pneumoniae and their capsular resistance genes which were undocumented previously in cow farms of district Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 700 milk samples from symptomatic mastitic cows were screened for MDR K. Pneumoniae. Furthermore, the characterization of capsular resistance genes was done by molecular techniques. Among these samples, K. pneumoniae was found 180/700 (25.7%), while MDR K. pneumoniae was found 80/180 (44.4%). The antibiogram analysis revealed high resistance to Vancomycin (95%) while highly sensitive to Ceftazidime (80%). The distribution of capsular genes shows the most common serotype K2 gene 39/80 (48.7%), followed by serotype K1 gene 34/80 (42.5%), serotype K5 17/80 (21.2%), and serotype K54 13/80 (16.2), respectively. Moreover, the co-occurrence of serotypes K1+K2 was found at 11.25%, KI+K5 was 05%, K1+K54 was 3.75%, and K2+K5 was 7.5%, respectively. A statistically significant association (p ≤ 0.05) was found between predicted and discovered K. pneumoniae values. In conclusion, the presence of MDR K. pneumoniae in combination with capsular genes may be a possible threat to dairy farm animals and humans in Peshawar, Pakistan. It may give us special attention to follow up on hygienic practices in livestock management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Saddam
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rehman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Zouharova M, Nedbalcova K, Kralova N, Slama P, Matiaskova K, Matiasovic J. Multilocus Sequence Genotype Heterogeneity in Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in the Czech Republic. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182327. [PMID: 36139187 PMCID: PMC9495201 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine mastitis is a serious problem for dairy farmers, resulting in great economic losses. A large number of antimicrobials are used to treat mastitis, contributing to the spread of resistance. Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental pathogen responsible for a significant proportion of subclinical (asymptomatic) and clinical intramammary infections in many countries. This pathogen is present in the environment of cows, colonising multiple body sites of the cow, including the mammary gland. Isolates may produce virulence factors that enable the bacteria to infect the mammary gland, resist the defence mechanisms of the mammary gland, and persist inside the gland. S. uberis isolates differ in virulence and the level of antimicrobial resistance, posing a challenge to controlling S. uberis infection. Therefore, it is necessary to study the biology and genetics of this pathogen to be able to help farmers and veterinarians to implement effective targeted measures against S. uberis mastitis. Abstract The ubiquitous occurrence and high heterogeneity of Streptococcus uberis strains cause difficulties in the development and implementation of effective control strategies in dairy herds. In this study, S. uberis strains from 74 farms, obtained predominantly from subclinical, acute, and chronic recurrent mastitis, as well as from udder surface swabs and milk from healthy udders, were analysed for their genetic diversity using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Isolates were tested for the presence of the genes encoding the virulence factors using polymerase chain reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using a microdilution assay including 14 antimicrobials. The virulence profiles and antimicrobial (AMR) profiles of the isolates were assembled and the overall heterogeneity was evaluated. Among the 124 isolates, 89 MLST genotypes, 7 different virulence profiles, and 12 AMR profiles were identified. The large number of different MLST allelic profiles in this study points to the high heterogeneity of strains in dairy herds in the Czech Republic. Isolates of a certain MLST genotype may possess a different set of virulence factor genes. We detected up to three different resistance profiles within a single MLST genotype. The results of our study showed that fully susceptible isolates coexisted with resistant or even multiresistant isolates in the same herd. Multiple genotypes within a herd were detected on many farms (up to seven MLST genotypes and four AMR profiles in one herd). This heterogenic population structure might suggest that environmental transmission is the predominant route of infection in herds in the Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zouharova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Kralova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Vezina B, Rosa MN, Canu A, Tola S. Genomic surveillance reveals antibiotic resistance gene transmission via phage recombinases within sheep mastitis-associated Streptococcus uberis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:264. [PMID: 35799261 PMCID: PMC9261030 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus uberis is one of the main causative agents of ovine mastitis, however little is known about this global, environmental pathogen and its genomic mechanisms of disease. In this study, we performed genomic analysis on 46 S. uberis isolates collected from mastitis-infected sheep in Sardinia (Italy). Results Genomes were assigned into lineage clusters using PopPUNK, which found 27 distinct isolate clusters, indicating considerable genetic variability consistent with environmental isolates. Geographic trends were identified including regional linkage of several isolate clusters. Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST) performed poorly and provided no new insights. Genomes were then screened for antimicrobial resistance genes, which were compared to phenotypic resistance profiles. Isolates showed consistent phenotypic resistance to aminoglycosides with variable resistance to novobiocin and tetracycline. In general, identification of antimicrobial resistance genes did not correlate with phenotypic resistance profiles, indicating unknown genetic determinants. A multi-antimicrobial resistance cassette (aminoglycoside, lincosamide and streptogramin) was identified in the chromosome of three genomes, flanked by vestigial phage recombinases. This locus appears to have spread horizontally within discrete S. uberis populations within a 40 km radius (Sassari region). Genomes were screened for putative virulence factors, which identified 16 genes conserved between sheep and cow isolates, with no host-specific genes shared uniformly across all host-specific isolates. Pangenomic analysis was then performed to identify core genes which were putatively surface-exposed, for identification of potential vaccine targets. As all genomes encoded sortase, core genes were screened for the sortase cleavage motif. Of the 1445 core S. uberis genes, 64 were putative sortase substrates and were predominantly adhesins, permeases and peptidases, consistent with compounds found within ruminant milk such as xanthine, fibronectin and lactoferrin. Conclusions This study demonstrated the importance of whole genome sequencing for surveillance of S. uberis and tracking horizontal acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes, as well as providing insight into genetic determinants of disease, which cannot be inferred from the MLST schemes. Future mastitis surveillance should be informed by genomic analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03341-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Vezina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Maria Nives Rosa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Canu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sebastiana Tola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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14
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Wu X, Liu J, Feng J, Shabbir MAB, Feng Y, Guo R, Zhou M, Hou S, Wang G, Hao H, Cheng G, Wang Y. Epidemiology, Environmental Risks, Virulence, and Resistance Determinants of Klebsiella pneumoniae From Dairy Cows in Hubei, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858799. [PMID: 35602033 PMCID: PMC9117759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes serious infections in humans and animals. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern and virulence profile of K. pneumoniae, a total of 887 samples were collected from both the healthy and mastitis cows and the bedding, feed, feces, air, drinking water, spraying water, washing water, and milk cup swabs from five dairy farms in Hubei, China, during 2019 and 2020. K. pneumoniae was isolated and identified using PCR of the khe and 16S rDNA sequencing. A genotypic characterization was performed for K. pneumoniae isolates using wzi typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antimicrobial resistances were confirmed using broth microdilution against 17 antimicrobial agents and resistance and virulence genes were determined by PCR. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 26.94% (239/887) distributed in 101 wzi allele types (199/239, 83.26%) and 100 sequence types (STs) (209/239, 87.45%), including 5 new wzi allele type and 25 new STs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that K. pneumoniae isolated from milk, nipple swab, feed, and feces is classified in the same clone complex. By comparing with the PubMLST database, at least 67 STs have the risk of spreading in different species and regions. Interestingly, 60 STs have been isolated from humans. The isolates were highly sensitive to meropenem and colistin, but resistant to ampicillin (100%), sulfisoxazole (94.56%), cephalothin (47.28%), streptomycin (30.13%), and so on. Noteworthy, multidrug-resistant (MDR) rate was found to be 43.93% in this study. By PCR, 30 of 68 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were identified; the prevalence rate of blaTEM, blaSHV, strA, strB, aadA1, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr was more than 50%. Eleven CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae were found. The detection rate of fimH, mrkD, uge, wabG, entB, iutA, iroN, and ureA was over 85%. This study reinforces the epidemiological importance of K. pneumoniae in food-producing animals in Hubei. The emergence and spread of environmental MDR K. pneumoniae may pose a potential threat to food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Wu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Feng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yali Feng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meifang Zhou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sulin Hou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Hubei Livestock and Poultry Breeding Centre, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Lesueur J, Walachowski S, Barbey S, Cebron N, Lefebvre R, Launay F, Boichard D, Germon P, Corbiere F, Foucras G. Standardized Whole Blood Assay and Bead-Based Cytokine Profiling Reveal Commonalities and Diversity of the Response to Bacteria and TLR Ligands in Cattle. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871780. [PMID: 35677047 PMCID: PMC9169910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in multiplex technologies enable the determination of a large nu\mber of soluble proteins such as cytokines in various biological samples. More than a one-by-one determination of the concentration of immune mediators, they permit the establishment of secretion profiles for a more accurate description of conditions related to infectious diseases or vaccination. Cytokine profiling has recently been made available for bovine species with the development of a Luminex® technology-based 15-plex assay. Independently from the manufacturer, we evaluated the bovine cytokine/chemokine multiplex assay for limits of detection, recovery rate, and reproducibility. Furthermore, we assessed cytokine secretion in blood samples from 107 cows upon stimulation with heat-killed bacteria and TLR2/4 ligands compared to a null condition. Secretion patterns were analyzed either using the absolute concentration of cytokines or using their relative concentration with respect to the overall secretion level induced by each stimulus. Using Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis, we show that the 15-cytokine profile is different under Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus uberis conditions, and that IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α contribute the most to differentiate these conditions. LPS and E. coli induced largely overlapping biological responses, but S. aureus and S. uberis were associated with distinct cytokine profiles than their respective TLR ligands. Finally, results based on adjusted or absolute cytokine levels yielded similar discriminative power, but led to different stimuli-related signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Lesueur
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sarah Barbey
- Unité Expérimentale du Pin, INRAE, Borculo, Le Pin au Haras, France
| | - Nathan Cebron
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Rachel Lefebvre
- GABI, Université de Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Launay
- Unité Expérimentale du Pin, INRAE, Borculo, Le Pin au Haras, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- GABI, Université de Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Gilles Foucras
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Gilles Foucras,
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16
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A dominant clonal lineage of Streptococcus uberis in cattle in Germany. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:857-870. [PMID: 35489013 PMCID: PMC9206625 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis causes enormous economic losses in the dairy industry with Streptococcus uberis as one of the most common bacterial pathogens causing clinical and subclinical variations. In most cases mastitis can be cured by intramammary administration of antimicrobial agents. However, the severity of the clinical manifestations can vary greatly from mild to severe symtoms. In this study, a comparative genomic analysis of 24 S. uberis isolates from three dairy farms in Germany, affected by different courses of infection was conducted. While there were sporadic mild infections in farm A and B, a large number of infections were observed within a very short period of time in farm C. The comparison of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance genes and prophage regions revealed no features that might be responsible for this severe course. However, almost all isolates from farm C showed the same, novel MLST profile (ST1373), thus a clonal outbreak cannot be excluded, whereby the actual reason for the particular virulence remains unknown. This study demonstrates the importance of extensive metagenomic studies, including the host genomes and the environment, to gain further evidence on the pathogenicity of S. uberis.
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17
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Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Sheep Milk. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111489. [PMID: 34832644 PMCID: PMC8624425 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramammary infections are a major problem for dairy sheep farms, and Streptococcus uberis is one of the main etiological agents of ovine mastitis. Surveys on antimicrobial resistance are still limited in sheep and characterization of isolates is important for acquiring information on resistance and for optimizing therapy. In this study, a sampling of 124 S. uberis isolates collected in Sardinia (Italy) from sheep milk was analyzed by multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for genetic relatedness. All isolates were also subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility analysis by the disk diffusion test using a panel of 14 antimicrobials. Resistance genes were detected by PCR assays. MLST analysis revealed that the isolates were grouped into 86 sequence types (STs), of which 73 were new genotypes, indicating a highly diverse population of S. uberis. The most frequently detected lineage was the clonal complex (CC)143, although representing only 13.7% of all characterized isolates. A high level of heterogeneity was also observed among the SmaI PFGE profiles, with 121 unique patterns. Almost all (96.8%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, while all exhibited phenotypic susceptibility to oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ceftiofur. Of the antimicrobials tested, the highest resistance rate was found against streptomycin (93.5%), kanamycin (79.8%) and gentamicin (64.5%), followed by novobiocin (25%) and tetracycline-TE (19.3%). Seventy-four (59.7%) isolates were simultaneously resistant to all aminoglycosides tested. Seventeen isolates (13.7%) exhibited multidrug resistance. All aminoglycosides-resistant isolates were PCR negative for aad-6 and aphA-3' genes. Among the TE-resistant isolates, the tetM gene was predominant, indicating that the resistance mechanism is mainly mediated by the protection of ribosomes and not through the efflux pump. Three isolates were resistant to erythromycin, and two of them harbored the ermB gene. This is the first study reporting a detailed characterization of the S. uberis strains circulating in Sardinian sheep. Further investigations will be needed to understand the relationships between S. uberis genotypes, mastitis severity, and intra-mammary infection dynamics in the flock, as well as to monitor the evolution of antimicrobial resistance.
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18
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Abd El-Aziz NK, Ammar AM, El Damaty HM, Abd Elkader RA, Saad HA, El-Kazzaz W, Khalifa E. Environmental Streptococcus uberis Associated with Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Virulence Traits, Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, and Epidemiological Typing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1849. [PMID: 34206268 PMCID: PMC8300258 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis remains a serious problem for dairy animals. The misappropriation of antimicrobial agents helps accelerate resistance, which poses a serious challenge in controlling environmental S. uberis infection. Here, we study the virulence attributes, antimicrobial and biocide resistance, and epidemiological typing of S. uberis recovered from bovine clinical mastitis in dairy farms of diverse hygienic interventions in Egypt. The overall S. uberis infection rate was 20.59%; all were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The sua gene was the most frequent virulence gene (42.02%), followed by pauA (40.57%), cfu (21.73%), skc (20.28%), and opp (11.59%). The erm(B) gene served as the predominant antimicrobial-resistant gene (75.36%), followed by fexA (52.63%) and tet(M), blaZ, and aac(6')aph(2″) genes (46.38% each). Of note, 79.71%, 78.26%, and 18.84% of S. uberis isolates harbored qacED1, qacC/D, and qacA/B genes, respectively. All analyzed isolates were S. uberis type I by their unique RFLP-PCR pattern. In conclusion, the sustained presence of pauA and sua genes throughout the investigated farms contributes to a better understanding of the bacterium's pathogenicity. Furthermore, MDR coupled with the existence of biocide resistance genes indicates the importance of S. uberis surveillance and the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary clinical medicine to avoid the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Damaty
- Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Abd Elkader
- Belbies Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Agriculture, Belbies 44974, Egypt
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed El-Kazzaz
- Molecular Microbiology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
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Monistero V, Barberio A, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Morandi S, Lassen DCK, Astrup LB, Locatelli C, Piccinini R, Addis MF, Bronzo V, Moroni P. Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Streptococcus uberis Isolated from a Clinical Bovine Mastitis Outbreak in a Dairy Farm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060644. [PMID: 34071296 PMCID: PMC8229259 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis, an environmental pathogen responsible also for contagious transmission, has been increasingly implicated in clinical mastitis (CM) cases in Europe. We described a 4-month epidemiological investigation of Strep. uberis CM cases in an Italian dairy farm. We determined molecular characteristics and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of 71 Strep. uberis isolates from dairy cows with CM. Genotypic variability was investigated via multiplex PCR of housekeeping and virulence genes, and by RAPD-PCR typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed for 14 antimicrobials by MIC assay. All the isolates carried the 11 genes investigated. At 90% similarity, two distinct clusters, grouping 69 of the 71 isolates, were detected in the dendrogram derived from the primer ERIC1. The predominant cluster I could be separated into two subclusters, containing 38 and 14 isolates, respectively. Strep. uberis strains belonging to the same RAPD pattern differed in their resistance profiles. Most (97.2%) of them were resistant to at least one of the drugs tested, but only 25.4% showed a multidrug resistance phenotype. The highest resistance rate was observed for lincomycin (93%), followed by tetracycline (85.9%). This study confirmed a low prevalence of β-lactam resistance in Strep. uberis, with only one isolate showing resistance to six antimicrobial classes, including cephalosporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Monistero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonio Barberio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-037-1466-2508
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Stefano Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Desiree C. K. Lassen
- Centre for Diagnostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (L.B.A.)
| | - Lærke B. Astrup
- Centre for Diagnostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (L.B.A.)
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - M. Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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20
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Maity S, Ambatipudi K. Mammary microbial dysbiosis leads to the zoonosis of bovine mastitis: a One-Health perspective. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6006870. [PMID: 33242081 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a prototypic emerging and reemerging bacterial disease that results in cut-by-cut torture to animals, public health and the global economy. Pathogenic microbes causing mastitis have overcome a series of hierarchical barriers resulting in the zoonotic transmission from bovines to humans either by proximity or remotely through milk and meat. The disease control is challenging and has been attributed to faulty surveillance systems to monitor their emergence at the human-animal interface. The complex interaction between the pathogens, the hidden pathobionts and commensals of the bovine mammary gland that create a menace during mastitis remains unexplored. Here, we review the zoonotic potential of these pathogens with a primary focus on understanding the interplay between the host immunity, mammary ecology and the shift from symbiosis to dysbiosis. We also address the pros and cons of the current management strategies and the extent of the success in implementing the One-Health approach to keep these pathogens at bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, , India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, , India
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21
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Vezina B, Al-Harbi H, Ramay HR, Soust M, Moore RJ, Olchowy TWJ, Alawneh JI. Sequence characterisation and novel insights into bovine mastitis-associated Streptococcus uberis in dairy herds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3046. [PMID: 33542314 PMCID: PMC7862697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the most frequent mastitis-causing pathogens isolated from dairy cows. Further understanding of S. uberis genetics may help elucidate the disease pathogenesis. We compared the genomes of S. uberis isolates cultured from dairy cows located in distinctly different geographic regions of Australia. All isolates had novel multi locus sequence types (MLST) indicating a highly diverse population of S. uberis. Global clonal complexes (GCC) were more conserved. GCC ST86 and GCC ST143 represented 30% of the total isolates (n = 27) and were clustered within different geographic regions. Core genome phylogeny revealed low phylogenetic clustering by region, isolation source, and MLST. Identification of putative sortase (srtA) substrates and generation of a custom putative virulence factor database revealed genes which may explain the affinity of S. uberis for mammary tissue, evasion of antimicrobial efforts and disease pathogenesis. Of 27 isolates, four contained antibiotic resistance genes including an antimicrobial resistance cluster containing mel/mef(A), mrsE, vatD, lnuD, and transposon-mediated lnuC was also identified. These are novel genes for S. uberis, which suggests interspecies lateral gene transfer. The presence of resistance genes across the two geographic regions tested within one country supports the need for a careful, tailored, implementation and monitoring of antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Vezina
- Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.,Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Hulayyil Al-Harbi
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Hena R Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Martin Soust
- Terragen Biotech Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, QLD, 4573, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, 3083, Australia
| | - Timothy W J Olchowy
- Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T3R 1J3, Canada
| | - John I Alawneh
- Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia. .,The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
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22
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Vander Elst N, Linden SB, Lavigne R, Meyer E, Briers Y, Nelson DC. Characterization of the Bacteriophage-Derived Endolysins PlySs2 and PlySs9 with In Vitro Lytic Activity against Bovine Mastitis Streptococcus uberis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090621. [PMID: 32961696 PMCID: PMC7558826 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an infection of the cow’s mammary gland, is frequently caused by Streptococcus uberis and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. The intramammary administration of antibiotics currently remains the predominant preventive and therapeutic measure. These antimicrobial compounds, of which some are considered critical in human health care, are frequently applied as dry therapy resulting in their consistent overuse. Therefore, the use of antibiotics in the dairy sector is being questioned. We here identified two endolysins, i.e., PlySs2 and PlySs9, respectively derived from Streptococcus suis serotype-2 and -9 prophages, with lytic activity against S. uberis in an in vitro setting. Both endolysins gave clear lysis zones in spot-on-plate assays and caused a reduction of the optical density in a turbidity reduction assay. In depth characterization identified PlySs9 as the more potent endolysin over PlySs2 with a lower MIC value and about one additional log of killing. PlySs2 and PlySs9 were challenged to a panel of subclinical and clinical S. uberis milk isolates and were both able to lyse all strains tested. Molecular dissection of these endolysins in catalytic and cell wall binding subdomains resulted in major loss of killing and binding activity, respectively. Taken together, we here propose PlySs2 and PlySs9 as candidate compounds to the current antimicrobial arsenal known against bovine mastitis-causing S. uberis as future add-on or replacement strategy to the currently used intramammary antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Discovery, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (N.V.E.); (D.C.L.); Tel.: +32-9-264-73-46 (N.V.E.)
| | - Sara B. Linden
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Discovery, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Yves Briers
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Daniel C. Nelson
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Discovery, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.V.E.); (D.C.L.); Tel.: +32-9-264-73-46 (N.V.E.)
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23
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Abril AG, Carrera M, Böhme K, Barros-Velázquez J, Rama JLR, Calo-Mata P, Sánchez-Pérez A, Villa TG. Proteomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance, and Production of Antimicrobial and Virulence Factors in Streptococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis. Could Enzybiotics Represent Novel Therapeutic Agents Against These Pathogens? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060302. [PMID: 32512932 PMCID: PMC7344566 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus spp. are major mastitis pathogens present in dairy products, which produce a variety of virulence factors that are involved in streptococcal pathogenicity. These include neuraminidase, pyrogenic exotoxin, and M protein, and in addition they might produce bacteriocins and antibiotic-resistance proteins. Unjustifiable misuse of antimicrobials has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in foodstuffs. Identification of the mastitis-causing bacterial strain, as well as determining its antibiotic resistance and sensitivity is crucial for effective therapy. The present work focused on the LC–ESI–MS/MS (liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of tryptic digestion peptides from mastitis-causing Streptococcus spp. isolated from milk. A total of 2706 non-redundant peptides belonging to 2510 proteins was identified and analyzed. Among them, 168 peptides were determined, representing proteins that act as virulence factors, toxins, anti-toxins, provide resistance to antibiotics that are associated with the production of lantibiotic-related compounds, or play a role in the resistance to toxic substances. Protein comparisons with the NCBI database allowed the identification of 134 peptides as specific to Streptococcus spp., while two peptides (EATGNQNISPNLTISNAQLNLEDKNK and DLWC*NM*IIAAK) were found to be species-specific to Streptococcus dysgalactiae. This proteomic repository might be useful for further studies and research work, as well as for the development of new therapeutics for the mastitis-causing Streptococcus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Abril
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Sur 15782, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.)
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Karola Böhme
- Agroalimentary Technological Center of Lugo, Montirón 154, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Area de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (J.B.-V.); (P.C.-M.)
| | - José-Luis R. Rama
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Sur 15782, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.)
| | - Pilar Calo-Mata
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Area de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (J.B.-V.); (P.C.-M.)
| | - Angeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Sur 15782, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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El Garch F, Youala M, Simjee S, Moyaert H, Klee R, Truszkowska B, Rose M, Hocquet D, Valot B, Morrissey I, de Jong A. Antimicrobial susceptibility of nine udder pathogens recovered from bovine clinical mastitis milk in Europe 2015-2016: VetPath results. Vet Microbiol 2020; 245:108644. [PMID: 32456822 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
VetPath is an ongoing pan-European antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programme collecting pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry not recently treated with antibiotics. Non-duplicate isolates (n = 1244) were obtained from cows with acute clinical mastitis in eight countries during 2015-2016 for centrally antimicrobial susceptibility testing according CLSI standards. Among Escherichia coli (n = 225), resistance was high to ampicillin and tetracycline, moderate to kanamycin and low to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefazolin. The MIC50/90 of danofloxacin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin were 0.03 and 0.06 μg/mL. For Klebsiella spp. (n = 70), similar results were noted, except for ampicillin and kanamycin. We detected 3.7 % (11/295) Enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying an ESBL/AmpC gene. Staphylococcus aureus (n = 247) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; n = 189) isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested except to penicillin (25.1 and 29.1 % resistance). Two S. aureus and thirteen CoNS isolates harboured mecA gene. Streptococcus uberis isolates (n = 208) were susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics (87.1-94.7 % susceptibility), 23.9 % were resistant to erythromycin and 37.5 % to tetracycline. Resistance to pirlimycin was moderate. For Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n = 132) the latter figures were 10.6 and 43.2 %; pirlimycin resistance was low. MIC values for Streptococcus agalactiae, Trueperella pyogenes and Corynebacterium spp. were generally low. This current VetPath study shows that mastitis pathogens were susceptible to most antimicrobials with exceptions of staphylococci against penicillin and streptococci against erythromycin or tetracycline. For most antimicrobials, the percentage resistance and MIC50/90 values among the major pathogens were comparable to that of the preceeding VetPath surveys. This work highlights the high need to set additional clinical breakpoints for antimicrobials frequently used to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid El Garch
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Vétoquinol SA, Lure, France
| | - Myriam Youala
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Virbac, Carros, France
| | - Shabbir Simjee
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Elanco Animal Health, Basingstoke, UK
| | - Hilde Moyaert
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Zoetis, Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Klee
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Beata Truszkowska
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Fatro, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Markus Rose
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; MSD Animal Health, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU, Besançon, France; UMR CNRS Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- UMR CNRS Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Anno de Jong
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Consultant c/o CEESA, Brussels, Belgium.
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25
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Đuričić D, Sukalić T, Marković F, Kočila P, Žura Žaja I, Menčik S, Dobranić T, Benić M, Samardžija M. Effects of Dietary Vibroactivated Clinoptilolite Supplementation on the Intramammary Microbiological Findings in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020202. [PMID: 31991715 PMCID: PMC7070774 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary vibroactivated clinoptilolite supplementation on the intramammary microbiological findings in dairy cows, causative agents of intramammary infection, and their sensitivity to antibiotics. The cows (n = 78) were randomly divided into two groups: the clinoptilolite (CPL)-treated group that received 100 g of clinoptilolite (CPL) in-feed (n = 38) from the seventh month of pregnancy to 75 days after calving and the control group (CON) of untreated cows (n = 40). Milk samples were taken from each cow on days 7, 25, 45, and 75 postpartum. Different causative pathogens were isolated in 86 udder quarters (7.07%), in 3.87% environmental microflora, and 89.06% were bacteriologically negative. The most effective antibiotics were cefoperazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while cloxacillin and tetracycline were the least effective. In the CPL group (14 cows), nine pathogens were isolated in 27 quarters, while in the control (CON) group (24 cows), 13 pathogens in 59 quarters. Cows from the CON group had a 1.96 times higher risk of intramammary infection than cows from the CPL group. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary vibroactivated clinoptilolite supplementation on the intramammary microbiological findings in dairy cows, causative agents of potential intramammary infection, and their sensitivity to antibiotics. Cows (n = 78) were randomly divided into two groups: CPL-treated group that received clinoptilolite (CPL) in-feed (n = 38), i.e., 50 g natural powdered zeolite CPL, twice daily from the seventh month of pregnancy to 75 days after calving, and the control group (CON) of untreated cows (n = 40). Milk samples were taken from each cow on days 7, 25, 45, and 75 postpartum. The following causative pathogens were isolated in 86 udder quarters: Staphylococcus aureus in 5.81% of positive samples, Staphylococcus spp. 9.32%, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) 22.09%, Streptococcus uberis 13.95%, Streptococcus agalactiae 1.16%, Streptococcus sp. 3.49%, Escherichia coli 8.13%, Enterococcus spp. 6.98%, Corynebacterium spp. 11.63%, Pasteurella sp. 10.47%, Serratia spp. 2.33%, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Citrobacter sp., Prototheca sp., and yeasts each in 1.16% of samples. Additionally, 3.87% of environmental microflora samples (n = 47) and 89.06% of udder samples (n = 1083) were bacteriologically negative. The most effective antibiotics were cefoperazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while cloxacillin and tetracycline were the least effective antibiotics in both groups. In the clinoptilolite supplemented (CPL) group (n = 38) of 14 cows, nine causative agents of mastitis were isolated in 27 quarters, while in the control (CON) group (n = 40) of 24 cows, 13 causative agents of mastitis were isolated in 59 quarters. Cows from the CON group had a 1.96 times higher risk of intramammary infection than cows from the CPL group during the observation period (odds ratio = 1.96, p = 0.0031; 95% CI = 1.2570–3.0770).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražen Đuričić
- Veterinary Practice Đurđevac, Kolodvorska 2, 48350 Đurđevac, Croatia;
| | - Tomislav Sukalić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department Križevci, Zakmardijeva 10, 48260 Križevci, Croatia;
| | - Franjo Marković
- Belupo Pharmaceuticals, Vargovićeva 4/3, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia;
| | - Predrag Kočila
- Animal Feed Factory d.d., Novakova 11, 40000 Čakovec, Croatia;
| | - Ivona Žura Žaja
- Faculty of Veteririnary Medicine University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Ž.Ž.); (S.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Sven Menčik
- Faculty of Veteririnary Medicine University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Ž.Ž.); (S.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Tomislav Dobranić
- Faculty of Veteririnary Medicine University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Ž.Ž.); (S.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Miroslav Benić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marko Samardžija
- Faculty of Veteririnary Medicine University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Ž.Ž.); (S.M.); (T.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385912390157
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26
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Wald R, Baumgartner M, Gutschireiter J, Bazzanella B, Lichtmannsperger K, Wagner M, Wittek T, Stessl B. Comparison of the population structure of Streptococcus uberis mastitis isolates from Austrian small-scale dairy farms and a Slovakian large-scale farm. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1820-1830. [PMID: 31837784 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis, a major mastitis pathogen associated with intramammary infections (IMI), can be found ubiquitously in the cow's environment. Although Strep. uberis is reported to be susceptible to most antimicrobials, in practice poor responses to treatment and recurrent mastitis are observed. This can be explained by reinfection or by persistence of strains. We hypothesized that among a heterogeneous group of Strep. uberis mastitis isolates, some predominant host-adapted clones might be recurrently isolated from IMI. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to determine the Strep. uberis genotype variety found among small-scale dairy herds (127 Austrian dairy farms) and compare this with a large-scale herd (a Slovakian dairy farm). We determined the occurrence and strain diversity of Strep. uberis (n = 309) isolates using molecular analysis. Streptococcus uberis isolates from aseptically collected quarter milk samples were genotypically characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing. The Strep. uberis strain set covered isolates from 4 Austrian federal areas [Lower Austria (n = 67), Upper Austria (n = 8), Salzburg (n = 51), and Styria (n = 1)] and the Bratislava Region of Slovakia (n = 1). The PFGE analysis resulted in 187 SmaI profiles with 151 unique profiles. Simpson's index of diversity was 0.988. Individual cows (n = 17) harbored up to 3 different PFGE types in the udder. Dairy cows shared distinct PFGE types within a farm. Seven PFGE types were widely distributed among Austrian dairy farms. In the Slovakian farm, 10 predominant PFGE types were recurrently isolated from the same quarters; these genotypes were assigned as persisters. We identified novel sequence types (ST) using multilocus sequence typing related to the global clonal complexes ST5 and ST143. We concluded that Strep. uberis IMI are caused by strains with a wide heterogeneity of PFGE types. This large number of unique subtypes indicates a high diversity of Strep. uberis in the environment. In the large herd, molecular epidemiological results revealed that specific strains might be involved in contagious transmission events and potentially lead to persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Wald
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Gutschireiter
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department of Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Bazzanella
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Lichtmannsperger
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department of Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department of Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Li L, Chen X, Chen Z. Identification of Key Candidate Genes in Dairy Cow in Response to Escherichia coli Mastitis by Bioinformatical Analysis. Front Genet 2019; 10:1251. [PMID: 31921295 PMCID: PMC6915111 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, bovine mastitis is one of the most costly diseases affecting animal health and welfare. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is considered to be one of the main pathogens causing mastitis with clinical signs in dairy cattle. However, the cure rate of E. coli mastitis is low, and the pathogenesis of E. coli mastitis is not completely known. In order to develop new strategies for the rapid detection of E. coli mastitis, a comprehensive molecular investigation of E. coli mastitis is necessary. Hence, this study integrated three microarray data sets to identify the potential key candidate genes in dairy cow in response to E. coli mastitis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in mammary gland tissues with live E. coli infection. Furthermore, the pathways enrichment of DEGs were analyzed, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was performed. In total, 105 shared DEGs were identified from the three data sets. The DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes mainly involved in immunity. The PPI network of DEGs was constructed with 102 nodes and 546 edges. The module with the highest score through MCODE analysis was filtered from PPI; 18 central node genes were identified. However, in addition to immune-related pathways, some of the 18 DEGs were involved in signaling pathways triggered by other diseases. Considering the specificity of biomarkers for rapid detection, IL8RB, CXCL6, and MMP9 were identified as the most potential biomarker for E. coli mastitis. In conclusion, the novel DEGs and pathways identified in this study can help to improve the diagnosis and treatment strategies for E. coli mastitis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liabin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Hanzhong, Hanzhong, China
| | - Zeshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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