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Artimovič P, Špaková I, Macejková E, Pribulová T, Rabajdová M, Mareková M, Zavacká M. The ability of microRNAs to regulate the immune response in ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory pathways. Genes Immun 2024; 25:277-296. [PMID: 38909168 PMCID: PMC11327111 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating the immune responses induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Through their ability to modulate gene expression, microRNAs adjust immune responses by targeting specific genes and signaling pathways. This review focuses on the impact of microRNAs on the inflammatory pathways triggered during ischemia/reperfusion injury and highlights their ability to modulate inflammation, playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dysregulated expression of microRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury, therefore targeting specific microRNAs offers an opportunity to restore immune homeostasis and improve patient outcomes. Understanding the complex network of immunoregulatory microRNAs could provide novel therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating excessive inflammation and preserving tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Artimovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Špaková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ema Macejková
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Timea Pribulová
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Rabajdová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Zavacká
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia.
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2
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Cai X, Qian M, Zhang K, Li Y, Chang B, Chen M. Profiling and Bioinformatics Analyses of Hypoxia-Induced Differential Expression of Long Non-coding RNA in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:3052-3070. [PMID: 38066404 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironments are intricately linked to malignant characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the progression of GBM and closely associated with hypoxia. Nevertheless, the differential expression profiles as well as functional roles of lncRNAs in GBM cells under hypoxic conditions remain largely obscure. We explored the expression profiles of lncRNAs in hypoxic U87 cells as well as T98G cells using sequencing analysis. The effect of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) was assessed through bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, the expression of lncRNAs significantly dysregulated in both U87 and T98G cells was further validated using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Relevant cell functional experiments were also conducted. We used predicted RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to construct an interaction network via the interaction prediction module. U87 and T98G cells showed dysregulation of 1115 and 597 lncRNAs, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that altered lncRNA expression was associated with nucleotide-excision repair and cell metabolism in GBM cells. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed the association between dysregulated lncRNAs and the Hippo signaling pathway under hypoxia. The dysregulation of six selected lncRNAs (ENST00000371192, uc003tnq.3, ENST00000262952, ENST00000609350, ENST00000610036, and NR_046262) was validated by qRT-PCR. Investigation of lncRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA networks centered on HIF-1α demonstrated cross-talk between the six validated lncRNAs and 16 related miRNAs. Functional experiments showed the significant inhibition of GBM cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by the knockdown of uc003tnq.3 in vitro. Additionally, uc003tnq.3 was used to construct a comprehensive RBP-transcription factor (TF)-miRNA interaction network. The expression of LncRNAs was dysregulated in GBM cells under hypoxic conditions. The identified six lncRNAs might exert important effect on the development of GBM under hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mengshu Qian
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kong Jiang Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Xuzhou City Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bowen Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lu Jiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Zhuang X, Gallo G, Sharma P, Ha J, Magri A, Borrmann H, Harris JM, Tsukuda S, Bentley E, Kirby A, de Neck S, Yang H, Balfe P, Wing PA, Matthews D, Harris AL, Kipar A, Stewart JP, Bailey D, McKeating JA. Hypoxia inducible factors inhibit respiratory syncytial virus infection by modulation of nucleolin expression. iScience 2024; 27:108763. [PMID: 38261926 PMCID: PMC10797196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a global healthcare problem, causing respiratory illness in young children and elderly individuals. Our knowledge of the host pathways that define susceptibility to infection and disease severity are limited. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) define metabolic responses to low oxygen and regulate inflammatory responses in the lower respiratory tract. We demonstrate a role for HIFs to suppress RSV entry and RNA replication. We show that hypoxia and HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors reduce the expression of the RSV entry receptor nucleolin and inhibit viral cell-cell fusion. We identify a HIF regulated microRNA, miR-494, that regulates nucleolin expression. In RSV-infected mice, treatment with the clinically approved HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor, Daprodustat, reduced the level of infectious virus and infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils in the lung. This study highlights a role for HIF-signalling to limit multiple aspects of RSV infection and associated inflammation and informs future therapeutic approaches for this respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Bentley
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Kirby
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon de Neck
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongbing Yang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A.C. Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cartiaux B, Deviers A, Delmas C, Abadie J, Pumarola Battle M, Cohen-Jonathan Moyal E, Mogicato G. Evaluation of in vitro intrinsic radiosensitivity and characterization of five canine high-grade glioma cell lines. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1253074. [PMID: 38098992 PMCID: PMC10720585 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1253074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in dogs and predominantly affects brachycephalic breeds. Diagnosis relies on CT or MRI imaging, and the proposed treatments include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy depending on the tumor's location. Canine glioma from domestic dogs could be used as a more powerful model to study radiotherapy for human glioma than the murine model. Indeed, (i) contrary to mice, immunocompetent dogs develop spontaneous glioma, (ii) the canine brain structure is closer to human than mice, and (iii) domestic dogs are exposed to the same environmental factors than humans. Moreover, imaging techniques and radiation therapy used in human medicine can be applied to dogs, facilitating the direct transposition of results. The objective of this study is to fully characterize 5 canine glioma cell lines and to evaluate their intrinsic radiosensitivity. Canine cell lines present numerous analogies between the data obtained during this study on different glioma cell lines in dogs. Cell morphology is identical, such as doubling time, clonality test and karyotype. Immunohistochemical study of surface proteins, directly on cell lines and after stereotaxic injection in mice also reveals close similarity. Radiosensitivity profile of canine glial cells present high profile of radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cartiaux
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Deviers
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Delmas
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- IUCT-oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris, Nantes, France
| | - Martí Pumarola Battle
- Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- IUCT-oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Giovanni Mogicato
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Varvil MS, dos Santos AP. A review on microRNA detection and expression studies in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1261085. [PMID: 37869503 PMCID: PMC10585042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1261085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Their stability and abundance in tissue and body fluids makes them promising potential tools for both the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and attractive therapeutic targets in humans and dogs. Studies of miRNA expression in normal and disease processes in dogs are scarce compared to studies published on miRNA expression in human disease. In this literature review, we identified 461 peer-reviewed papers from database searches using the terms "canine," "dog," "miRNA," and "microRNA"; we screened 244 for inclusion criteria and then included a total of 148 original research peer-reviewed publications relating to specific miRNA expression in canine samples. We found an overlap of miRNA expression changes between the four groups evaluated (normal processes, non-infectious and non-inflammatory conditions, infectious and/or inflammatory conditions, and neoplasia) in 39 miRNAs, 83 miRNAs in three of the four groups, 110 miRNAs in two of the three groups, where 158 miRNAs have only been reported in one of the groups. Additionally, the mechanism of action of these overlapping miRNAs varies depending on the disease process, elucidating a need for characterization of the mechanism of action of each miRNA in each disease process being evaluated. Herein we also draw attention to the lack of standardization of miRNA evaluation, consistency within a single evaluation method, and the need for standardized methods for a direct comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara S. Varvil
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Andrea Pires dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Schrock MS, Zalenski AA, Tallman MM, Kollin L, Bratasz A, Weeks G, Miller MA, Sweeney CN, Pluhar GE, Olin MR, Kisseberth WC, Bentley RT, Dickinson PJ, York D, Webb A, Wang X, Moore S, Venere M, Summers MK. Establishment and characterization of two novel patient-derived lines from canine high-grade glioma. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:492-502. [PMID: 37254642 PMCID: PMC10524959 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-grade glioma is an aggressive cancer that occurs naturally in pet dogs. Canine high-grade glioma (cHGG) is treated with radiation, chemotherapy or surgery, but has no curative treatment. Within the past eight years, there have been advances in our imaging and histopathology standards as well as genetic charactereization of cHGG. However, there are only three cHGG cell lines publicly available, all of which were derived from astrocytoma and established using methods involving expansion of tumour cells in vitro on plastic dishes. In order to provide more clinically relevant cell lines for studying cHGG in vitro, the goal of this study was to establish cHGG patient-derived lines, whereby cancer cells are expanded in vivo by injecting cells into immunocompromized laboratory mice. The cells are then harvested from mice and used for in vitro studies. This method is the standard in the human field and has been shown to minimize the acquisition of genetic alterations and gene expression changes from the original tumour. Through a multi-institutional collaboration, we describe our methods for establishing two novel cHGG patient-derived lines, Boo-HA and Mo-HO, from a high-grade astrocytoma and a high-grade oligodendroglioma, respectively. We compare our novel lines to G06-A, J3T-Bg, and SDT-3G (traditional cHGG cell lines) in terms of proliferation and sensitivity to radiation. We also perform whole genome sequencing and identify an NF1 truncating mutation in Mo-HO. We report the characterization and availability of these novel patient-derived lines for use by the veterinary community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Schrock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abigail A Zalenski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miranda M Tallman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate, Program The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luke Kollin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Bratasz
- Small Animal Imaging Core, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Griffin Weeks
- Small Animal Imaging Core, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Margaret A Miller
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Courtney N Sweeney
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - G Elizabeth Pluhar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael R Olin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William C. Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Peter J Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Monica Venere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Hypoxia-induced autophagy in triple negative breast cancer: association with prognostic variables, patients' survival and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:823-837. [PMID: 36939902 PMCID: PMC10156790 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular response to diverse stresses within tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia. It enhances cell survival and triggers resistance to therapy. This study investigated the prognostic importance of HIF-1α and miR-210 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Also, we studied the relation between beclin-1 and Bcl-2 and their prognostic relevance in triple negative breast cancer. Furthermore, the involvement of hypoxia-related markers, beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in mediating resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in TNBC was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate HIF-1α, beclin-1 and Bcl-2 expression whereas, miR-210 mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (q-PCR) in 60 TNBC patients. High HIF-1α expression was related to larger tumors, grade III cases, positive lymphovascular invasion, advanced stage, high Ki-67 and poor overall survival (OS). High miR-210 and negative Bcl-2 expression were related to nodal metastasis, advanced stage and poor OS. High beclin-1 was associated with grade III, nodal metastasis, advanced stage and poor OS. Also, high beclin-1 and negative Bcl-2 were significantly associated with high HIF-1α and high miR-210. High HIF- 1α, miR-210 and beclin-1 as well as negative Bcl-2 were inversely related to pathologic complete response following NACT. High beclin-1 and lack of Bcl-2 are significantly related to hypoxic TME in TNBC. High HIF-1α, miR-210, and beclin-1 expression together with lack of Bcl-2 are significantly associated with poor prognosis as well as poor response to NACT. HIF-1α and miR-210 could accurately predict response to NACT in TNBC.
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Peeples ES. MicroRNA therapeutic targets in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: a narrative review. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:780-788. [PMID: 35854090 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a devastating injury resulting from impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain at or around the time of birth. Despite the use of therapeutic hypothermia, more than one in four survivors suffer from major developmental disabilities-an indication of the critical need for more effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have the potential to act as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in neonatal HIBI as a step toward improving outcomes in this high-risk population. This review summarizes the current literature around the use of cord blood and postnatal circulating blood miRNA expression for diagnosis or prognosis in human infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, as well as animal studies assessing endogenous brain miRNA expression and potential for therapeutic targeting of miRNA expression for neuroprotection. Ultimately, the lack of knowledge regarding brain specificity of circulating miRNAs and the temporal variability in expression currently limit the use of miRNAs as biomarkers. However, given their broad effect profile, ease of administration, and small size allowing for effective blood-brain barrier crossing, miRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for improving brain injury and reducing developmental impairments in neonates after HIBI. IMPACT: The high morbidity and mortality of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) despite current therapies demonstrates a need for developing more sensitive biomarkers and superior therapeutic options. MicroRNAs have been evaluated both as biomarkers and therapeutic options after neonatal HIBI. The limited knowledge regarding brain specificity of circulating microRNAs and temporal variability in expression currently limit the use of microRNAs as biomarkers. Future studies comparing the neuroprotective effects of modulating microRNA expression must consider temporal changes in the endogenous expression to determine appropriate timing of therapy, while also optimizing techniques for delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Osaki T, Sunden Y, Warita K, Okamoto Y. Comparison of Characterization in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cell Models. Yonago Acta Med 2023; 66:7-18. [PMID: 36811028 PMCID: PMC9937961 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Canine mammary gland tumors can be used as predictive models for human breast cancer. There are several types of microRNAs common in human breast cancer and canine mammary gland tumors. The functions of microRNAs in canine mammary gland tumors are not well understood. Methods We compared the characterization of microRNA expression in two-dimensional and three-dimensional canine mammary gland tumor cell models. We evaluated the differences between two- and three-dimensional cultured canine mammary gland tumor SNP cells by assessing microRNA expression levels, morphology, drug sensitivity, and hypoxia. Results The expression of microRNA-210 in the three-dimensional-SNP cells was 10.19 times higher than that in the two-dimensional-SNP cells. The intracellular concentrations of doxorubicin in the two- and three-dimensional-SNP cells were 0.330 ± 0.013 and 0.290 ± 0.048 nM/mg protein, respectively. The IC50 values of doxorubicin for the two- and three-dimensional-SNP cells were 5.2 and 1.6 μM, respectively. Fluorescence of the hypoxia probe, LOX-1, was observed inside the sphere of three-dimensional-SNP cells without echinomycin but not in two-dimensional-SNP cells. The three-dimensional-SNP cells treated with echinomycin showed weak LOX-1 fluorescence. Conclusion The present study showed a clear difference in microRNA expression levels in cells cultured in a two-dimensional adherent versus a three-dimensional spheroid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Osaki
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuji Sunden
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Wagner A, Kosnacova H, Chovanec M, Jurkovicova D. Mitochondrial Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations in Cancer: Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147897. [PMID: 35887244 PMCID: PMC9321253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles managing crucial processes of cellular metabolism and bioenergetics. Enabling rapid cellular adaptation to altered endogenous and exogenous environments, mitochondria play an important role in many pathophysiological states, including cancer. Being under the control of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA), mitochondria adjust their activity and biogenesis to cell demands. In cancer, numerous mutations in mtDNA have been detected, which do not inactivate mitochondrial functions but rather alter energy metabolism to support cancer cell growth. Increasing evidence suggests that mtDNA mutations, mtDNA epigenetics and miRNA regulations dynamically modify signalling pathways in an altered microenvironment, resulting in cancer initiation and progression and aberrant therapy response. In this review, we discuss mitochondria as organelles importantly involved in tumorigenesis and anti-cancer therapy response. Tumour treatment unresponsiveness still represents a serious drawback in current drug therapies. Therefore, studying aspects related to genetic and epigenetic control of mitochondria can open a new field for understanding cancer therapy response. The urgency of finding new therapeutic regimens with better treatment outcomes underlines the targeting of mitochondria as a suitable candidate with new therapeutic potential. Understanding the role of mitochondria and their regulation in cancer development, progression and treatment is essential for the development of new safe and effective mitochondria-based therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wagner
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Dana Jurkovicova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Peeples ES, Sahar NE, Snyder W, Mirnics K. Temporal brain microRNA expression changes in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:92-100. [PMID: 34465878 PMCID: PMC9620396 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) results in significant morbidity and mortality despite current standard therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a promising therapeutic target; however, there is a paucity of data on endogenous miRNA expression of the brain after HIBI during the primary therapeutic window (6-72 h after injury). METHODS Postnatal day 9 mouse pups underwent unilateral carotid ligation+hypoxia (HIBI), sham surgery+hypoxia, or sham surgery+normoxia (controls). miRNA sequencing was performed on the ipsilateral brain of each of the three groups plus the contralateral HIBI brain at 24 and 72 h after injury. Findings were validated in eight key miRNAs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Hypoxia resulted in significant differential expression of 38 miRNAs at both time points. Mir-2137, -335, -137, and -376c were significantly altered by neonatal HIBI at 24 and 72 h, with 3 of the 4 demonstrating multiphasic expression (different direction of differential expression at 24 versus 72 h). CONCLUSIONS Our global assessment of subacute changes in brain miRNA expression after hypoxia or HIBI will advance research into targeted miRNA-based interventions. It will be important to consider the multiphasic miRNA expression patterns after HIBI to identify optimal timing for individual interventions. IMPACT This study is the first to comprehensively define endogenous brain microRNA expression changes outside of the first hours after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Mir-2137, -335, -137, and -376c were significantly altered by neonatal HIBI and therefore deserve further investigation as possible therapeutic targets. The expression profiles described will support the design of future studies attempting to develop miRNA-based interventions for infants with HIBI. At 24 h after injury, contralateral HIBI miRNA expression patterns were more similar to ipsilateral HIBI than to controls, suggesting that the contralateral brain is not an appropriate "internal control" for miRNA studies in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Namood-E Sahar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William Snyder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Karoly Mirnics
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Foiani G, Guelfi G, Mandara MT. MicroRNA Dysregulation in Canine Meningioma: RT-qPCR Analysis of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Samples. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:769-775. [PMID: 34272938 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in tumorigenesis as modulators of cell signaling pathways. miRNA expression has been found to be dysregulated in several human and canine tumors, but data are not yet available on canine meningioma. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 12 miRNAs (i.e. miR-335, miR-200a, miR-98, miR-96, miR-190a, miR-29c, miR-219-5p, miR-155, miR-146a, miR-145, miR-136, miR-451) by RT-qPCR in a series of 41 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine meningiomas, and normal arachnoid samples. We identified 8 dysregulated miRNAs that might be involved in canine meningioma pathogenesis. Five miRNAs (i.e. miR-96, miR-145, miR-335, miR-200a, miR-29c), were downregulated in tumor samples and 3 (i.e. miR-136, miR-155, miR-146a) were upregulated. Moreover, miR-200a was overexpressed in grade III compared to grade I and grade II meningiomas, suggesting that it might have a dual role in tumor initiation and progression. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses suggest that dysregulated miRNAs might influence cellular processes and pathways mainly involved in tumor cell migration, extracellular matrix interactions, cell proliferation, and inflammatory responses. The characterization of miRNA functions in canine meningiomas is needed to assess their potential clinical utility, also in view of the relevance of the dog as a potential spontaneous animal model of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Foiani
- From the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (GF, GG, MTM)
| | - Gabriella Guelfi
- From the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (GF, GG, MTM)
| | - Maria Teresa Mandara
- From the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (GF, GG, MTM)
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