1
|
Vander Elst N, Bellemans J, Lavigne R, Briers Y, Meyer E. Endolysin NC5 improves early cloxacillin treatment in a mouse model of Streptococcus uberis mastitis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:118. [PMID: 38204128 PMCID: PMC10781846 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis frequently causes bovine mastitis, an infectious udder disease with significant economic implications for dairy cows. Conventional antibiotics, such as cloxacillin, sometimes have limited success in eliminating S. uberis as a stand-alone therapy. To address this challenge, the study objective was to investigate the VersaTile engineered endolysin NC5 as a supplemental therapy to cloxacillin in a mouse model of bovine S. uberis mastitis. NC5 was previously selected based on its intracellular killing and biofilm eradicating activity. To deliver preclinical proof-of-concept of this supplemental strategy, lactating mice were intramammarily infected with a bovine S. uberis field isolate and subsequently treated with cloxacillin (30.0 μg) combined with either a low (23.5 μg) or high (235.0 μg) dose of NC5. An antibiotic monotherapy group, as well as placebo treatment, was included as controls. Two types of responders were identified: fast (n = 17), showing response after 4-h treatment, and slow (n = 10), exhibiting no clear response at 4 h post-treatment across all groups. The high-dose combination therapy in comparison with placebo treatment impacted the hallmarks of mastitis in the fast responders by reducing (i) the bacterial load 13,000-fold (4.11 ± 0.78 Δlog10; p < 0.001), (ii) neutrophil infiltration 5.7-fold (p > 0.05), and (iii) the key pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8 13-fold (p < 0.01). These mastitis hallmarks typically followed a dose response dependent on the amount of endolysin added. The current in vivo study complements our in vitro data and provides preclinical proof-of-concept of NC5 as an adjunct to intramammary cloxacillin treatment. KEY POINTS: • Engineered endolysin NC5 was preclinically evaluated as add-on to cloxacillin treatment. • Two types of mice (slow and fast responding) were observed. • The add-on treatment decreased bacterial load, neutrophil influx, and pro-inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Julie Bellemans
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Yves Briers
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vander Elst N, Bellemans J, Steenbrugge J, Geeroms C, Breyne K, Piepers S, Toledo-Silva B, de Souza FN, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S, Meyer E. Priming of the murine mammary gland with Staphylococcus chromogenes IM reduces bacterial growth of Streptococcus uberis: a proof-of-concept study. Vet Res 2023; 54:28. [PMID: 36973819 PMCID: PMC10044423 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is a major causative agent of bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland with substantial economic consequences. To reduce antibiotic use in animal agriculture, alternative strategies to treat or prevent mastitis are being investigated. Bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococci are proposed in that respect due to their capacity to inhibit the in vitro growth of S. uberis. We demonstrate that priming the murine mammary gland with Staphylococcus chromogenes IM reduces S. uberis growth in comparison with non-primed glands. The innate immune system is activated by increasing IL-8 and LCN2, which may explain this decreased growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Julie Bellemans
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Chloë Geeroms
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Building 149, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bruno Toledo-Silva
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fernando Nogueira de Souza
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Q, Bai X, Lin T, Wang X, Zhang B, Dai L, Shi J, Zhang Y, Zhao X. HMOX1 Promotes Ferroptosis in Mammary Epithelial Cells via FTH1 and Is Involved in the Development of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2221. [PMID: 36421410 PMCID: PMC9686786 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is associated with inflammatory diseases as a lethal iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; its role in the development of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows is not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with iron homeostasis and apoptosis, and to investigate further their roles in dairy cows with CM. The results suggested that ferroptosis occurs in the mammary glands of Holstein cows with CM. Using data-independent acquisition proteomics, 302 DEPs included in 11 GO terms related to iron homeostasis and apoptosis were identified. In particular, heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) was identified and involved in nine pathways. In addition, ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) was identified and involved in the ferroptosis pathway. HMOX1 and FTH1 were located primarily in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), and displayed significantly up-regulated expression patterns compared to the control group (healthy cows). The expression levels of HMOX1 and FTH1 were up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner in LPS induced MAC-T cells with increased iron accumulation. The expression levels of HMOX1 and FTH1 and iron accumulation levels in the MAC-T cells were significantly up-regulated by using LPS, but were lower than the levels seen with Erastin (ERA). Finally, we deduced the mechanism of ferroptosis in the MECs of Holstein cows with CM. These results provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of ferroptosis-mediated clinical mastitis in dairy animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xu Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ting Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lijun Dai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jun Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Klahn P, Zscherp R, Jimidar CC. Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.1 Introduction2 Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs3 Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins4 Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins5 Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives6 Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone7 Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone8 Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
| | | |
Collapse
|