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Wei C, Wang T, Shi R, Yu X, Jiang J, Chen Y, Cao M, Chen X. Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 attenuates ischemic white matter injury via HRH1-mediated microglial phagocytosis. Neurosci Lett 2024; 841:137952. [PMID: 39214333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The removal of axonal and myelin debris by macrophages is crucial for safeguarding nerves and facilitating functional recuperation in cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the physiological function of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in ischemic white matter injury remains poorly de-fined. In this study, we observed an elevation in Msr1 expression levels in mice with experimental cerebral ischemic stroke. Msr 1-deficient (Msr1-/-) mice exhibited exacerbated behavioral deficits and aggravated white matter injury after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the overexpression of Msr1 led to an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt via Hrh1, which in turn expedited the clearance of myelin debris through the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, our findings underscore the essential role of MSR1 in microglial phagocytosis and its ability to mitigate ischemic white matter injury in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunsheng Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongfen Shi
- Department of Nursing Care, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China.
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Takenouchi T, Masujin K, Ikeda R, Haraguchi S, Suzuki S, Uenishi H, Onda E, Kokuho T. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized red river hog blood-derived macrophage cell line. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1465952. [PMID: 39324137 PMCID: PMC11422137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1465952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Red river hogs (RRHs) (Potamochoerus porcus), a wild species of Suidae living in Africa with a major distribution in the Guinean and Congolian forests, are natural reservoirs of African swine fever virus (ASFV) and typically are asymptomatic. Since blood and tissue macrophages of suid animals are target cell lineages of ASFV, RRH-derived macrophages are expected to play an important role in suppressing disease development in infected individuals. In the present study, we successfully isolated RRH-derived blood macrophages using co-culture techniques of RRH blood cells with porcine kidney-derived feeder cells and immortalized them by transferring SV40 large T antigen and porcine telomerase reverse transcriptase genes. The newly established macrophage cell line of the RRH-derived blood cell origin (RZJ/IBM) exhibited an Iba1-, CD172a-, and CD203a-positive typical macrophage-like phenotype and up-regulated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p65 subunit and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in response to the bacterial cell wall components, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl dipeptide. In addition, RZJ/IBM cells produced the precursor form of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 upon a stimulation with LPS, leading to the conversion of IL-18, but not IL-1β, into the mature form. Time-lapse live cell imaging with pHrodo dye-conjugated Escherichia coli BioParticles demonstrated the phagocytotic activity of RZJ/IBM cells. It is important to note that RZJ/IBM cells are clearly susceptible to ASFV infection and support viral replication in vitro. Therefore, the RZJ/IBM cell line provides a unique model for investigating the pathogenesis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Masujin
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Rina Ikeda
- Kyusyu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiki Haraguchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shunichi Suzuki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiji Onda
- Yokohama Zoological Gardens, ZOORASIA, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kokuho
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kodaira, Japan
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Ramirez-Medina E, Rai A, Espinoza N, Spinard E, Silva E, Burton L, Clark J, Meyers A, Valladares A, Velazquez-Salinas L, Gay CG, Gladue DP, Borca MV. Recombinant Vaccine Strain ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK Produced in the IPKM Cell Line Is Genetically Stable and Efficacious in Inducing Protection in Pigs Challenged with the Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate Georgia 2010. Pathogens 2024; 13:319. [PMID: 38668274 PMCID: PMC11055038 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the recombinant African Swine Fever (ASF) vaccine candidate ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK efficiently induces protection in domestic pigs challenged with the virulent strain Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G). As reported, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK induces protection, while intramuscularly (IM), administered at doses of 104 HAD50 or higher, prevents ASF clinical disease in animals infected with the homologous ASFV g strain. Like other recombinant vaccine candidates obtained from ASFV field isolates, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK stocks need to be produced in primary cultures of swine macrophages, which constitutes an important limitation in the production of large virus stocks at the industrial level. Here, we describe the development of ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK stocks using IPKM (Immortalized Porcine Kidney Macrophage) cells, which are derived from swine macrophages. We show that ten successive passages of ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK in IPKM cells induced small changes in the virus genome. The produced virus, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUKp10, presented a similar level of replication in swine macrophages cultures to that of the original ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK (ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUKp0). The protective efficacy of ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUKp10 was evaluated in pigs that were IM-inoculated with either 104 or 106 HAD50 of ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUKp10. While animals inoculated with 104 HAD50 present a partial protection against the experimental infection with the virulent parental virus ASFV-G, those inoculated with 106 HAD50 were completely protected. Therefore, as was just recently reported for another ASF vaccine candidate, ASFV-G-ΔI177L, IPKM cells are an effective alternative to produce stocks for vaccine strains which only grow in swine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Ayushi Rai
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Edward Spinard
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Ediane Silva
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Leeanna Burton
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Jason Clark
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Amanda Meyers
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Alyssa Valladares
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Cyril G. Gay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.R.-M.); (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (L.V.-S.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.); (J.C.)
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Borca MV, Rai A, Espinoza N, Ramirez-Medina E, Spinard E, Velazquez-Salinas L, Valladares A, Silva E, Burton L, Meyers A, Gay CG, Gladue DP. African Swine Fever Vaccine Candidate ASFV-G-ΔI177L Produced in the Swine Macrophage-Derived Cell Line IPKM Remains Genetically Stable and Protective against Homologous Virulent Challenge. Viruses 2023; 15:2064. [PMID: 37896841 PMCID: PMC10612016 DOI: 10.3390/v15102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ASFV vaccine candidate ASFV-G-ΔI177L has been shown to be highly efficacious in inducing protection against challenges with the parental virus, the Georgia 2010 isolate, as well as against field strains isolated from Vietnam. ASFV-G-ΔI177L has been shown to produce protection even when used at low doses (102 HAD50) and shows no residual virulence even when administered at high doses (106 HAD50) or evaluated for a relatively long period of time (6 months). ASFV-G-ΔI177L stocks can only be massively produced in primary cell macrophages. Alternatively, its modified version (ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔLVR) grows in a swine-derived cell line (PIPEC), acquiring significant genomic modifications. We present here the development of ASFV-G-ΔI177L stocks in a swine macrophage cell line, IPKM, and its protective efficacy when evaluated in domestic pigs. Successive passing of ASFV-G-ΔI177L in IPKM cells produces minimal genomic changes. Interestingly, a stock of ASFV-G-ΔI177L obtained after 10 passages (ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10) in IPKM cells showed very small genomic changes when compared with the original virus stock. ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10 conserves similar growth kinetics in primary swine macrophage cultures than the original parental virus ASFV-G-ΔI177L. Pigs infected with 103 HAD50 of ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10 developed a strong virus-specific antibody response and were completely protected against the challenge with the parental virulent field isolate Georgia 2010. Therefore, IPKM cells could be an effective alternative for the production of ASFV vaccine stocks for those vaccine candidates exclusively growing in swine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Ayushi Rai
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Edward Spinard
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Alyssa Valladares
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ediane Silva
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Leeanna Burton
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Amanda Meyers
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Cyril G. Gay
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
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Álvarez B, Revilla C, Poderoso T, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Porcine Macrophage Markers and Populations: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2103. [PMID: 37626913 PMCID: PMC10453229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its importance as a livestock species, pig is increasingly being used as an animal model for biomedical research. Macrophages play critical roles in immunity to pathogens, tissue development, homeostasis and tissue repair. These cells are also primary targets for replication of viruses such as African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, which can cause huge economic losses to the pig industry. In this article, we review the current status of knowledge on porcine macrophages, starting by reviewing the markers available for their phenotypical characterization and following with the characteristics of the main macrophage populations described in different organs, as well as the effect of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. We will also review available cell lines suitable for studies on the biology of porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angel Ezquerra
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CSIC INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña, km7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.Á.); (C.R.); (T.P.); (J.D.)
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