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Loudon JE, Howells ME, Wolfe CA, Buana IN, Buda W, Wandia IN, Putra IGAA, Patterson M, Fuentes A. Healing Hanuman's Army: Veterinary Care as a Core Component of One Health Principles in a Southeast Asian Monkey Forest. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:117. [PMID: 38200848 PMCID: PMC10777948 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildlife that inhabit urban landscapes face the dual challenge of negotiating their positions in their group while navigating obstacles of anthropogenically modified landscapes. The dynamics of urban environments can result in novel injuries and mortalities for these animals. However, these negative impacts can be mitigated through planning, and onsite veterinary care like that provided by the Ubud Monkey Forest in Bali, Indonesia. We examined 275 recorded injuries and mortalities among six social groups of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) brought to the veterinary clinic from 2015-2018. We fit the probabilities of injury vs. death among macaques brought to the clinic using a multilevel logistic regression model to infer the relationship between injury vs. death and associated demographic parameters. Males were more likely to sustain injuries and females were more likely to die. The frequency of injuries and mortalities changed over the four-year study period, which was reflected in our model. The odds of mortality were highest among young macaques and the odds of injury vs. mortality varied across the six social groups. We categorized injuries and mortalities as "natural" or "anthropogenic". Most injuries and mortalities were naturally occurring, but powerlines, motorized vehicles, and plastic present ongoing anthropogenic threats to macaque health. Most wounds and injuries were successfully treated, with healthy animals released back to their group. We suggest other sites with high levels of human-alloprimate interplays consider the Ubud Monkey Forest veterinary office as a model of care and potentially adopt their approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Loudon
- Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;
| | - Michaela E. Howells
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; (M.E.H.)
| | - Christopher A. Wolfe
- Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;
| | | | - Wayan Buda
- Ubud Monkey Forest, Padangtegal 80571, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I. Nengah Wandia
- Primate Division of Natural Resources and Environment Research Center, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar 80361, Bali, Indonesia; (I.N.W.); (I.G.A.A.P.)
| | - I. Gusti Agung Arta Putra
- Primate Division of Natural Resources and Environment Research Center, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar 80361, Bali, Indonesia; (I.N.W.); (I.G.A.A.P.)
| | - Meghan Patterson
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; (M.E.H.)
| | - Agustín Fuentes
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
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Mikail M, Azizan TRPT, Noor MHM, Hassim HA, Che'Amat A, Latip MQA. Long-Tailed Macaque ( Macaca fascicularis) Contraception Methods: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:848. [PMID: 37372133 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The contraception-based approach to wildlife management is a humane and effective alternative to population control methods. Wildlife management only has a few conventional ways to control overpopulation, such as culling, translocation, poisoning, and allowing natural death. Nevertheless, these methods usually have short-term, lethal, and unethical effects. The present systematic review aims to review the knowledge on contraception reported in long-tailed macaques as an alternative to population control. We obtained 719 records from searching CABI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus electronic databases. After the screening and selection process, according to PRISMA guidelines, 19 articles that met the eligibility criteria were chosen. Of the 19 articles, 15 were studies on female long-tailed macaque contraception methods (six (6) hormonal and nine (9) non-hormonal). We analyzed four (4) selected articles on male Cynomolgus monkey contraception methods (two (2) hormonal and two (2) non-hormonal). One of the nine (9) articles on female long-tailed macaque contraception reports negative results. Furthermore, only two (2) studies used free-ranging long-tailed macaques as test subjects, while seventeen (17) tested on captive ones. The challenges of long-tailed macaque contraception identified in this review were the effectiveness of the contraceptive, the administration route, the economic feasibility, the distinction between captive and free-ranging Cynomolgus macaques, the choice of permanent or reversible contraception, the capability of contraceptive use for population control, and the lack of studies on the free-ranging long-tailed macaque. Notwithstanding the literature gap on long-tailed macaque contraception for population control, long-tailed macaque contraception exhibits potential as an alternative method to culling long-tailed macaque. Future research should address these obstacles to support the long-tailed macaque contraception as an alternative population control method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mikail
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hasliza Abu Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che'Amat
- Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Qayyum Ab Latip
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Scardia A, Laricchiuta P, Stabile M, Acquafredda C, Lacitignola L, Uva A, Crovace A, Staffieri F. Use of Laryngeal Mask and Anesthetic Management in Hamadryas Baboons ( Papio hamadryas) Undergoing Laparoscopic Salpingectomy-A Case Series. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020158. [PMID: 36851462 PMCID: PMC9965857 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to describe the anesthetic and airway management of baboons (Papio hamadryas) undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) device. Eleven baboons received tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine; anesthesia was induced with propofol. An LMA was positioned for oxygen and isoflurane administration in spontaneous respiration. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), end tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), minute volume (MV), and peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded before (PREPP) and immediately after abdomen insufflation (PP1), at 10 (PP2), 20 (PP3), and 30 (PP4) minutes during pneumoperitoneum, and after (POSTPP) pneumoperitoneum. The respiratory rate was significantly higher at all times compared to PREPP. The end tidal carbon dioxide concentration was significantly higher at PP2, PP3, PP4, and POSTPP, compared to the previous times. The higher values for RR and EtCO2 were registered at PP4: 22.7 (95% CI 17.6-27.8) breaths/min and 57.9 (95% CI 51.9-63.8) mmHg, respectively. The minute volume was significantly higher at PP4 and POSTPP compared to the other times. The higher value for MV was registered at POSTPP (269.1 (95% CI 206.1-331.8) mL/kg/min). This protocol is suitable for baboons undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy. The LMA was easy to insert and allowed for good ventilation, gas exchange, and delivery of the anesthetic in spontaneous breathing baboons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Scardia
- Ph.D. Course in “Tissues and Organs Transplantations and Cellular Therapies”, D.E.O.T., University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, D.E.O.T., University of Bari, 70123 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Stabile
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, D.E.O.T., University of Bari, 70123 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Acquafredda
- Ph.D. Course in “Tissues and Organs Transplantations and Cellular Therapies”, D.E.O.T., University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, D.E.O.T., University of Bari, 70123 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Uva
- Section of Veterinary Internal Medicine, DiMeV, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, D.E.O.T., University of Bari, 70123 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, D.E.O.T., University of Bari, 70123 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Putra IGAA, Adi AAAM, Astawa INM, Kardena IM, Wandia IN, Soma IG, Brotcorne F, Fuentes A. First survey on seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Bali, Indonesia. Vet World 2022; 15:1341-1346. [PMID: 35765485 PMCID: PMC9210850 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1341-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic infectious inflammatory brain disease caused by the JE virus (JEV). Considerable research into the seroprevalence of JE in domestic animals has been conducted, but there have been no reports of its occurrence in wild animals, including long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of JEV infection and its determinants in long-tailed macaques in Bali and the prevalence of mosquito vectors. Materials and Methods: Blood samples (3 mL) were collected from a population of M. fascicularis (92 heads) inhabiting a small forest with irrigated rice field nearby (wetland area) in Ubud, Gianyar, and from two populations in dryland areas with no wet rice field (Uluwatu, Badung, and Nusa Penida, Bali Province, Indonesia). The collected sera were tested for antibodies against JEV using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (qualitative monkey JE Immunoglobulin G antibody kit). The seropositivity of the antibodies was then compared based on different variables, namely, habitat type, age, and sex. Results: The seroprevalence of the JEV antibodies in all the samples tested was found to be 41.3%. The seropositivity of the monkey serum samples collected from the wetland area was 46.4%, which was higher than the seropositivity of the sera samples collected from the dried field areas (1.25%). Monkey sera collected from the wetland areas were 6.1 times (odds ratio [OR]: 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-51.5, p>0.05) more likely to be seropositive compared to the monkey sera collected from the dried field areas. Meanwhile, female monkeys were 1.79 times (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 0.76-4.21; p>0.05) more likely to be seropositive to JEV than males. Similarly, juvenile monkeys were 2.38 times (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 0.98-5.79); p>0.05) more likely to be seropositive against the JEV than adult monkeys. However, none of these differences achieved statistical significance. Regarding the JEV mosquito vector collection, more Culex mosquitoes were found in the samples from the wetland areas than from the dried field areas. Conclusion: The study confirms the existence of JEV infection in long-tailed macaques in Bali. There were patterned seropositivity differences based on habitat, age, and sex of the monkeys, but these were not significant. The possibility of monkeys as a JEV reservoir and the presence of the mosquitoes as the JEV vector are suggested but require more study to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Agung Arta Putra
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit, Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia; Primate Research Center, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit, Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Kampus Sudirman, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Nyoman Mantik Astawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Kampus Sudirman, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Made Kardena
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Kampus Sudirman, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Nengah Wandia
- Primate Research Center, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit, Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Soma
- Primate Research Center, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit, Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Fany Brotcorne
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Agustin Fuentes
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, 123 Aaron Burr Hall, Princeton NJ 08544, United States
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Giraud G, Sosa S, Hambuckers A, Deleuze S, Wandia IN, Huynen MC, Poncin P, Brotcorne F. Effect of Infant Presence on Social Networks of Sterilized and Intact Wild Female Balinese Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2538. [PMID: 34573504 PMCID: PMC8466756 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraception is increasingly used to control wild animal populations. However, as reproductive condition influences social interactions in primates, the absence of new offspring could influence the females' social integration. We studied two groups of wild macaques (Macaca fascicularis) including females recently sterilized in the Ubud Monkey Forest, Indonesia. We used social network analysis to examine female grooming and proximity networks and investigated the role of infant presence on social centrality and group connectivity, while controlling for the fertility status (sterilized N = 14, intact N = 34). We compared the ego networks of females experiencing different nursing conditions (young infant (YI) vs. old infant (OI) vs. non-nursing (NN) females). YI females were less central in the grooming network than other females while being more central in proximity networks, suggesting they could keep proximity within the group to protect their infant from hazards, while decreasing direct grooming interactions, involving potential risks such as kidnapping. The centrality of sterilized and intact females was similar, except for the proximity network where sterilized females had more partners and a better group connectivity. These results confirm the influence of nursing condition in female macaque social networks and did not show any negative short-term effects of sterilization on social integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwennan Giraud
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (M.-C.H.); (F.B.)
| | - Sebastian Sosa
- Department of Ecology, Physiology and Ethology, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67200 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Alain Hambuckers
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (M.-C.H.); (F.B.)
| | - Stefan Deleuze
- Research Unit FARAH, Equine and Companion Animal Reproduction Pathologies Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, 4130 Liège, Belgium;
| | - I Nengah Wandia
- Primate Division of Natural Resources and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar 80361, Bali, Indonesia;
| | - Marie-Claude Huynen
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (M.-C.H.); (F.B.)
| | - Pascal Poncin
- Research Unit FOCUS, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Fany Brotcorne
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (M.-C.H.); (F.B.)
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