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Larenas-Muñoz F, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Ruedas-Torres I, Álvarez-Delgado C, Fristiková K, Pallarés FJ, Carrasco L, Chicano-Gálvez E, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Gómez-Laguna J. Proteomic analysis of granulomas from cattle and pigs naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by MALDI imaging. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369278. [PMID: 39021575 PMCID: PMC11252589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has recently gained prominence for its ability to provide molecular and spatial information in tissue sections. This technology has the potential to uncover novel insights into proteins and other molecules in biological and immunological pathways activated along diseases with a complex host-pathogen interaction, such as animal tuberculosis. Thus, the present study conducted a data analysis of protein signature in granulomas of cattle and pigs naturally infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), identifying biological and immunological signaling pathways activated throughout the disease. Lymph nodes from four pigs and four cattle, positive for the MTC by bacteriological culture and/or real-time PCR, were processed for histopathological examination and MALDI-MSI. Protein identities were assigned using the MaTisse database, and protein-protein interaction networks were visualized using the STRING database. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was carried out to determine biological and immunological signaling pathways in which these proteins could participate together with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Distinct proteomic profiles between cattle and pig granulomas were displayed. Noteworthy, the GO analysis revealed also common pathways among both species, such as "Complement activation, alternative pathway" and "Tricarboxylic acid cycle", which highlight pathways that are conserved among different species infected by the MTC. In addition, species-specific terms were identified in the current study, such as "Natural killer cell degranulation" in cattle or those related to platelet and neutrophil recruitment and activation in pigs. Overall, this study provides insights into the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis in cattle and pigs, opening new areas of research and highlighting the importance, among others, of the complement activation pathway and the regulation of natural killer cell- and neutrophil-mediated immunity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Pathology Group, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Álvarez-Delgado
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Karola Fristiková
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Chicano-Gálvez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIBIC) Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Imaging Unit (IMSMI), Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Magdalena Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Mousavi-Sagharchi SMA, Afrazeh E, Seyyedian-Nikjeh SF, Meskini M, Doroud D, Siadat SD. New insight in molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AMB Express 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38907086 PMCID: PMC11192714 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is a pathogenic bacterium that has claimed millions of lives since the Middle Ages. According to the World Health Organization's report, tuberculosis ranks among the ten deadliest diseases worldwide. The presence of an extensive array of genes and diverse proteins within the cellular structure of this bacterium has provided us with a potent tool for diagnosis. While the culture method remains the gold standard for tuberculosis diagnosis, it is possible that molecular diagnostic methods, emphasis on the identification of mutation genes (e.g., rpoB and gyrA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms, could offer a safe and reliable alternative. Over the past few decades, as our understanding of molecular genetics has expanded, methods have been developed based on gene expansion and detection. These methods typically commence with DNA amplification through nucleic acid targeted techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. Various molecular compounds and diverse approaches have been employed in molecular assays. In this review, we endeavor to provide an overview of molecular assays for the diagnosis of tuberculosis with their properties (utilization, challenges, and functions). The ultimate goal is to explore the potential of replacing traditional bacterial methods with these advanced molecular diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elina Afrazeh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Meskini
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
- Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Delaram Doroud
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Arevalo F, Rayme S, Ramírez R, Rolando R, Fustamante J, Monteghirfo M, Chavez R, Monge E. Immunohistochemistry and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction: importance in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis in a Peruvian population. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:166. [PMID: 38755577 PMCID: PMC11097500 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis is challenging even nowadays. This study aims to report the positivity rates of new diagnostic methods such as immunohistochemistry and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in patients with intestinal tuberculosis, as well as describe the pathological and endoscopic features of intestinal tuberculosis in our population. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study conducted in patients diagnosed with intestinal tuberculosis, between 2010 to 2023 from the Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrion and a Private Pathology Center, both located in Peru. Clinical data was obtained, histologic features were independently re-evaluated by three pathologists; and immunohistochemistry and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction evaluation were performed. The 33 patients with intestinal tuberculosis who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry was positive in 90.9% of cases, while real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction was positive in 38.7%. The ileocecal region was the most affected area (33.3%), and the most frequent endoscopic appearance was an ulcer (63.6%). Most of the granulomas were composed solely of epithelioid histiocytes (75.8%). Crypt architectural disarray was the second most frequent histologic finding (78.8%) after granulomas, but most of them were mild. CONCLUSION Since immunohistochemistry does not require an intact cell wall, it demonstrates higher sensitivity compared to Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Therefore, it could be helpful for the diagnosis of paucibacillary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Arevalo
- Pathology Department, Hospital Nacional Daniel A. Carrión, Callao, Lima, Perú.
- Histodiagnóstico Gastrointestinal Private Pathology Center, Lima, Perú.
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - Soledad Rayme
- Pathology Department, Hospital Nacional Daniel A. Carrión, Callao, Lima, Perú
- Histodiagnóstico Gastrointestinal Private Pathology Center, Lima, Perú
| | - Rocío Ramírez
- Pathology Department, Hospital Nacional Daniel A. Carrión, Callao, Lima, Perú
- Histodiagnóstico Gastrointestinal Private Pathology Center, Lima, Perú
| | - Romy Rolando
- Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses - Perú, Lima, Perú
- Histodiagnóstico Gastrointestinal Private Pathology Center, Lima, Perú
| | - Jaime Fustamante
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Nacional Daniel A., Carrión, Lima, Perú
| | - Mario Monteghirfo
- Departamento de Ciencias Dinámicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigacion de Bioquímica y Nutrición Alberto Guzmán Barrón, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Rocio Chavez
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco EsSalud, Cuzco, Perú
- Universidad San Antonio Abad, Cuzco, Perú
- Instituto de Gastroenterologia del Sur, Cuzco, Perú
| | - Eduardo Monge
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Nacional Daniel A., Carrión, Lima, Perú
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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Vera-Salmoral E, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Gómez-Gascón L, Larenas-Muñoz F, Tarradas C, Gómez-Laguna J, Huerta B. Assessment of the diagnostic performance of intradermal tuberculin test and post-mortem inspection for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis according to WOAH guidelines. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105159. [PMID: 38266351 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) constitutes a global challenge for public and animal health with still some deficiencies regarding its diagnosis. This study aimed to estimate the accuracy of the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and post-mortem inspection for different diagnostic objectives following WOAH guidelines. Tissue samples from 59 microbiological culture/PCR-positive and 58 microbiological culture/PCR-negative cattle were evaluated. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, the positive and negative probability indices as well as the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of each technique were estimated for different pretest probabilities. The SIT with strict interpretation demonstrated moderate precision in confirming the absence of infection in populations historically free of bTB, with a 12.1% rate of false positives, but also detecting positive animals in the early stage of the eradication programs, with a 13.6% rate of false negatives. The diagnostic performance for ruling out bTB was notably high (NPV > 90%) in animals with a pre-test probability (PTP) below 42%. Post-mortem inspection constituted an interesting alternative tool to confirm suspected and positive cases for SIT, particularly in areas with bTB prevalence exceeding 19%, where implementing SIT and eradication measures may be impractical. In these areas, the likelihood that animals with tuberculosis-like lesions are affected by the disease surpasses 90%. Similarly, in herds with a PTP below 25%, the absence of bTB could be confidently ruled out with over 90% certainty. These findings highlight the effectiveness of SIT and post-mortem inspection as valuable techniques for current eradication programs and controlling bTB in high-prevalence areas where molecular techniques may not be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vera-Salmoral
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Huerta
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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5
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Ferrari S, Zanoni M, Mangeli A, Pigoli C, D'Incau M, Alborali GL, Pacciarini ML, Boniotti MB. Bacteriological culture and direct PCR for detecting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the Italian eradication campaign: a decade of experience at the National Reference Laboratory. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae064. [PMID: 38520154 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Our study evaluates the capacity of direct real-time PCR for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), with a focus on diagnostic performances and the feasibility of implementing this protocol in an eradication campaign. Specifically, we compare the effectiveness of the direct PCR method to various culture systems used by the Italian National Reference Laboratory over the last decade to detect MTBC. METHODS AND RESULTS Bovine tissue samples were routinely tested and analyzed for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) confirmation using microbiological culture (solid and liquid media), histopathological analysis, and a direct PCR assay targeting IS6110, an insertion sequence specific to the MTBC that is widely used for tuberculosis diagnosis. The direct real-time PCR demonstrated a high concordance (K = 0.871) with microbiological culture, as well as good sensitivity (91.84%) and specificity (95.24%). In contrast, histopathology demonstrated lower concordance (K = 0.746) and performance levels (sensitivity 91.41%, specificity 82.88%). Liquid media promoted faster and more efficient growth of MTBC than solid media. M. bovis and M. caprae had the comparable ability to respond to the direct real-time PCR test and grow on the microbiological medium. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that direct real-time PCR can detect MTBC with high diagnostic accuracy within a few days. This study found no significant differences in performance between culture media and direct PCR for M. bovis and M. caprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ferrari
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina (CNR-bTB), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Zanoni
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina (CNR-bTB), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Mangeli
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina (CNR-bTB), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pigoli
- Sede Territoriale di Milano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Celoria 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario D'Incau
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina (CNR-bTB), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina (CNR-bTB), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Pacciarini
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina (CNR-bTB), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina (CNR-bTB), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
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Larenas-Muñoz F, Hamed MG, Ruedas-Torres I, María Sánchez-Carvajal J, Domínguez J, José Pallarés F, Carrasco L, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Gómez-Laguna J. Macrophage polarization in lymph node granulomas from cattle and pigs naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241231606. [PMID: 38425277 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241231606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis in animals is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), with the tuberculous granuloma being the main characteristic lesion. The macrophage is the main cell type involved in the development of the granuloma and presents a wide plasticity ranging from polarization to classically activated or pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) or to alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). Thus, this study aimed to analyze macrophage polarization in granulomas from cattle and pig lymph nodes naturally infected with MTC. Tuberculous granulomas were microscopically categorized into four stages and a panel of myeloid cells (CD172a/calprotectin), M1 macrophage polarization (iNOS/CD68/CD107a), and M2 macrophage polarization (Arg1/CD163) markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. CD172a and calprotectin followed the same kinetics, having greater expression in late-stage granulomas in pigs. iNOS and CD68 had higher expression in cattle compared with pigs, and the expression was higher in early-stage granulomas. CD107a immunolabeling was only observed in porcine granulomas, with a higher expression in stage I granulomas. Arg1+ cells were significantly higher in pigs than in cattle, particularly in late-stage granulomas. Quantitative analysis of CD163+ cells showed similar kinetics in both species with a consistent frequency of immunolabeled cells throughout the different stages of the granuloma. Our results indicate that M1 macrophage polarization prevails in cattle during early-stage granulomas (stages I and II), whereas M2 phenotype is observed in later stages. Contrary, and mainly due to the expression of Arg1, M2 macrophage polarization is predominant in pigs in all granuloma stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mohamed G Hamed
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sohag, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Francisco José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
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7
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Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Vera-Salmoral E, Huerta B, Galán-Relaño Á, Ruedas-Torres I, Larenas-Muñoz F, Luque I, Carrasco L, Gómez-Laguna J. Droplet digital PCR as alternative to microbiological culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection in bovine lymph node tissue samples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1349999. [PMID: 38469351 PMCID: PMC10925636 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1349999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) remains a significant concern for public health. Direct real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) are proposed as alternative tools to enhance diagnostic precision and efficiency. This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of a ddPCR assay targeting IS6110 for the detection of MTC DNA in both microbiological culture and fresh lymph node (LN) tissue samples obtained from cattle, in comparison with the established reference standard, the microbiological culture followed by real-time PCR. Methods The fresh LNs (N=100) were collected each from a different cattle carcass at the slaughterhouse. The limit of detection of ddPCR-IS6110 was set to 101 copies per 20 μl reaction. Results DdPCR-IS6110 detected 44 out of 49 reference-standard positive samples and yielded negative results in 47 out of 51 reference-standard negative samples, resulting in adjusted sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of 90.76% [95% confidence interval (CI): 82.58 - 98.96%)], and 100% (95% CI: 100%) respectively. The estimated adjusted false negative rate (FNR) was 9.23% (95% CI: 1.04 - 17.42%) and the false positive rate (FPR) was 0% (95% CI: 0%). When directly applied from fresh bovine LN tissues, ddPCR-IS6110 identified 47 out of 49 reference-standard positive samples as ddPCR-IS6110-positive and 42 out of 51 reference-standard negative samples as ddPCR-IS6110-negative, resulting in adjusted Se and Sp values of 94.80% [95% (CI): 88.52 - 100%] and 100% (95% CI: 100%), respectively. The adjusted FNR was 5.20% (95% CI: 0 - 11.50%) and the FPR was 0% (95% CI: 0%). Noteworthy, ddPCR-IS6110 disclosed as positive 9 samples negative to reference-standard. Discussion DdPCR-IS6110 proved to be a rapid, highly sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool as an alternative to reference-standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Vera-Salmoral
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Huerta
- Department of Animal Health, Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Department of Animal Health, Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Department of Animal Health, Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Hamed MG, Gómez-Laguna J, Larenas-Muñoz F, Mahmoud AZ, Ali FAZ, Abd-Elghaffar SK. Monitoring the immune response of macrophages in tuberculous granuloma through the expression of CD68, iNOS and HLA-DR in naturally infected beef cattle. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:220. [PMID: 37865747 PMCID: PMC10589937 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis still represents a universal threat that creates a wider range of public and animal health impacts. One of the most important steps in the pathogenesis of this disease and granuloma formation is the phagocytosis of tuberculous bacilli by macrophages. Mycobacteria replicate in macrophages, which are crucial to the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infections; however, scarce information is available about the dynamics of the granuloma-stage immunological response. Therefore, immunohistochemistry was used in this work to evaluate the expression of CD68, iNOS, and HLA-DR in different stages of TB granulomas from naturally infected cattle with tuberculosis. Two thousand, one hundred and fifty slaughtered beef cattle were examined during the period from September 2020 to March 2022. Sixty of them showed gross tuberculous pulmonary lesions and samples were collected from all of them for histopathological examination, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, and bacteriological culturing. Selected samples that yielded a positive result for ZN and mycobacterial culturing were subjected to an immunohistochemical study of CD68, iNOS, and HLA-DR expression by macrophages according to granuloma stages. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the immunolabeling of CD68+, iNOS+, and HLA-DR+ macrophages significantly reduced as the stage of granuloma increased from stage I to stage IV (P < 0.003, P < 0.002, and P < 0.002, respectively). The distribution of immunolabeled macrophages was similar for the three markers, with immunolabeled macrophages distributed throughout early-stage granulomas (I, II), and surrounding the necrotic core in late-stage granulomas (III, IV). Our results suggest a polarization to the pro-inflammatory environment and increased expression of CD68+, iNOS+, and HLA-DR+ macrophages in the early stages of granulomas (I, II), which may play a protective role in the immune response of naturally infected beef cattle with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G Hamed
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, 14014, Spain
| | - Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, 14014, Spain
| | - Abdelzaher Z Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Sary Kh Abd-Elghaffar
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
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9
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Vera-Salmoral E, Gómez-Laguna J, Galán-Relaño Á, Ruedas-Torres I, Carrasco L, Luque I, Huerta B, Sánchez-Carvajal JM. Optimization of real-time PCR protocols from lymph node bovine tissue for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0034823. [PMID: 37707455 PMCID: PMC10581224 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00348-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease and a global health problem that is subjected to obligatory eradication programs in the European Union. Microbiological culture is an imperfect technique for bTB diagnosis. This study aims to compare and validate two DNA isolation protocols and three different specific DNA targets, IS6110, IS4, and mpb70, to confirm Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) infection by real-time PCR directly from fresh tissue samples. Fresh lymph node samples were collected from 81 cattle carcasses at the slaughterhouse. A comparison of both extraction protocols was performed with IS6110-real-time PCR, showing an adjusted sensitivity (SE) of 78.34% and 95.9% for protocols 1 and 2, respectively, while the specificity (SP) was 100% in both cases. Afterward, the comparison between IS4 and mpb70 targets was performed from the samples extracted with protocol 2, obtaining an adjusted SE of 90.87% and 83.3%, respectively, and an SP of 100% in both cases. The positive likelihood ratio was ∞ for the three targets, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.04, 0.091, and 0.16 for IS6110, IS4, and mpb70, respectively. Negative predictive values were ≥90%, ≥85%, and ≥80% for real-time PCR targeting IS6110, IS4, and mpb70, respectively, when the true prevalence is ≤60%, and the positive predictive value is 100% in any scenario of true prevalence. According to these results, the DNA extraction protocol 2 and real-time PCR targeting IS6110 or IS4 could be potential first-choice molecular assays to detect MTC directly in fresh bovine tissue samples. IMPORTANCE Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a chronic infectious and zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), is considered a neglected disease of global importance, causing a detrimental impact on public health, particularly in developing countries where tuberculosis remains a major health problem. However, debate around the efficacy of control measures is still an ongoing matter of concern, with poor diagnostic performance being considered one of the most relevant factors involved in the failure to eradicate the disease since many truly infected animals will be misclassified as bTB-free. This study highlights a DNA extraction protocol and real-time PCR targeting IS6110 or IS4 as potential first-choice molecular assays to detect MTC directly in fresh bovine tissue samples, providing rapid, highly sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools as an alternative to microbiology, which could take up to 3 months to complete, shortening the turnaround time for decision makers to be promptly informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vera-Salmoral
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Huerta
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
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Rodríguez-Hernández P, Cardador MJ, Ríos-Reina R, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Galán-Relaño Á, Jurado-Martos F, Luque I, Arce L, Gómez-Laguna J, Rodríguez-Estévez V. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex field infections in cattle using fecal volatile organic compound analysis through gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry combined with chemometrics. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0174323. [PMID: 37702485 PMCID: PMC10581036 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01743-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is considered a re-emerging disease caused by different species from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), important not only for the livestock sector but also for public health due to its zoonotic character. Despite the numerous efforts that have been carried out to improve the performance of the current antemortem diagnostic procedures, nowadays, they still pose several drawbacks, such as moderate to low sensitivity, highlighting the necessity to develop alternative and innovative tools to complement control and surveillance frameworks. Volatilome analysis is considered an innovative approach which has been widely employed in animal science, including animal health field and diagnosis, due to the useful and interesting information provided by volatile metabolites. Therefore, this study assesses the potential of gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) to discriminate cattle naturally infected (field infections) by MTC from non-infected animals. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from feces were analyzed, employing the subsequent information through chemometrics. After the evaluation of variable importance for the projection of compounds, the final discriminant models achieved a robust performance in cross-validation, as well as high percentages of correct classification (>90%) and optimal data of sensitivity (91.66%) and specificity (99.99%) in external validation. The tentative identification of some VOCs revealed some coincidences with previous studies, although potential new compounds associated with the discrimination of infected and non-infected subjects were also addressed. These results provide strong evidence that a volatilome analysis of feces through GC-IMS coupled to chemometrics could become a valuable methodology to discriminate the infection by MTC in cattle. IMPORTANCE Bovine tuberculosis is endemic in many countries worldwide and poses important concerns for public health because of their zoonotic condition. However, current diagnostic techniques present several hurdles, such as low sensitivity and complexity, among others. In this regard, the development of new approaches to improve the diagnosis and control of this disease is considered crucial. Volatile organic compounds are small molecular mass metabolites which compose volatilome, whose analysis has been widely employed with success in different areas of animal science including animal health. The present study seeks to evaluate the combination of fecal volatilome analysis with chemometrics to detect field infections by bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) in cattle. The good robust performance of discriminant models as well as the optimal data of sensitivity and specificity achieved highlight volatilome analysis as an innovative approach with huge potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María José Cardador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Ríos-Reina
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Luque
- Department of Animal Health, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lourdes Arce
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez
- Department of Animal Production, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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11
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Larenas-Muñoz F, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Galán-Relaño Á, Ruedas-Torres I, Vera-Salmoral E, Gómez-Gascón L, Maldonado A, Carrasco L, Tarradas C, Luque I, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Gómez-Laguna J. The Role of Histopathology as a Complementary Diagnostic Tool in the Monitoring of Bovine Tuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:816190. [PMID: 35647097 PMCID: PMC9136683 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.816190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is based on the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT), interferon gamma, and compulsory slaughter of reactor animals. Culture and PCR from fresh tissue are regarded as gold standard techniques for post-mortem confirmation, with the former being time-consuming and presenting moderate to low sensitivity and the latter presenting promising results. Histopathology has the advantage to identify and categorize lesions in both reactor and non-reactor animals. Therefore, this study aims to highlight the role of histopathology in the systematic diagnosis of bTB to shorten the time to disclose positive animals. Blood (212) and lymph node (681) samples were collected for serological, bacteriological, and histopathological analyses from a total of 230 cattle subjected to the Spanish bTB eradication program. Seventy-one lymph nodes and 59 cattle yielded a positive result to bacteriology, with 59 lymph nodes and 48 cattle presenting a positive result in real-time PCR from fresh tissue. Roughly 19% (40/212) of sera samples gave a positive result to ELISA. Tuberculosis-like lesions (TBLs) were observed in 11.9% (81/681) of the lymph nodes and 30.9% (71/230) of cattle. Noteworthy, TBLs were evidenced in 18 out of 83 SIT− and real-time PCR and bacteriology negative animals, with 11/18 disclosing a positive result to Ziehl-Neelsen technique and two of them to ddPCR from paraffin blocks targeting IS6110. Six out of these 11 ZN+ corresponded with mesenteric LN and were confirmed positive to paratuberculosis. Histopathology yielded a sensitivity of 91.3% (CI95 83.2–99.4%) and a specificity of 84.4% (CI95 78.6–89.3%) with good agreement (κ = 0.626) when compared with real-time PCR. Our results confirm that histopathology allows a rapid confirmation of real-time PCR and bacteriology, emphasizing its contribution to bTB control and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
| | - José M. Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Vera-Salmoral
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Maldonado
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene M. Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
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12
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Elsohaby I, Alahadeb JI, Mahmmod YS, Mweu MM, Ahmed HA, El-Diasty MM, Elgedawy AA, Mahrous E, El Hofy FI. Bayesian Estimation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Three Diagnostic Tests for Bovine Tuberculosis in Egyptian Dairy Cattle Using Latent Class Models. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110246. [PMID: 34822619 PMCID: PMC8622144 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to calculate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the single cervical tuberculin test (SCT), rapid lateral flow test (RLFT), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in Egyptian dairy cattle herds within a Bayesian framework. The true M. bovis infection within-herd prevalence was assessed as a secondary objective. Data on the test results of SCT, RLFT, and RT-PCR for the detection of M. bovis were available from 245 cows in eleven herds in six major governorates in Egypt. A Bayesian latent class model was built for the estimation of the characteristics of the three tests. Our findings showed that Se of SCT (0.93 (95% Posterior credible interval (PCI): 0.89–0.93)) was higher than that of RT-PCR (0.83 (95% PCI: 0.28–0.93)) but was similar to the Se of RLFT (0.93 (95% PCI: 0.31–0.99)). On the contrary, SCT showed the lowest Sp estimate (0.60 (95% PCI: 0.59–0.65)), whereas Sp estimates of RT-PCR (0.99 (95% PCI: 0.95–1.00)) and RLFT (0.99 (95% PCI: 0.95–1.00)) were comparable. The true prevalence of M. bovis ranged between 0.07 and 0.71. In conclusion, overall, RT-PCR and RLFT registered superior performance to SCT, making them good candidates for routine use in the Egyptian bovine tuberculosis control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Egypt;
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A4P3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-902-566-6063
| | - Jawher I. Alahadeb
- Department of Biology, College of Education (Majmaah), Majmaah University, P.O. Box 66, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasser S. Mahmmod
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Egypt;
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marshal M. Mweu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 30197-00100, Kenya;
| | - Heba A. Ahmed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. El-Diasty
- Mansoura Provincial Lab, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.E.-D.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Attia A. Elgedawy
- Mansoura Provincial Lab, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.E.-D.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Eman Mahrous
- Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Fatma I. El Hofy
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
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Alvarez AH. Revisiting tuberculosis screening: An insight to complementary diagnosis and prospective molecular approaches for the recognition of the dormant TB infection in human and cattle hosts. Microbiol Res 2021; 252:126853. [PMID: 34536677 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is defined as a chronic infection in both human and cattle hosts and many subclinical cases remain undetected. After the pathogen is inhaled by a host, phagocyted bacilli can persist inside macrophages surviving intracellularly. Hosts develop granulomatous lesions in the lungs or lymph nodes, limiting infection. However, bacilli become persister cells. Immunological diagnosis of TB is performed basically by routine tuberculin skin test (TST), and in some cases, by ancillary interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The concept of human latent TB infection (LTBI) by M. tuberculosis is recognized in cohorts without symptoms by routine clinical diagnostic tests, and nowadays IGRA tests are used to confirm LTBI with either active or latent specific antigens of M. tuberculosis. On the other hand, dormant infection in cattle by M. bovis has not been described by TST or IGRA testing as complications occur by cross-reactive immune responses to homolog antigens of environmental mycobacteria or a false-negative test by anergic states of a wained bovine immunity, evidencing the need for deciphering more specific biomarkers by new-generation platforms of analysis for detection of M. bovis dormant infection. The study and description of bovine latent TB infection (boLTBI) would permit the recognition of hidden animal infection with an increase in the sensitivity of routine tests for an accurate estimation of infected dairy cattle. Evidence of immunological and experimental analysis of LTBI should be taken into account to improve the study and the description of the still neglected boLTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel H Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800 C.P. 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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