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Molina A, Thye T, Muñoz-Vargas L, Zamora-Sanabria R, Chercos DH, Hernández-Rojas R, Robles N, Aguilar D, May J, Dekker D. Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica across the poultry production chain in Costa Rica: A cross-sectional study. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 416:110663. [PMID: 38503221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica are on the increase, worldwide. Given the scarcity of data, this study aimed to investigate its occurrence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance in Costa Rica's food chain. In total, 65 chicken meat- and 171 chicken caecal samples were collected and examined for Salmonella. High frequencies of Salmonella were found in chicken meat (58.5 %, n/N = 38/65) and poultry farms (38.0 %, n/N = 65/171). The majority of Salmonella from chicken meat (89.5 %, n/N = 34/38) and caecum samples (93.6 %, n/N = 59/63) exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Serovar Infantis was the most prevalent (94 %, n/N = 67/71), followed by serovars Anatum and Kentucky (3 %, n/N = 2/71). A pESI-like plasmid (92 %, n/N = 65/71) containing virulence and resistance markers was found in S. Infantis. Given the high prevalence of MDR Salmonella, this study emphasizes the need to enhance surveillance systems for foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in Costa Rica's food production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Molina
- Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica; Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Thye
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lohendy Muñoz-Vargas
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, 304-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Rebeca Zamora-Sanabria
- Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniel Haile Chercos
- Department of Implementation Research, One Health Bacteriology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Noelia Robles
- Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Aguilar
- Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jürgen May
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), 20359 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Luebeck-Riems, Germany; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Dekker
- Department of Implementation Research, One Health Bacteriology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Mattock J, Chattaway MA, Hartman H, Dallman TJ, Smith AM, Keddy K, Petrovska L, Manners EJ, Duze ST, Smouse S, Tau N, Timme R, Baker DJ, Mather AE, Wain J, Langridge GC. A One Health Perspective on Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis, an Emerging Human Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:701-710. [PMID: 38526070 PMCID: PMC10977846 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis presents an ever-increasing threat to public health because of its spread throughout many countries and association with high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We analyzed whole-genome sequences of 5,284 Salmonella Infantis strains from 74 countries, isolated during 1989-2020 from a wide variety of human, animal, and food sources, to compare genetic phylogeny, AMR determinants, and plasmid presence. The global Salmonella Infantis population structure diverged into 3 clusters: a North American cluster, a European cluster, and a global cluster. The levels of AMR varied by Salmonella Infantis cluster and by isolation source; 73% of poultry isolates were multidrug resistant, compared with 35% of human isolates. This finding correlated with the presence of the pESI megaplasmid; 71% of poultry isolates contained pESI, compared with 32% of human isolates. This study provides key information for public health teams engaged in reducing the spread of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Anne Chattaway
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - Hassan Hartman
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | | | - Anthony M. Smith
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - Karen Keddy
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | | | | | - Sanelisiwe T. Duze
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - Shannon Smouse
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - Nomsa Tau
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - Ruth Timme
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - Dave J. Baker
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - Alison E. Mather
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - John Wain
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
| | - Gemma C. Langridge
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (J. Mattock, E.J. Manners, A.E. Mather, J. Wain)
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK (M.A. Chattaway, H. Hartman, T.J. Dallman)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (A.M. Smith, S. Smouse, N. Tau)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Keddy)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (L. Petrovska)
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.T. Duze)
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (R. Timme)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich (D.J. Baker, A.E. Mather, J. Wain, G.C. Langridge)
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3
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Piña-Iturbe A, Díaz-Gavidia C, Álvarez FP, Barron-Montenegro R, Álvarez-Espejo DM, García P, Solís D, Constenla-Albornoz R, Toro M, Olivares-Pacheco J, Reyes-Jara A, Meng J, Bell RL, Moreno-Switt AI. Genomic characterisation of the population structure and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis in Chile, 2009-2022. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2024; 32:100711. [PMID: 38495315 PMCID: PMC10944094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Infantis has disseminated worldwide, mainly linked to the consumption of poultry products. Evidence shows dissemination of this pathogen in Chile; however, studies are primarily limited to phenotypic data or involve few isolates. As human cases of Salmonella Infantis infections have substantially increased in recent years, this study aimed to characterise the genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial-resistance profiles of isolates obtained from different sources, aiming to inform effective surveillance and control measures. Methods We sequenced 396 Salmonella Infantis genomes and analysed them with all publicly available genomes of this pathogen from Chile (440 genomes in total), representing isolates from environmental, food, animal, and human sources obtained from 2009 to 2022. Based on bioinformatic and phenotypic methods, we assessed the population structure, dissemination among different niches, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonella Infantis in the country. Findings The genomic and phylogenetic analyses showed that Salmonella Infantis from Chile comprised several clusters of highly related isolates dominated by sequence type 32. The HC20_343 cluster grouped an important proportion of all isolates. This was the only cluster associated with pESI-like megaplasmids, and up to 12 acquired AMR genes/mutations predicted to result in an MDR phenotype. Accordingly, antimicrobial-susceptibility testing revealed a strong concordance between the AMR genetic determinants and their matching phenotypic expression, indicating that a significant proportion of HC20_343 isolates produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases and have intermediate fluoroquinolone resistance. HC20_343 Salmonella Infantis were spread among environmental, animal, food, and human niches, showing a close relationship between isolates from different years and sources, and a low intra-source genomic diversity. Interpretation Our findings show a widespread dissemination of MDR Salmonella Infantis from the HC20_343 cluster in Chile. The high proportion of isolates with resistance to first-line antibiotics and the evidence of active transmission between the environment, animals, food, and humans highlight the urgency of improved surveillance and control measures in the country. As HC20_343 isolates predominate in the Americas, our results suggest a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Salmonella Infantis with intermediate fluoroquinolone resistance in the continent. Funding Partially supported by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as part of an award, FDU001818, with 30% percent funded by FDA/HHS; and by Agencia de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID) through FONDECYT de Postdoctorado Folio 3230796 and Folio 3210317, FONDECYT Regular Folio 1231082, and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2021_044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Díaz-Gavidia
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca P. Álvarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocio Barron-Montenegro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana M. Álvarez-Espejo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Doina Solís
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Constenla-Albornoz
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Ambiental y Laboral, SEREMI Salud, Región de Valparaíso, Chile
- Grupo de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Patógenas y Ambientales, GRABPA, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Magaly Toro
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Joint Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jorge Olivares-Pacheco
- Grupo de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Patógenas y Ambientales, GRABPA, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Angélica Reyes-Jara
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Bell
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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4
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Gómez-Baltazar A, Godínez-Oviedo A, Segura-García LE, Hernández-Pérez CF, Hernández-Iturriaga M, Cabrera-Díaz E. Genomic diversity of Salmonella enterica isolated from raw chicken at retail establishments in Mexico. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110526. [PMID: 38154253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The genomic diversity of circulating non-typhoidal Salmonella in raw chicken was investigated in three states of central Mexico. A total of 192 S. enterica strains from chicken meat samples collected at supermarkets, fresh markets, and butcher shops were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. The serovar distribution, occurrence of genes encoding for antimicrobial resistance, metal resistance, biocide resistance, plasmids and virulence factors, and clonal relatedness based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis were investigated. Serovars Infantis, Schwarzengrund and Enteritidis predominated among twenty identified. The distribution of serovars and proportion of AMR genes was different according to the state, year, season, and retail establishment (p < 0.001). Genes encoding metals resistance were identified in all the strains. A total of 145 virulence genes were identified and strains were classified into 32 virulotypes; serovars Infantis, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis showed the highest number of virulence genes. The strains matched 34 SNP clusters in the NCBI Pathogen Detection server and 59 %, which corresponded to Infantis, Schwarzengrund, Saintpaul, and Enteritidis, were associated with five major clusters and matched with chicken, environmental and clinical isolates from at least three countries. These results provide useful information to understand the epidemiology of Salmonella, conduct microbial risk assessment, and design risk-based control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Baltazar
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Colonia Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Qro., Mexico
| | - Angélica Godínez-Oviedo
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Colonia Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Qro., Mexico
| | - Luis Eduardo Segura-García
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Zapopan 45200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Cindy Fabiola Hernández-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Referencia en Inocuidad y Bioseguridad Agroalimentaria del SENASICA, Carretera México Pachuca Km 35.5, Tecámac. CP. 55740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Colonia Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Elisa Cabrera-Díaz
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Zapopan 45200, Jalisco, Mexico.
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5
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Tavvabi-Kashani N, Hasanpour M, Baradaran Rahimi V, Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Askari VR. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and recent advances in Eugenol's potential benefits against natural and chemical noxious agents: A mechanistic review. Toxicon 2024; 238:107607. [PMID: 38191032 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The active biological phytochemicals, crucial compounds employed in creating hundreds of medications, are derived from valuable and medicinally significant plants. These phytochemicals offer excellent protection from various illnesses, including inflammatory disorders and chronic conditions caused by oxidative stress. A phenolic monoterpenoid known as eugenol (EUG), it is typically found in the essential oils of many plant species from the Myristicaceae, Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae, and Lauraceae families. One of the main ingredients of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum (L.), Myrtaceae), it has several applications in industry, including flavoring food, pharmaceutics, dentistry, agriculture, and cosmeceuticals. Due to its excellent potential for avoiding many chronic illnesses, it has lately attracted attention. EUG has been classified as a nonmutant, generally acknowledged as a safe (GRAS) chemical by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the existing research, EUG possesses notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, and apoptosis-promoting properties, which have lately gained attention for its ability to control chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial malfunction and dramatically impact human wellness. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence from the most significant research studies that have been published regarding the protective role and detoxifying effects of EUG against a wide range of toxins, including biological and chemical toxins, as well as different drugs and pesticides that produce a variety of toxicities, throughout view of the possible advantages of EUG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Tavvabi-Kashani
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Vahdati-Mashhadian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Diamant I, Adani B, Sylman M, Rahav G, Gal-Mor O. The transcriptional regulation of the horizontally acquired iron uptake system, yersiniabactin and its contribution to oxidative stress tolerance and pathogenicity of globally emerging salmonella strains. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2369339. [PMID: 38962965 PMCID: PMC11225919 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2369339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial species Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is a highly diverse pathogen containing more than 2600 distinct serovars, which can infect a wide range of animal and human hosts. Recent global emergence of multidrug resistant strains, from serovars Infantis and Muenchen is associated with acquisition of the epidemic megaplasmid, pESI that augments antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity. One of the main pESI's virulence factors is the potent iron uptake system, yersiniabactin encoded by fyuA, irp2-irp1-ybtUTE, ybtA, and ybtPQXS gene cluster. Here we show that yersiniabactin, has an underappreciated distribution among different S. enterica serovars and subspecies, integrated in their chromosome or carried by different conjugative plasmids, including pESI. While the genetic organization and the coding sequence of the yersiniabactin genes are generally conserved, a 201-bp insertion sequence upstream to ybtA, was identified in pESI. Despite this insertion, pESI-encoded yersiniabactin is regulated by YbtA and the ancestral Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur), which binds directly to the ybtA and irp2 promoters. Furthermore, we show that yersiniabactin genes are specifically induced during the mid-late logarithmic growth phase and in response to iron-starvation or hydrogen peroxide. Concurring, yersiniabactin was found to play a previously unknown role in oxidative stress tolerance and to enhance intestinal colonization of S. Infantis in mice. These results indicate that yersiniabactin contributes to Salmonella fitness and pathogenicity in vivo and is likely to play a role in the rapid dissemination of pESI among globally emerging Salmonella lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imbar Diamant
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boaz Adani
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Meir Sylman
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Gal-Mor
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Mejía L, Espinosa-Mata E, Freire AL, Zapata S, González-Candelas F. Listeria monocytogenes, a silent foodborne pathogen in Ecuador. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1278860. [PMID: 38179446 PMCID: PMC10764610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can produce serious, even fatal, infections. Among other foods, it can be found in unpasteurized dairy and ready-to-eat products. Surveillance of L. monocytogenes is of great interest since sources of infection are difficult to determine due to the long incubation period, and because the symptoms of listeriosis are similar to other diseases. We performed a genomic study of L. monocytogenes isolated from fresh cheeses and clinical samples from Ecuador. Sixty-five isolates were evaluated and sequenced, 14 isolates from cheese samples and 20 from clinical listeriosis cases from the National Institute of National Institute of Public Health Research, and 31 isolates from artisanal cheese samples from 8 provinces. All isolates exhibited heterogeneous patterns of the presence of pathogenicity islands. All isolates exhibited at least 4 genes from LIPI-1, but all references (26 L. monocytogenes closed genomes available in the NCBI database) showed the complete island, which encompasses 5 genes but is present in only two Ecuadorian isolates. Most isolates lacked gene actA. Genes from LIPI-2 were absent in all isolates. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were present in only a few references and isolates. With respect to the stress survival islets, our samples either presented SSI-1 or SSI-F2365, except for one isolate that presented SSI-F2365 and also one gene from SSI-1. None of the samples presented SSI-2. The predominant ST (sequence type) was ST2 (84.62% 55/65), and the only ST found in food (93.33% 42/45) and clinical samples (65% 13/20). Isolates were not grouped according to their sampling origin, date, or place in a phylogenetic tree obtained from the core alignment. The presence of ST2 in food and clinical samples, with high genomic similarity, suggests a foodborne infection risk linked to the consumption of fresh cheeses in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mejía
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Espinosa-Mata
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Lucía Freire
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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Vinueza-Burgos C, Medina-Santana J, Maldonado R, Vásquez Y, Lincango L, Villagomez E, Gómez C, Ron-Garrido L, Cevallos-Almeida MB. Evaluation of Virulence of Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis with In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:484-491. [PMID: 37668605 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Infantis and Enteritidis serovars have been reported as important causes of salmonellosis in humans worldwide. However, the virulence of these two serovars has yet to be compared. To evaluate the virulence of Salmonella Infantis (n = 23) and Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 7), we used two models: the Caco2 cells model (in vitro) and the Galleria mellonella model (in vivo). Additionally, the virulence genes of all tested strains were contrasted with phenotypic outcomes. Results showed that adhesion means were 18.2% for Salmonella Enteritidis and 38.2% for Salmonella Infantis strains. Invasion means were 77.1% for Salmonella Enteritidis and 56.2% for Salmonella Infantis strains. Significant differences were found between serovars in adherence and invasion assays. Mortality rates (58% for Salmonella Enteritidis and 62.6% for Salmonella Infantis) were not significantly different between serotypes. The distribution of virulence genes showed that genes fae (fimbrial adherence determinants) and shdA (nonfimbrial adherence determinants) were only found in Salmonella Infantis strains. On the other hand, the rck gene (invasion) and Plasmid-encoded fimbriae genes (pef A, B, C, D) were present in Salmonella Enteritidis exclusively. In conclusion, this study shows that Salmonella Enteritidis has a higher virulence potential under experimental conditions than Salmonella Infantis. However, more studies are needed to determine the risk that Salmonella Infantis could represent compared with Salmonella Enteritidis. Moreover, other in vivo models should be considered to assess the virulence of these serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jose Medina-Santana
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ruben Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal Agencia de Regulación y Control Fito y Zoosanitario, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yuly Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lisseth Lincango
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emilia Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Ron-Garrido
- Centro Internacional de Zoonosis, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Belén Cevallos-Almeida
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Vargas DA, Betancourt-Barszcz GK, Chávez-Velado DR, Sánchez A, Bueno López R, Sanchez-Plata MX. Bio-Mapping of Microbial Indicators and Pathogen Quantitative Loads in Commercial Broiler Processing Facilities in South America. Foods 2023; 12:3600. [PMID: 37835253 PMCID: PMC10572331 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A bio-mapping study was conducted with the aim of creating a microbiological baseline on indicator organisms and pathogens in commercial broiler processing facilities located in a country in South America. Whole chicken carcass and wing rinses were collected from five stages of the poultry processing line: live receiving (LR), rehanger (R), post-evisceration (PE), post-chilling (PC), and wings (W). Rinses (n = 150) were enumerated using the MicroSnap™ system for total viable counts (TVC) and Enterobacteriaceae (EB), while the BAX®-System-SalQuant® and BAX®-System-CampyQuant™ were used for Salmonella and Campylobacter, respectively. TVC and EB were significantly different between stages at the processing line (p < 0.01). There was a significant reduction from LR to PC for both microbial indicators. TVC and EB counts increased significantly from PC to W. Salmonella counts at PC were significantly different from the other stages at the processing line (p = 0.03). Campylobacter counts were significantly higher than the other stages at PC (p < 0.01). The development of bio-mapping baselines with microbial indicators showed consistent reduction up to the post-chilling stage, followed by an increase at the wings sampling location. The quantification of pathogens demonstrates that prevalence analysis as a sole measurement of food safety is not sufficient to evaluate the performance of processing operations and sanitary dressing procedures in commercial processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (D.A.V.); (G.K.B.-B.); (D.R.C.-V.); (A.S.); (R.B.L.)
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10
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Liao YS, Wei HL, Kuo HC, Chen BH, Wang YW, Teng RH, Hong YP, Chang JH, Liang SY, Tsao CS, Chiou CS. Chromosome-Borne CTX-M-65 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1634-1637. [PMID: 37486207 PMCID: PMC10370839 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.230472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A CTX-M-65‒producing Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone, probably originating in Latin America and initially reported in the United States, has emerged in Taiwan. Chicken meat is the most likely primary carrier. Four of the 9 drug resistance genes have integrated into the chromosome: blaCTX-M-65, tet(A), sul1, and aadA1.
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Montoro-Dasi L, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Marco-Fuertes A, Vega S, Marin C. Holistic Strategies to Control Salmonella Infantis: An Emerging Challenge in the European Broiler Sector. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1765. [PMID: 37512937 PMCID: PMC10386103 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. has been globally recognized as one of the leading causes of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of animal-derived products. Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and its monophasic variant are the main serovars responsible for human disease. However, a serovar known as S. Infantis has emerged as the fourth most prevalent serovar associated with human disease. A total of 95% of isolated S. Infantis serovars originate from broilers and their derived products. This serovar is strongly associated with an elevated antimicrobial (AMR) and multidrug resistance, a resistance to disinfectants, an increased tolerance to environmental mercury, a heightened virulence, and an enhanced ability to form biofilms and attach to host cells. Furthermore, this serovar harbors genes that confer resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic in human medicine, and it has the potential to acquire additional transferable AMR against other critically important antimicrobials, posing a new and significant challenge to global public health. This review provides an overview of the current status of the S. Infantis serovar in the poultry sector, focusing on its key virulence factors, including its virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Additionally, novel holistic strategies for controlling S. Infantis along the entire food chain are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Srednik ME, Morningstar-Shaw BR, Hicks JA, Tong C, Mackie TA, Schlater LK. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis capture the emergence of a multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone from diagnostic animal samples in the United States. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1166908. [PMID: 37333652 PMCID: PMC10272548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1166908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salmonella enterica is a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. A multi-drug resistant (MDR) emergent Salmonella Infantis (ESI) with a megaplasmid (pESI) was first identified in Israel and Italy and subsequently reported worldwide. The ESI clone carrying an extended spectrum β-lactamase blaCTX-M-65 on a pESI-like plasmid and a mutation in the gyrA gene has recently been found in the United States in poultry meat. Methods We analyzed the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, genomics and phylogeny of 200 S. infantis isolates from animal diagnostic samples. Results Of these, 33.5% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 19.5% were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Eleven isolates from different animal sources were phenotypically and genetically similar to the ESI clone. These isolates had a D87Y mutation in the gyrA gene conferring reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and harbored a combination of 6-10 resistance genes: blaCTX-M-65, aac(3)-IVa, aadA1, aph(4)-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, floR, sul1, dfrA14, tetA, and fosA. These 11 isolates carried class I and class II integrons and three virulence genes: sinH, involved in adhesion and invasion, ybtQ and ybtP, associated with iron transport. These isolates were also closely related to each other (separated by 7 to 27 SNPs) and phylogenetically related to the ESI clone recently found in the U.S. Discussion This dataset captured the emergence of the MDR ESI clone in multiple animal species and the first report of a pESI-like plasmid in isolates from horses in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela E. Srednik
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Brenda R. Morningstar-Shaw
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jessica A. Hicks
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Christopher Tong
- Center for Veterinary Biologics, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tonya A. Mackie
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Linda K. Schlater
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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Zheng S, Zhao X, Huang J, Tian Q, Xu S, Bo R, Liu M, Li J. Eugenol alleviates Salmonella Typhimurium-infected cecal injury by modulating cecal flora and tight junctions accompanied by suppressing inflammation. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106113. [PMID: 37062493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) mainly exists in poultry and poultry related products, which are common sources of human salmonellosis. So, ST is an important zoonotic pathogen that threatens public health and safety. Eugenol has been noted for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is expected to develop into an antibacterial therapy in vivo. METHODS Herein, the effects of eugenol against ST infection in terms of intestinal flora, cecal tight junction, and cecal inflammation in broilers was evaluated in this study. RESULTS The results showed that oral eugenol pretreatment obviously relieved the histopathological changes and ultrastructural injury of cecum caused by ST infection. Further analysis found that eugenol lessened the number of ST in the cecum, restrained Proteobacteria and Ruminococcus, and kept the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B), improved the relative abundance of Alistipes compared to the infection control. Moreover, eugenol sustained the expression of ZO-1, claudin-1, and occluding tight junction proteins, reduced the mRNA levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS), suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα in the NF-κB signaling pathway, as well as the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-18 in the cecum tissue. CONCLUSION Taken together, eugenol could protect broilers against ST infection via maintaining intestinal flora, tight junctions involved in mucosal barrier function, then accordingly limiting the excessive inflammation, finally contributed to improving relative weight gains and survival rates of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuMei Zheng
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - JunJie Huang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - QiMing Tian
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - ShuYa Xu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - RuoNan Bo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - MingJiang Liu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - JinGui Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
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14
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Rasamsetti S, Shariat NW. Biomapping salmonella serovar complexity in broiler carcasses and parts during processing. Food Microbiol 2023; 110:104149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Krüger GI, Pardo-Esté C, Zepeda P, Olivares-Pacheco J, Galleguillos N, Suarez M, Castro-Severyn J, Alvarez-Thon L, Tello M, Valdes JH, Saavedra CP. Mobile genetic elements drive the multidrug resistance and spread of Salmonella serotypes along a poultry meat production line. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1072793. [PMID: 37007466 PMCID: PMC10061128 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1072793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of mobile genetic elements in Salmonella isolated from a chicken farm constitutes a potential risk for the appearance of emerging bacteria present in the food industry. These elements contribute to increased pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance through genes that are related to the formation of biofilms and resistance genes contained in plasmids, integrons, and transposons. One hundred and thirty-three Salmonella isolates from different stages of the production line, such as feed manufacturing, hatchery, broiler farm, poultry farm, and slaughterhouse, were identified, serotyped and sequenced. The most predominant serotype was Salmonella Infantis. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the diversity and spread of strains in the pipeline are serotype-independent, and that isolates belonging to the same serotype are very closely related genetically. On the other hand, Salmonella Infantis isolates carried the pESI IncFIB plasmid harboring a wide variety of resistance genes, all linked to mobile genetic elements, and among carriers of these plasmids, the antibiograms showed differences in resistance profiles and this linked to a variety in plasmid structure, similarly observed in the diversity of Salmonella Heidelberg isolates carrying the IncI1-Iα plasmid. Mobile genetic elements encoding resistance and virulence genes also contributed to the differences in gene content. Antibiotic resistance genotypes were matched closely by the resistance phenotypes, with high frequency of tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins resistance. In conclusion, the contamination in the poultry industry is described throughout the entire production line, with mobile genetic elements leading to multi-drug resistant bacteria, thus promoting survival when challenged with various antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel I. Krüger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Phillippi Zepeda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Olivares-Pacheco
- Grupo de Resistencia Antibacteriana en Bacterias Patógenas Ambientales GRABPA, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nicolas Galleguillos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Suarez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Tello
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge H. Valdes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia P. Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia P. Saavedra,
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Amancha G, Celis Y, Irazabal J, Falconi M, Villacis K, Thekkur P, Nair D, Perez F, Verdonck K. High levels of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from poultry in Ecuador. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e15. [PMID: 37082534 PMCID: PMC10105606 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasses and the antimicrobials commonly used in animals in Ecuador and provide information on antimicrobial resistance patterns for implementing evidence-based corrective measures. Methods Meat samples were collected from chicken carcasses in 199 slaughterhouses across Ecuador as part of a national pilot study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in agricultural sources in 2019. Samples were tested for E. coli and Salmonella spp. Sensitivity to 10 critically important and three highly important antimicrobials (from a human health perspective) was assessed. The country report submitted to the World Organization for Animal Health was accessed to extract the quantity of antimicrobials produced or imported for use in animals. Results Of 383 samples, E. coli was isolated from 148 (39%) and Salmonella spp. from 20 (5%) samples. Ninety percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one critically important antimicrobial. Resistance was highest to erythromycin (E. coli 76%; Salmonella spp. 85%) and tetracycline (E. coli 71%; Salmonella spp. 90%). Critically or highly important antimicrobials (colistin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) formed the bulk (87%) of antimicrobials used in animals as per the World Organization for Animal Health report. Conclusions High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in poultry in Ecuador calls for the development of guidelines and regulations on the use of antimicrobials and for engagement with livestock producers. The existing surveillance system needs to be strengthened to improve the monitoring of antimicrobial use and evolving resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanna Amancha
- Agency for Plant and Animal Health Regulation and Control (Agrocalidad)QuitoEcuadorAgency for Plant and Animal Health Regulation and Control (Agrocalidad), Quito, Ecuador
- Geovanna Amancha,
| | - Yamile Celis
- Pan American Health OrganizationBogotáColombiaPan American Health Organization, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Irazabal
- Agency for Plant and Animal Health Regulation and Control (Agrocalidad)QuitoEcuadorAgency for Plant and Animal Health Regulation and Control (Agrocalidad), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mercy Falconi
- Agency for Plant and Animal Health Regulation and Control (Agrocalidad)QuitoEcuadorAgency for Plant and Animal Health Regulation and Control (Agrocalidad), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karla Villacis
- Agency for Plant and Animal Health Regulation and Control (Agrocalidad)QuitoEcuadorAgency for Plant and Animal Health Regulation and Control (Agrocalidad), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pruthu Thekkur
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFranceInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Divya Nair
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFranceInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Freddy Perez
- Pan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazilFederal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kristien Verdonck
- Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgiumInstitute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Manzari M, Fani F, Alebouyeh M, Moaddeli A, Rahnamaye Farzami M, Amin Shahidi M, Shekarforoush SS. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains from food animals as a potential source for human infection in Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Retamal P, Gaspar J, Benavides MB, Saenz L, Galarce N, Aravena T, Cornejo J, Lapierre L. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors in Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from pigs and chickens in central Chile. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:971246. [PMID: 36204291 PMCID: PMC9530323 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.971246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a food-borne pathogen with a wide host-range that during decades has been of public health concern in developed and developing countries. In Chile, the poultry and pig industries represent the biggest contribution of meat consumption in the population, and sanitary regulations have been imposed for Salmonella control. The aim of this work was to determine and characterize Salmonella strains isolated from pigs and chicken raised on commercials farms in Chile. For this, isolates belonging to pigs (n = 46) and poultry (n = 57) were genotyped by two multiplex PCR reactions and virulotyped by the PCR detection of virulence-associated genes. In addition, isolates were serotyped and analyzed by the Kirby Bauer assay to determine their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. From these analyses 52 genotypes, six serotypes and several multidrug resistance phenotypes and different combinations of virulence-associated genes were detected. These results suggest that S. enterica in pigs and poultry in central Chile should be monitored due to potential consequences in public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Retamal
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquim Gaspar
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Magister en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Belén Benavides
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Magister en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Saenz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Galarce
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Trinidad Aravena
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Javiera Cornejo
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Lisette Lapierre
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19
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Mattock J, Smith AM, Keddy KH, Manners EJ, Duze ST, Smouse S, Tau N, Baker D, Chattaway MA, Mather AE, Wain J, Langridge GC. Genetic characterization of Salmonella Infantis from South Africa, 2004-2016. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000371. [PMID: 36003217 PMCID: PMC9394735 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Infantis is presenting an increasing risk to public health. Of particular concern are the reports of pESI, a multidrug resistance (MDR) encoding megaplasmid, in isolates from multiple countries, but little is known about its presence or diversity in South Africa. Whole genome sequences of 387 S. Infantis isolates from South Africa (2004-2020) were analysed for genetic phylogeny, recombination frequency, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, plasmid presence and overall gene content. The population structure of South African S. Infantis was substantially different to S. Infantis reported elsewhere; only two thirds of isolates belonged to eBG31, while the remainder were identified as eBG297, a much rarer group globally. Significantly higher levels of recombination were observed in the eBG297 isolates, which was associated with the presence of prophages. The majority of isolates were putatively susceptible to antimicrobials (335/387) and lacked any plasmids (311/387); the megaplasmid pESI was present in just one isolate. A larger proportion of eBG31 isolates, 19% (49/263), contained at least one AMR determinant, compared to eBG297 at 2% (3/124). Comparison of the pan-genomes of isolates from either eBG identified 943 genes significantly associated with eBG, with 43 found exclusively in eBG31 isolates and 34 in eBG297 isolates. This, along with the single nucleotide polymorphism distance and difference in resistance profiles, suggests that eBG31 and eBG297 isolates occupy different niches within South Africa. If antibiotic-resistant S. Infantis emerges in South Africa, probably through the spread of the pESI plasmid, treatment of this infection would be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mattock
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Present address: The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony M Smith
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Emma J Manners
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Present address: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
| | - Sanelisiwe T Duze
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shannon Smouse
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomsa Tau
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Baker
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Marie Anne Chattaway
- Gastrointestinal Bacteriology Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Alison E Mather
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - John Wain
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Gemma C Langridge
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
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20
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Cohen E, Kriger O, Amit S, Davidovich M, Rahav G, Gal-Mor O. The emergence of a multidrug resistant Salmonella Muenchen in Israel is associated with horizontal acquisition of the epidemic pESI plasmid. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1499.e7-1499.e14. [PMID: 35654317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Horizontal acquisition of mobile genetic elements is a powerful evolutionary driving force that can profoundly affect pathogens epidemiology and their interactions with the environment and host. In the last decade, the role of the epidemic megaplasmid, pESI was demonstrated in the global emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis strains, but it was unknown if this was a one-time phenomenon, or that pESI can drive the emergence of other pathogens. METHODS Epidemiological, molecular, whole genome sequencing, de-novo assembly, bioinformatics and genetic approaches were used to analyze the emergence of a pESI-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Muenchen strain in Israel. RESULTS Since 2018, we report the emergence and high prevalence of S. Muenchen in Israel, which consisted at 2020, 40% (1055/2671) of all clinical Salmonella isolates. We show that the emergence of S. Muenchen is dominated by a clonal MDR strain, report its complete assembled genome sequence, and demonstrate that in contrast to preemergent strains, it harbors the epidemic megaplasmid, pESI, which can be self-mobilized into E. coli and other Salmonella serovars. Additionally, we identified bioinformatically highly similar genomes of clinical isolates that were recently collected in South Africa, UK and USA. CONCLUSIONS This is a second documented case of a pathogen emergence associated with pESI acquisition. Considering the genetic cargo of pESI that enhances resistance, stress tolerance and virulence, and its ability to conjugate into prevalent Salmonella serovars, we provide further support that pESI facilities the emergence and spreading of new Salmonella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cohen
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Or Kriger
- Microbiology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Sharon Amit
- Microbiology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Maya Davidovich
- Public Health Laboratories - Jerusalem, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Gal-Mor
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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21
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Medina-Santana JL, Ortega-Paredes D, de Janon S, Burnett E, Ishida M, Sauders B, Stevens M, Vinueza-Burgos C. Investigating the dynamics of Salmonella contamination in integrated poultry companies using a whole genome sequencing approach. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101611. [PMID: 34953378 PMCID: PMC8715213 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of non-typhoid Salmonella in broiler integrations has been limited by the resolution of typing techniques. Although serotyping of Salmonella isolates is used as a traditional approach, it is not of enough resolution to clearly understand the dynamics of this pathogen within poultry companies. The aim of this research was to investigate the epidemiology and population dynamics of Salmonella serotypes in 2 poultry integrations using a whole genome sequencing approach. Two hundred and forty-three Salmonella isolates recovered from the broiler production chain of 2 integrated poultry companies were whole genome sequenced and analyzed with dedicated databases and bioinformatic software. The analyses of sequences revealed that S. Infantis was the most frequent serotype (82.3%). Most isolates showed a potential for resistance against medically important antibiotics and disinfectants. Furthermore, 97.5% of isolates harbored the pESI-like mega plasmid, that plays an important role in the global dissemination of AMR. SNP tree analysis showed that there were clones that are niche-specific while other ones were distributed throughout the broiler production chains. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of whole genome sequencing analysis for a comprehensive understanding of Salmonella distribution in integrated poultry companies. Data obtained with these techniques allow determination of the presence of genetic factors that play an important role in the environmental fitness and pathogenicity of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Medina-Santana
- Unidad de investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170103, Ecuador
| | - David Ortega-Paredes
- Unidad de investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170103, Ecuador
| | - Sofia de Janon
- Unidad de investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170103, Ecuador
| | - Elton Burnett
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Maria Ishida
- Division of Food Laboratory, New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, Albany, NY 12206, USA
| | - Brian Sauders
- Division of Food Laboratory, New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, Albany, NY 12206, USA
| | | | - Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170103, Ecuador.
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22
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Vilela FP, Rodrigues DDP, Allard MW, Falcão JP. Genomic characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolated from food, humans and veterinary-related sources in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:3327-3342. [PMID: 34958707 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the genetic relatedness, phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance and plasmid content of 80 Salmonella Infantis strains isolated from food, humans and veterinary sources from 2013 to 2018 in Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed major clusters containing 50% and 38.8% of the strains studied respectively. Multilocus sequence typing assigned all strains to ST32. Disk-diffusion revealed that 90% of the strains presented resistant or intermediate resistant profiles and 38.8% displayed multidrug resistance. Resistance genes for aminoglycosides (aac(6')-Iaa; aadA12; aph(3″-Ib; aph(6)-Id), β-lactams (blaTEM-1 ; blaCTX-M-8 ; blaCMY-2 ), trimethoprim (dfrA8), tetracycline (tet(A)), amphenicols (floR), sulfonamide (sul2), efflux pumps (mdsA; mdsB), chromosomal point mutations in gyrB, parC, acrB and pmrA were detected. Strains harboured IncI, IncF, IncX, IncQ, IncN and IncR plasmids. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a prevalent S. Infantis subtype in Brazil and the high antimicrobial resistance rates reinforced the potential hazard of this serovar for the public health and food safety fields. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study characterizing a large set of S. Infantis from Brazil by whole-genome sequencing, which provided a better local and global comprehension about the distribution and characteristics of this serovar of importance in the food, human and veterinary fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pinheiro Vilela
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marc William Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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23
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Pardo-Esté C, Lorca D, Castro-Severyn J, Krüger G, Alvarez-Thon L, Zepeda P, Sulbaran-Bracho Y, Hidalgo A, Tello M, Molina F, Molina L, Remonsellez F, Castro-Nallar E, Saavedra C. Genetic Characterization of Salmonella Infantis with Multiple Drug Resistance Profiles Isolated from a Poultry-Farm in Chile. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2370. [PMID: 34835497 PMCID: PMC8621671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella comprises over 2500 serotypes and foodborne contamination associated with this pathogen remains an important health concern worldwide. During the last decade, a shift in serotype prevalence has occurred as traditionally less prevalent serotypes are increasing in frequency of infections, especially those related to poultry meat contamination. S. Infantis is one of the major emerging serotypes, and these strains commonly display antimicrobial resistance and can persist despite cleaning protocols. Thus, this work aimed to isolate S. Infantis strains from a poultry meat farm in Santiago, Chile and to characterize genetic variations present in them. We determined their genomic and phenotypic profiles at different points along the production line. The results indicate that the strains encompass 853 polymorphic sites (core-SNPs) with isolates differing from one another by 0-347 core SNPs, suggesting variation among them; however, we found discrete correlations with the source of the sample in the production line. Furthermore, the pan-genome was composed of 4854 total gene clusters of which 2618 (53.9%) corresponds to the core-genome and only 181 (3.7%) are unique genes (those present in one particular strain). This preliminary analysis will enrich the surveillance of Salmonella, yet further studies are required to assess their evolution and phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (C.P.-E.); (D.L.); (G.K.); (P.Z.); (Y.S.-B.)
| | - Diego Lorca
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (C.P.-E.); (D.L.); (G.K.); (P.Z.); (Y.S.-B.)
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (J.C.-S.); (F.R.)
| | - Gabriel Krüger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (C.P.-E.); (D.L.); (G.K.); (P.Z.); (Y.S.-B.)
| | - Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Central de Chile, Santa Isabel 1186, Santiago 8330601, Chile;
| | - Phillippi Zepeda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (C.P.-E.); (D.L.); (G.K.); (P.Z.); (Y.S.-B.)
| | - Yoelvis Sulbaran-Bracho
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (C.P.-E.); (D.L.); (G.K.); (P.Z.); (Y.S.-B.)
| | - Alejandro Hidalgo
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
| | - Mario Tello
- Laboratorio de Metagenomica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuicola, Universidad de Santiago, Alameda, Estación Central, Santiago 9170002, Chile;
| | - Franck Molina
- Sys2Diag, UMR9005 CNRS ALCEDIAG, 34184 Montpellier, France; (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurence Molina
- Sys2Diag, UMR9005 CNRS ALCEDIAG, 34184 Montpellier, France; (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Francisco Remonsellez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (J.C.-S.); (F.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Claudia Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (C.P.-E.); (D.L.); (G.K.); (P.Z.); (Y.S.-B.)
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24
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In Silico Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Integrons in Salmonella enterica Isolates from Countries of the Andean Community. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111388. [PMID: 34827328 PMCID: PMC8614897 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance genes are often associated with integrons, which promote their movement between and within DNA molecules. IntFinder 1.0 and I-VIP v1.2 were used for the detection of integrons and their associated resistance genes in assembled sequences and raw reads. A dataset comprising 1688 sequenced Salmonella enterica isolates from countries of the Andean Community was developed. A total of 749 and 680 integrons were identified by IntFinder 1.0 and I-VIP v1.2, respectively; class 2 integrons were the most abundant followed by class 1, whereas no class 3 integrons were detected. These elements were mainly associated with isolates from animal sources. S. Infantis ST32 contained the majority of integrons. Trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA) were found in greater numbers than others, including aadA and bla genes. The presence of these resistance integrons may come as a response to antibiotic misuse, especially of co-trimoxazole. This represents a public health risk as novel resistant strains might appear due to gene dissemination. The information gathered from in silico studies not only contributes to our understanding of integron dynamics in pathogenic Salmonella, but also helps identify potential emergent patterns of resistance in the region, which is fundamental for developing pertinent antibiotic surveillance programs.
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25
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Guerrero T, Bayas-Rea R, Erazo E, Zapata Mena S. Systematic Review: Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Food from Latin America. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 19:85-103. [PMID: 34668752 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Latin America, nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the most important etiological agents of foodborne infections; it can survive in soil, water, and food even after processing. Here, we aimed to perform a systematic review by collecting data on the prevalence, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of NTS isolated from different food products in Latin America, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Out of 1766 studies screened, 244 reports from 13 Latin American countries were eligible. Among these, 182 reported NTS prevalence, 87 reported NTS serotypes, and 83 reported serotypes with AMR patterns. The NTS prevalence ranged from 0.005% to 93.3%, regardless of country and food. Meat showed the highest NTS prevalence. Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Derby were the most frequently observed serotypes in different food products. The serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Infantis, isolated from animal products, showed the highest AMR rate. The presence of NTS in fruits and vegetables, which are generally consumed raw or as ready-to-eat food, indicates a high risk of salmonellosis from consuming these foods. Thus, the reduction of this pathogen in the food chain requires a One Health approach, involving good agricultural and manufacturing practices, low antimicrobial use, and proper waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Guerrero
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Bayas-Rea
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emilene Erazo
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata Mena
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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26
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Lee WWY, Mattock J, Greig DR, Langridge GC, Baker D, Bloomfield S, Mather AE, Wain JR, Edwards AM, Hartman H, Dallman TJ, Chattaway MA, Nair S. Characterization of a pESI-like plasmid and analysis of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica Infantis isolates in England and Wales. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34647862 PMCID: PMC8627215 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is the fifth most common Salmonella serovar isolated in England and Wales. Epidemiological, genotyping and antimicrobial-resistance data for S. enterica Infantis isolates were used to analyse English and Welsh demographics over a 5 year period. Travel cases associated with S. enterica Infantis were mainly from Asia, followed by cases from Europe and North America. Since 2000, increasing numbers of S. enterica Infantis had multidrug resistance determinants harboured on a large plasmid termed ‘plasmid of emerging S. enterica Infantis’ (pESI). Between 2013 and 2018, 42 S. enterica Infantis isolates were isolated from humans and food that harboured resistance determinants to multiple antimicrobial classes present on a pESI-like plasmid, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs; blaCTX-M-65). Nanopore sequencing of an ESBL-producing human S. enterica Infantis isolate indicated the presence of two regions on an IncFIB pESI-like plasmid harbouring multiple resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the English and Welsh S. enterica Infantis population indicated that the majority of multidrug-resistant isolates harbouring the pESI-like plasmid belonged to a single clade maintained within the population. The blaCTX-M-65 ESBL isolates first isolated in 2013 comprise a lineage within this clade, which was mainly associated with South America. Our data, therefore, show the emergence of a stable resistant clone that has been in circulation for some time in the human population in England and Wales, highlighting the necessity of monitoring resistance in this serovar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W Y Lee
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - David R Greig
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.,Roslin Institute and Royal School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gemma C Langridge
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - David Baker
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Samuel Bloomfield
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Alison E Mather
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - John R Wain
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew M Edwards
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hassan Hartman
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Dallman
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.,Roslin Institute and Royal School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie A Chattaway
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Satheesh Nair
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
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Gomes-Neto JC, Pavlovikj N, Cano C, Abdalhamid B, Al-Ghalith GA, Loy JD, Knights D, Iwen PC, Chaves BD, Benson AK. Heuristic and Hierarchical-Based Population Mining of Salmonella enterica Lineage I Pan-Genomes as a Platform to Enhance Food Safety. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.725791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent incorporation of bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) into Public Health laboratories has enhanced foodborne outbreak detection and source attribution. As a result, large volumes of publicly available datasets can be used to study the biology of foodborne pathogen populations at an unprecedented scale. To demonstrate the application of a heuristic and agnostic hierarchical population structure guided pan-genome enrichment analysis (PANGEA), we used populations of S. enterica lineage I to achieve two main objectives: (i) show how hierarchical population inquiry at different scales of resolution can enhance ecological and epidemiological inquiries; and (ii) identify population-specific inferable traits that could provide selective advantages in food production environments. Publicly available WGS data were obtained from NCBI database for three serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica lineage I (S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, and S. Infantis). Using the hierarchical genotypic classifications (Serovar, BAPS1, ST, cgMLST), datasets from each of the three serovars showed varying degrees of clonal structuring. When the accessory genome (PANGEA) was mapped onto these hierarchical structures, accessory loci could be linked with specific genotypes. A large heavy-metal resistance mobile element was found in the Monophasic ST34 lineage of S. Typhimurium, and laboratory testing showed that Monophasic isolates have on average a higher degree of copper resistance than the Biphasic ones. In S. Newport, an extra sugE gene copy was found among most isolates of the ST45 lineage, and laboratory testing of multiple isolates confirmed that isolates of S. Newport ST45 were on average less sensitive to the disinfectant cetylpyridimium chloride than non-ST45 isolates. Lastly, data-mining of the accessory genomic content of S. Infantis revealed two cryptic Ecotypes with distinct accessory genomic content and distinct ecological patterns. Poultry appears to be the major reservoir for Ecotype 1, and temporal analysis further suggested a recent ecological succession, with Ecotype 2 apparently being displaced by Ecotype 1. Altogether, the use of a heuristic hierarchical-based population structure analysis that includes bacterial pan-genomes (core and accessory genomes) can (1) improve genomic resolution for mapping populations and accessing epidemiological patterns; and (2) define lineage-specific informative loci that may be associated with survival in the food chain.
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