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Zewdie G, Akalu M, Tolossa W, Belay H, Deresse G, Zekarias M, Tesfaye Y. A review of foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia: epidemiological aspects, economic implications, and control strategies. Virol J 2023; 20:299. [PMID: 38102688 PMCID: PMC10724896 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects the livelihoods and productivity of livestock farmers in endemic regions. It can infect various domestic and wild animals with cloven hooves and is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae, which has seven different serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia-1. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology, economic impact, diagnosis, and control measures of FMD in Ethiopia in comparison with the global situation. The genetic and antigenic diversity of FMD viruses requires a thorough understanding for developing and applying effective control strategies in endemic areas. FMD has direct and indirect economic consequences on animal production. In Ethiopia, FMD outbreaks have led to millions of USD losses due to the restriction or rejection of livestock products in the international market. Therefore, in endemic areas, disease control depends on vaccinations to prevent animals from developing clinical disease. However, in Ethiopia, due to the presence of diverse antigenic serotypes of FMD viruses, regular and extensive molecular investigation of new field isolates is necessary to perform vaccine-matching studies to evaluate the protective potential of the vaccine strain in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Zewdie
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Mirtneh Akalu
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Department of Biotechnology, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Ap, 522502, India
| | | | - Hassen Belay
- Africa Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Center (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box: 1746, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yeneneh Tesfaye
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Mashhadi IS, Safarnejad MR, Shahmirzaie M, Aliahmadi A, Ghassempour A, Aboul-Enein HY. Determination of the epitopic peptides of fig mosaic virus and the single-chain variable fragment antibody by mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2023; 681:115319. [PMID: 37716512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of antibody-antigen interactions, through epitope mapping, enhances our understanding of antibody neutralization and antigenic determinant recognition. Epitope mapping, employing monoclonal antibodies and mass spectrometry, has emerged as a rapid and precise method to investigate viral antigenic determinants. In this report, we propose an approach to improve the accuracy of epitopic peptide interaction rate recognition. To achieve this, we investigated the interaction between the nucleocapsid protein of fig mosaic virus (FMV-NP) and single-chain variable fragment antibodies (scFv-Ab). These scFv-Ab maintain high specificity similar to whole monoclonal antibodies, but they are smaller in size. We coupled this with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The experimental design involved using two different enzymes to digest FMV-NP separately. The resulting peptides were then incubated separately with the desired scFv-Ab at different incubation times and antibody concentrations. This allowed us to monitor the relative rate of epitopic peptide interaction with the antibody. The results demonstrated that, at a 1:1 ratio and after 2 h of interaction, the residues 122-136, 148-157, and 265-276 exhibited high-rate epitopic peptide binding, with reductions in peak intensity of 78%, 21%, and 22%, respectively. Conversely, the residues 250-264 showed low-rate binding, with a 15% reduction in peak intensity. This epitope mapping approach, utilizing scFv-Ab, two different enzymes, and various incubation times, offers a precise and dependable analysis for monitoring and recognizing the binding kinetics of antigenic determinants. Furthermore, this method can be applied to study any kind of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnaz Soleimani Mashhadi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Safarnejad
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Shahmirzaie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Highway, Valiasr Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Aliahmadi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Li K, He Y, Wang L, Li P, Bao H, Huang S, Zhou S, Zhu G, Song Y, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Sun P, Bai X, Zhao Z, Lou Z, Cao Y, Lu Z, Liu Z. Conserved antigen structures and antibody-driven variations on foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A revealed by bovine neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011811. [PMID: 37983290 PMCID: PMC10695380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A is antigenically most variable within serotypes. The structures of conserved and variable antigenic sites were not well resolved. Here, a historical A/AF72 strain from A22 lineage and a latest A/GDMM/2013 strain from G2 genotype of Sea97 lineage were respectively used as bait antigen to screen single B cell antibodies from bovine sequentially vaccinated with A/WH/CHA/09 (G1 genotype of Sea97 lineage), A/GDMM/2013 and A/AF72 antigens. Total of 39 strain-specific and 5 broad neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) were isolated and characterized. Two conserved antigenic sites were revealed by the Cryo-EM structures of FMDV serotype A with two bnAbs W2 and W125. The contact sites with both VH and VL of W125 were closely around icosahedral threefold axis and covered the B-C, E-F, and H-I loops on VP2 and the B-B knob and H-I loop on VP3; while contact sites with only VH of W2 concentrated on B-B knob, B-C and E-F loops on VP3 scattering around the three-fold axis of viral particle. Additional highly conserved epitopes also involved key residues of VP158, VP1147 and both VP272 / VP1147 as determined respectively by bnAb W153, W145 and W151-resistant mutants. Furthermore, the epitopes recognized by 20 strain-specific neutralization antibodies involved the key residues located on VP3 68 for A/AF72 (11/20) and VP3 175 position for A/GDMM/2013 (9/19), respectively, which revealed antigenic variation between different strains of serotype A. Analysis of antibody-driven variations on capsid of two virus strains showed a relatively stable VP2 and more variable VP3 and VP1. This study provided important information on conserve and variable antigen structures to design broad-spectrum molecular vaccine against FMDV serotype A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Yong He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Huifang Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Shulun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Shasha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Yali Song
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Qianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Pu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Xingwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Zhixun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
| | - Zaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou (P.R. China)
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Ch'ng ACW, Schepergerdes L, Choong YS, Hust M, Lim TS. Antimicrobial antibodies by phage display: Identification of antibody-based inhibitor against mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase. Mol Immunol 2022; 150:47-57. [PMID: 35987135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence reports of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for alternative approaches to deal with bacterial infections. This brought about the idea of utilizing monoclonal antibodies as an alternative antibacterial treatment. Majority of the studies are focused on developing antibodies to bacterial surface antigens, with little emphasis on antibodies that inhibit the growth mechanisms of a bacteria host. Isocitrate lyase (ICL) is an important enzyme for the growth and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) during latent infection as a result of its involvement in the mycobacterial glyoxylate and methylisocitrate cycles. It is postulated that the inhibition of ICL can disrupt the life cycle of MTB. To this extent, we utilized antibody phage display to identify a single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against the recombinant ICL protein from MTB. The soluble a-ICL-C6 scFv clone exhibited good binding characteristics with high specificity against ICL. More importantly, the clone exhibited in vitro inhibitory effect with an enzymatic assay resulting in a decrease of ICL enzymatic activity. In silico analysis showed that the scFv-ICL interactions are driven by 23 hydrogen bonds and 13 salt bridges that might disrupt the formation of ICL subunits for the tertiary structure or the formation of active site β domain. However, further validation is necessary to confirm if the isolated clone is indeed a good inhibitor against ICL for application against MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chiew Wen Ch'ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lena Schepergerdes
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Upadhyaya S, Mahapatra M, Mioulet V, Parida S. Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013-2018) from Southeast Asia. Viruses 2021; 13:1886. [PMID: 34578467 PMCID: PMC8473337 DOI: 10.3390/v13091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals with serious economic consequences. FMD is endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA) and East Asia (EA) with the circulation of multiple serotypes, posing a threat to Australia and other FMD-free countries. Although vaccination is one of the most important control measures to prevent FMD outbreaks, the available vaccines may not be able to provide enough cross-protection against the FMD viruses (FMDVs) circulating in these countries due to the incursion of new lineages and sub-lineages as experienced in South Korea during 2010, a FMD-free country, when a new lineage of serotype O FMDV (Mya-98) spread to the country, resulting in devastating economic consequences. In this study, a total of 62 serotype O (2013-2018) viruses selected from SEA and EA countries were antigenically characterized by virus neutralization tests using three existing (O/HKN/6/83, O/IND/R2/75 and O/PanAsia-2) and one putative (O/MYA/2009) vaccine strains and full capsid sequencing. The Capsid sequence analysis revealed three topotypes, Cathay, SEA and Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) of FMDVs circulating in the region. The vaccines used in this study showed a good match with the SEA and ME-SA viruses. However, none of the recently circulating Cathay topotype viruses were protected by any of the vaccine strains, including the existing Cathay topotype vaccine (O/HKN/6/83), indicating an antigenic drift and, also the urgency to monitor this topotype in the region and develop a new vaccine strain if necessary, although currently the presence of this topotype is mainly restricted to China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam. Further, the capsid sequences of these viruses were analyzed that identified several capsid amino acid substitutions involving neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2 and 5, which either individually or together could underpin the observed antigenic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Upadhyaya
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 ONF, UK; (S.U.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Mana Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 ONF, UK; (S.U.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Valerie Mioulet
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 ONF, UK; (S.U.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Satya Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 ONF, UK; (S.U.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
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