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Zhu P, Li ZH, Li ZR, Zhang ZX, Song JL. First isolation, identification, and pathogenicity evaluation of an EV-G6 strain in China. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1431180. [PMID: 39113722 PMCID: PMC11304196 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1431180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus G (EV-G) belongs to the Picornaviridae family and infects porcine populations worldwide. A total of 20 EV-G genotypes (EV-G1 to EV-G20) have been identified. In this study, we isolated and characterized an EV-G strain, named EV-G/YN29/2022, from the feces of diarrheic pigs. This was the first EV-G6 strain isolated in China. Comparison of the whole genome nucleotide and corresponding amino acid sequences showed that the isolate was more closely related to those of the EV-G6 genotype than other genotypes, with the complete genome sequence similarity ranging from 83.7% (Iba46442) to 84.4% (PEV-B-KOR), and corresponding amino acid homology ranged from 96% (Iba46442) to 96.8% (PEV-B-KOR). Similarly, the VP1 gene and corresponding amino acid sequences of EV-G/YN29/2022 were highly similar to those of the EV-G6 genotype (>82.9% and >94.3%, respectively). Thus, the isolated strain was classified as EV-G6 genotype. This was the first EV-G6 strain isolated in China. Pathogenicity analyses revealed that EV-G/YN29/2022 infection caused mild diarrhea, typical skin lesions, and weight reduction. The strain was mainly distributed to the intestinal tissue but was also found in the brain, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Our results can be used as a reference to further elucidate the epidemiology, evolution, and pathogenicity of EV-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zhang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Ling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
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Hong D, Bian J, Zeng L, Huang S, Qin Y, Chen Y, Wei Z, Huang W, Ouyang K. A novel VP1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed widespread Enterovirus G infections in Guangxi, China. J Virol Methods 2024; 325:114873. [PMID: 38142820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus G (EV-G) has recently been shown to affect weight gain and cause neurological symptoms in piglets. However, the serological investigation of EV-G is limited. In this study, we developed a novel serological detection method based on the structural protein, VP1 of EV-G. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient variations were 3.2-8.9% and 2.6-8.0%, respectively. There was no cross-reaction of the VP1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antisera against the other known porcine viruses. In addition, a comparison was made with other methods including the developed indirect ELISAs based on VP2 and VP3 proteins and western blot (WB) analysis, which demonstrated the reliability of the novel method. Using the VP1-based ELISA, we carried out the first seroepidemiological survey of EV-G in China by testing 1041 serum samples collected from different pig farms in Guangxi from 2019 to 2021. Our results showed that 68.78% of the serum samples and 100% of the pig farms were positive for EV-G, with a relatively high incidence of seropositivity in pigs of different ages. This was specifically evident in fattening pigs and sows, which may suggest that the piglets have experienced an infection with EV-G during their growth process. Our data provide the first serological evidence of EV-G infections in pigs from China and reveal the widespread presence of EV-G infections in Guangxi, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Hong
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jinni Bian
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Lingyou Zeng
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Shiting Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yifeng Qin
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China.
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Ibrahim YM, Zhang W, Wang X, Werid GM, Fu L, Yu H, Wang Y. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity evaluation of enterovirus G isolated from diarrheic piglets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0264323. [PMID: 37830808 PMCID: PMC10715025 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02643-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Enterovirus G is a species of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several mammalian diseases. The porcine enterovirus strains isolated here were chimeric viruses with the PLCP gene of porcine torovirus, which grouped together with global EV-G1 strains. The isolated EV-G strain could infect various cell types from different species, suggesting its potential cross-species infection risk. Animal experiment showed the pathogenic ability of the isolated EV-G to piglets. Additionally, the EV-Gs were widely distributed in the swine herds. Our findings suggest that EV-G may have evolved a novel mechanism for broad tropism, which has important implications for disease control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassein M. Ibrahim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinrong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lizhi Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
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Huang S, Mi X, Ren T, Hong D, Qin Q, Long M, Qin Y, Chen Y, Wei Z, Huang W, Ouyang K. Evaluation of packaging capacity at the genomic 2C/3A junction region in Porcine enterovirus G. Virology 2023; 588:109899. [PMID: 37862828 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) is endogenous to most pig farming countries worldwide. Reports that a papain-like protease (PLP) gene has been naturally inserted into the 2C/3A junction region of the EV-G genome, has increased the potential public health threats from this virus. We constructed a full-length infectious cDNA clone of EV-G, CH/17GXQZ/2017, in order to determine the packaging capacity at the 2C/3A insertion site. Subsequently, recombinants viruses containing the coding tags, GFP, iLOV and His at the 2C/3A junction region, were synthesized. The infectious virus was successfully rescued only with the insertion of the His-tag, which displayed similar virological and molecular properties to its parental strain. This study determined the packaging capacity of the 2C/3A insertion site, and it provides a practical tool for studying the functions and pathogenic mechanisms of EV-G in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xue Mi
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Tongwei Ren
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Daling Hong
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qiuying Qin
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Meijing Long
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yifeng Qin
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China.
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5
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Xiao D, Zhang L, Li S, Liang Y, Wu R, Wen Y, Yan Q, Du S, Zhao Q, Han X, Song J, Cao S, Huang X. Characterization, phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity of a novel genotype 2 porcine Enterovirus G. Virus Res 2023; 335:199185. [PMID: 37532142 PMCID: PMC10448215 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus G belongs to the family Picornaviridae and are associated with a variety of animal diseases. We isolated and characterized a novel EV-G2 strain, CHN-SCMY2021, the first genotype 2 strain isolated in China. CHN-SCMY2021 is about 25 nm diameter with morphology typical of picornaviruses and its genome is 7341 nucleotides. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 indicated that this isolate is a genotype 2 strain. The whole genome similarity between CHN-SCMY2021 and other EV-G genotype 2 strains is 78.3-86.4%, the greatest similarity is to EVG/Porcine/JPN/Iba26-506/2014/G2 (LC316792.1). Recombination analysis indicated that CHN-SCMY2021 resulted from recombination between 714,171/CaoLanh_VN (KT265894.2) and LP 54 (AF363455.1). Except for ST cells, CHN-SCMY2021 has a broad spectrum of cellular adaptations, which are susceptible to BHK-21, PK-15, IPEC-J2, LLC-PK and Vero cells. In piglets, CHN-SCMY2021 causes mild diarrhea and thinning of the intestinal wall. The virus was mainly distributed to intestinal tissue but was also found in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, and spinal cord. CHN-SCMY2021 is the first systematically characterized EV-G genotype 2 strain from China, our results enrich the information on the epidemiology, molecular evolution and pathogenicity associated with EV-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Xiao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiqian Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yixiao Liang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianling Song
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-observation Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-observation Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Li ZH, Li ZR, Zhu P, Zhang ZX, Song JL. First Identification and Pathogenicity Evaluation of an EV-G17 Strain Carrying a Torovirus Papain-like Cysteine Protease (PLCP) Gene in China. Viruses 2023; 15:1747. [PMID: 37632087 PMCID: PMC10459844 DOI: 10.3390/v15081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus G (EV-G) is prevalent in pig populations worldwide, and a total of 20 genotypes (G1 to G20) have been confirmed. Recently, recombinant EV-Gs carrying the papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene of porcine torovirus have been isolated or detected, while their pathogenicity is poorly understood. In this study, an EV-G17-PLCP strain, 'EV-G/YN23/2022', was isolated from the feces of pigs with diarrhea, and the virus replicated robustly in numerous cell lines. The isolate showed the highest complete genome nucleotide (87.5%) and polyprotein amino acid (96.6%) identity in relation to the G17 strain 'IShi-Ya4' (LC549655), and a possible recombination event was detected at the 708 and 3383 positions in the EV-G/YN23/2022 genome. EV-G/YN23/2022 was nonlethal to piglets, but mild diarrhea, transient fever, typical skin lesions, and weight gain deceleration were observed. The virus replicated efficiently in multiple organs, and the pathological lesions were mainly located in the small intestine. All the challenged piglets showed seroconversion for EV-G/YN23/2022 at 6 to 9 days post-inoculation (dpi), and the neutralization antibody peaked at 15 dpi. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, IFN-α, IFN-β, and ISG-15 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were significantly up-regulated during viral infection. This is the first documentation of the isolation and pathogenicity evaluation of the EV-G17-PLCP strain in China. The results may advance our understanding of the evolution characteristics and pathogenesis of EV-G-PLCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Hong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zhang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jian-Ling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
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Bai J, Du C, Lu Y, Wang R, Su X, Yu K, Qin Q, Chen Y, Wei Z, Huang W, Ouyang K. Phylogenetic and Spatiotemporal Analyses of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Guangxi, China during 2017–2022. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071215. [PMID: 37048471 PMCID: PMC10093014 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has swept across China and spread throughout the country, causing huge economic losses. In this study, 673 diarrhea samples from 143 pig farms in Guangxi during 2017–2022 were collected and detected for PEDV. Ninety-eight strains were selected for S1 gene analyses and these strains were classified into four subgroups (G1b, G2a, G2b and G2c), accounting for 1.02 (1/98), 75.51 (74/98), 16.33 (16/98) and 7.14% (7/98) of the total, respectively. Importantly, an increased number of strains in the G2c subgroup was found from 2019 onwards. Bayesian analysis revealed that Guigang may have been the epicenter of PEDVs in Guangxi. In addition, Guigang was identified as the primary hub from which PEDVs spread via two routes, namely Guigang–Wuzhou and Guigang–Laibin. Moreover, several coinfections of novel PEDV variants bearing large deletions in the partial S1 protein and PEDVs possessing an intact partial S1 protein were found in pigs. Further recombination analyses indicated that two of the strains, 18-GXNN-6 and 19-GXBH-2, originated from intra-genogroup recombination. Together, our data revealed a new profile of PEDV in Guangxi, China, which enhances our understanding of the distribution, genetic characteristics and evolutionary profile of the circulating PEDV strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Chen Du
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ruomu Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xueli Su
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kechen Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Qiuying Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Correspondence:
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Umar S, Anderson BD, Chen K, Wang G, Ma M, Gray GC. Metagenomic analysis of endemic viruses in oral secretions from Chinese pigs. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1982-1992. [PMID: 36047475 PMCID: PMC9514493 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pigs are unique reservoirs for virus ecology. Despite the increased use of improved biosecurity measures, pig viruses readily circulate in Chinese swine farms. Objectives The main objective of this study was to examine archived swine oral secretion samples with a panel of pan‐species viral assays such that we might better describe the viral ecology of swine endemic viruses in Chinese farms. Methodology Two hundred (n = 200) swine oral secretion samples, collected during 2015 and 2016 from healthy pigs on six swine farms in two provinces in China, were screened with molecular pan‐species assays for coronaviruses (CoVs), adenoviruses (AdVs), enteroviruses (EVs), and paramyxoviruses (PMV). Samples were also screened for porcine circovirus (PCV) 3, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV). Results Among 200 swine oral secretion samples, 152 (76.0%) were found to have at least one viral detection. Thirty‐four samples (17%) were positive for more than one virus, including 24 (70.5%) with dual detection and 10 (29.5%) with triple detection. Seventy‐eight (39.0%) samples were positive for porcine AdVs, 22 (11.0%) were positive for porcine CoVs, 21 (10.5%) were positive for IAVs, 13 (6.5%) were positive for PCV, 7 (3.5%) were positive for PMV, six (3.0%) were positive for PRRSV and five (2.5%) were positive for porcine EV. Conclusion Our findings underscore the high prevalence of numerous viruses among production pigs in China and highlight the need for routine, periodic surveillance for novel virus emergence with the goal of protecting pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Umar
- Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan University Kunshan Jiangsu China
| | - Benjamin D. Anderson
- Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan University Kunshan Jiangsu China
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences Duke Kunshan University Kunshan Jiangsu China
| | - Kuanfu Chen
- Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan University Kunshan Jiangsu China
| | - Guo‐Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Mai‐Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Gregory C. Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases University of Texas Galveston USA
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore
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