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El Saftawy EA, Aboulhoda BE, Hassan FE, Ismail MAM, Alghamdi MA, Hussein SM, Amin NM. ACV with/without IVM: a new talk on intestinal CDX2 and muscular CD34 and Cyclin D1 during Trichinella spiralis infection. Helminthologia 2024; 61:124-141. [PMID: 39040803 PMCID: PMC11260317 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study assessed the efficacy of Acyclovir (ACV) and Ivermectin (IVM) as monotherapies and combined treatments for intestinal and muscular stages of Trichinella spiralis infection. One-hundred Swiss albino mice received orally 250 ± 50 infectious larvae and were divided into infected-untreated (Group-1), IVM-treated (Group-2), ACV-treated (Group-3), combined IVM+ACV (Group-4), and healthy controls (Group-5). Each group was subdivided into subgroup-A-enteric phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-7 p.i.) and subgroup-B-muscular phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-35 p.i.). Survival rate and body weight were recorded. Parasite burden and intestinal histopathology were assessed. In addition, immunohistochemical expression of epithelial CDX2 in the intestinal phase and CyclinD1 as well as CD34 in the muscular phase were evaluated. Compared, IVM and ACV monotherapies showed insignificant differences in the amelioration of enteric histopathology, except for lymphocytic counts. In the muscle phase, monotherapies showed variable disruptions in the encapsulated larvae. Compared with monotherapies, the combined treatment performed relatively better improvement of intestinal inflammation and reduction in the enteric and muscular parasite burden. CDX2 and CyclinD1 positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and parasite burden, while CD34 showed a negative correlation. CDX2 positively correlated with CyclinD1. CD34 negatively correlated with CDX2 and CyclinD1. IVM +ACV significantly ameliorated CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions compared with monotherapies. Conclusion. T. spiralis infection-associated inflammation induced CDX2 and CyclinD1 expressions, whereas CD34 was reduced. The molecular tumorigenic effect of the nematode remains questionable. Nevertheless, IVM +ACV appeared to be a promising anthelminthic anti-inflammatory combination that, in parallel, rectified CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. El Saftawy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Parasitology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - B. E. Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F. E. Hassan
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza11562, Egypt
- General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. A. M. Ismail
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. A. Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha62529, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. M. Hussein
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N. M. Amin
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tanabe MB, Caravedo MA, Clinton White A, Cabada MM. An Update on the Pathogenesis of Fascioliasis: What Do We Know? Res Rep Trop Med 2024; 15:13-24. [PMID: 38371362 PMCID: PMC10874186 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s397138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite distributed worldwide. It is known to cause disease in mammals, producing significant economic loses to livestock industry and burden to human health. After ingestion, the parasites migrate through the liver and mature in the bile ducts. A better understanding of the parasite's immunopathogenesis would help to develop efficacious therapeutics and vaccines. Currently, much of our knowledge comes from in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models. Relatively little is known about the host-parasite interactions in humans. Here, we provide a narrative review of what is currently know about the pathogenesis and host immune responses to F. hepatica summarizing the evidence available from the multiple hosts that this parasite infects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda B Tanabe
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maria A Caravedo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - A Clinton White
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Cusco Branch – Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Miguel M Cabada
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Cusco Branch – Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
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