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Pathak D, Mazumder A. A critical overview of challenging roles of medicinal plants in improvement of wound healing technology. Daru 2024; 32:379-419. [PMID: 38225520 PMCID: PMC11087437 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic diseases often hinder the natural healing process, making wound infections a prevalent clinical concern. In severe cases, complications can arise, potentially leading to fatal outcomes. While allopathic treatments offer numerous options for wound repair and management, the enduring popularity of herbal medications may be attributed to their perceived minimal side effects. Hence, this review aims to investigate the potential of herbal remedies in efficiently treating wounds, presenting a promising alternative for consideration. METHODS A literature search was done including research, reviews, systematic literature review, meta-analysis, and clinical trials considered. Search engines such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used while retrieving data. Keywords like Wound healing 'Wound healing and herbal combinations', 'Herbal wound dressing', Nanotechnology and Wound dressing were used. RESULT This review provides valuable insights into the role of natural products and technology-based formulations in the treatment of wound infections. It evaluates the use of herbal remedies as an effective approach. Various active principles from herbs, categorized as flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and phenolic compounds, have shown effectiveness in promoting wound closure. A multitude of herbal remedies have demonstrated significant efficacy in wound management, offering an additional avenue for care. The review encompasses a total of 72 studies, involving 127 distinct herbs (excluding any common herbs shared between studies), primarily belonging to the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apiaceae. In research, rat models were predominantly utilized to assess wound healing activities. Furthermore, advancements in herbal-based formulations using nanotechnology-based wound dressing materials, such as nanofibers, nanoemulsions, nanofiber mats, polymeric fibers, and hydrogel-based microneedles, are underway. These innovations aim to enhance targeted drug delivery and expedite recovery. Several clinical-based experimental studies have already been documented, evaluating the efficacy of various natural products for wound care and management. This signifies a promising direction in the field of wound treatment. CONCLUSION In recent years, scientists have increasingly utilized evidence-based medicine and advanced scientific techniques to validate the efficacy of herbal medicines and delve into the underlying mechanisms of their actions. However, there remains a critical need for further research to thoroughly understand how isolated chemicals extracted from herbs contribute to the healing process of intricate wounds, which may have life-threatening consequences. This ongoing research endeavor holds great promise in not only advancing our understanding but also in the development of innovative formulations that expedite the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Pathak
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), 19 Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, UP, 201306, India.
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), 19 Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, UP, 201306, India
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Spasojević D, Zmejkoski D, Matić NM, Krnjaić D, Radotić K. Therapeutic potential of low-molecular weight lignin model polymer fractions for treating skin lesions in animals: a pilot study. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:591-596. [PMID: 37737468 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and resistance to antibiotics are increasingly severe problems. In recent years, Staphylococcus species have emerged as important pathogens in animals and humans. Current therapeutic methods against these species have serious disadvantages; therefore new agents with antibacterial potential, such as plant-based substances, are very important in therapy. We report a pilot study with new method of fractioning the dehydrogenate polymer DHP obtained from coniferyl alcohol and application of the low-MW fractions of 200-3000 Da for antibacterial activity in healing animal lesions. In vivo experiments were conducted on the dogs having a skin lesion. Dogs were treated with the suspension containing the low-MW DHP fractions as the active ingredient, in combination with alginate for 7 days. Cytological smears and microbiological analyses of the affected area were performed. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from lesions in all dogs from our research. The results show that the low-MW DHP suspension in alginate promotes skin healing and reduction of the infection of the lesions in the affected animals. Pharmaceutical composition containing the low-MW DHP fractions exerts a soothing effect on the subject in wound treatment. Reduction in the number of bacteria by 30% and more were noticed in 6 dogs, while in 4 dogs this percentage is above 50%. No side effects were noticed. Synthesized lignin oligomers may have a significant place as antimicrobial and skin healing agents, especially since an increasing number of multidrug-resistant staphylococci are found on the skin lesions in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Spasojević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Danica Zmejkoski
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mihaila Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Natalija Milčić Matić
- Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dejan Krnjaić
- Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Radotić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Assis FFVD, Almeida Junior JSD, Moraes TMP, Varotti FDP, Moraes CC, Sartoratto A, Moraes WP, Minervino AHH. Antiplasmodial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract from Jucá ( Libidibia ferrea) Pods. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041162. [PMID: 37111647 PMCID: PMC10145024 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious and parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, which affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical areas. Recently, there have been multiple reports of drug resistance in Plasmodium populations, leading to the search for potential new active compounds against the parasite. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Jucá (Libidibia ferrea) in serial concentrations. Jucá was used in the form of a freeze-dried hydroalcoholic extract. For the cytotoxicity assay, the(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method with the WI-26VA4 human cell line was used. For the antiplasmodial activity, Plasmodium falciparum synchronized cultures were treated with serial concentrations (0.2 to 50 μg/mL) of the Jucá extract. In terms of the chemical composition of the Jucá extract, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry measurements revealed the main compounds as ellagic acid, valoneic acid dilactone, gallotannin, and gallic acid. The Jucá hydroalcoholic extract did not show cytotoxic activity per MTT, with an IC50 value greater than 100 µg/mL. Regarding the antiplasmodial activity, the Jucá extract presented an IC50 of 11.10 µg/mL with a selective index of nine. Because of its antiplasmodial activity at the tested concentrations and low toxicity, the Jucá extract is presented as a candidate for herbal medicine in the treatment of malaria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antiplasmodial activity in Jucá.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Sousa de Almeida Junior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mara Pires Moraes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Pilla Varotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Av. Sebastião G. Coelho, 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Camila Castilho Moraes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, Brazil
| | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13148-218, Brazil
| | - Waldiney Pires Moraes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, Brazil
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Zulkefli N, Che Zahari CNM, Sayuti NH, Kamarudin AA, Saad N, Hamezah HS, Bunawan H, Baharum SN, Mediani A, Ahmed QU, Ismail AFH, Sarian MN. Flavonoids as Potential Wound-Healing Molecules: Emphasis on Pathways Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054607. [PMID: 36902038 PMCID: PMC10003005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds are considered to be a serious problem that affects the healthcare sector in many countries, primarily due to diabetes and obesity. Wounds become worse because of unhealthy lifestyles and habits. Wound healing is a complicated physiological process that is essential for restoring the epithelial barrier after an injury. Numerous studies have reported that flavonoids possess wound-healing properties due to their well-acclaimed anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and antioxidant effects. They have been shown to be able to act on the wound-healing process via expression of biomarkers respective to the pathways that mainly include Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo, Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), Hedgehog, c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK), NF-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE), Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), MAPK/ERK, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, Nitric oxide (NO) pathways, etc. Hence, we have compiled existing evidence on the manipulation of flavonoids towards achieving skin wound healing, together with current limitations and future perspectives in support of these polyphenolic compounds as safe wound-healing agents, in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabilah Zulkefli
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Hafiza Sayuti
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ammar Akram Kamarudin
- UKM Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazalina Saad
- Laboratory of Cancer Research UPM-MAKNA (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Drug Discovery and Synthetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fahmi Harun Ismail
- Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.F.H.I.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Murni Nazira Sarian
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.F.H.I.); (M.N.S.)
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Zhang M, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhao J, Wang X. The potential of functionalized dressing releasing flavonoids facilitates scar-free healing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:978120. [PMID: 36262272 PMCID: PMC9573991 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.978120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scars are pathological marks left after an injury heals that inflict physical and psychological harm, especially the great threat to development and aesthetics posed by oral and maxillofacial scars. The differential expression of genes such as transforming growth factor-β, local adherent plaque kinase, and yes-related transcriptional regulators at infancy or the oral mucosa is thought to be the reason of scarless regenerative capacity after tissue defects. Currently, tissue engineering products for defect repair frequently overlook the management of postoperative scars, and inhibitors of important genes alone have negative consequences for the organism. Natural flavonoids have hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, which promote wound healing and have anti-scar properties by interfering with the transmission of key signaling pathways involved in scar formation. The combination of flavonoid-rich drug dressings provides a platform for clinical translation of compounds that aid in drug disintegration, prolonged release, and targeted delivery. Therefore, we present a review of the mechanisms and effects of flavonoids in promoting scar-free regeneration and the application of flavonoid-laden dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China,Jing Zhao,
| | - Xing Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Xing Wang,
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Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Oleoresin from the Amazonian Tree Copaifera reticulata with an Unusual Chemical Composition in Rats. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120320. [PMID: 34941847 PMCID: PMC8706095 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Copaifera reticulata Ducke is a popularly known species known as copaíba that is widely spread throughout the Amazon region. The tree yields an oleoresin which is extensively used in local traditional medicine mainly as an anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of this oleoresin obtained from a national forest in the central Amazon which presented an unusual chemical composition. The chemical composition of volatile compounds of oleoresin was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity assay was performed with a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema and air pouch assays using four different C. reticulata oleoresin concentrations (10, 100, and 400 mg/kg). The exudate was evaluated for nitrite concentration through the colorimetric method and for TNF-α, IL-1β, and PGE2 by ELISA. C. reticulata oleoresin collected in the Amazonian summer contained six major sesquiterpene compounds (β-bisabolene, cis-eudesma-6,11-diene, trans-α-bergamotene, β-selinene, α-selinene, and β-elemene) and was nontoxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, showing low acute toxicity. Different from oleoresin obtained from other sites of the Brazilian Amazon, the major volatile compound found was β-Bisabolene with 25.15%. This β-Bisabolene-rich oleoresin reduced the formation of paw edema induced by carrageenan and reduced the global number of cells in the air pouch assay, as well as exudate volume and nitrite, TNF-α, IL-1β, and prostaglandin E2 levels (p < 0.05). C. reticulata oleoresin with a high β-Bisabolene concentration showed anti-inflammatory activity, reducing vascular permeability and consequently edema formation, and thus reducing cell migration and the production of inflammatory cytokine, confirming its traditional use by local Amazonian communities.
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Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Cyperus articulatus var. nodosus Residue. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110889. [PMID: 33120980 PMCID: PMC7692590 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyperus articulatus L. is popularly known as priprioca. Its rhizomes are used as a medicine in the treatment of malaria in traditional medicine. Since priprioca oil is extracted for commercial purpose, we evaluated if the components from the priprioca residue can be a source of antiplasmodial active molecules. This study aimed to determine the in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities of the ethanolic extract of C. articulatus as an in vitro antiplasmodial agent. From the solid residue of the plant rhizomes, 40 g samples were removed and subjected to hot extraction using a Soxhlet extractor. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was determined using the W2 and 3D7 strains of P. falciparum. The phytochemical study identified the following main compounds: corymbolone (14.25%), cyclocolorenone (9.75%), and cadalene (8.36%). The extract exhibited moderate IC50 (inhibitory concentration) against the two strains of P. falciparum: 1.21 ± 0.01 against the W2 strain and 1.10 ± 0.06 µg/mL against the 3D7 strain. Our results show the therapeutic potential of priprioca residue as a low-cost antiplasmodial agent.
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