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Federiconi A, Ghiaccio F, Mammi L, Cavallini D, Visentin G, Formigoni A, Palmonari A. Changes on the rumen microbial community composition in dairy cows subjected to an acidogenic diet. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00846-4. [PMID: 38825118 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
In modern breeding systems, cows are subjected to many stress factors. Animals fed with a high-grain diet may have a decreased rumen pH, which would lead to subacute ruminal acidosis syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of microbial community composition in cows undergoing a dietary stress challenge. Twelve cows were subjected to a challenge period consisted in a rapid change of ration, from a normal (45.4:54.6 forage: concentrate) to a high-grain content diet (24.8:75.2 forage: concentrate) to induce sub-acute ruminal acidosis. Individual rumen fluid content samples were collected before (T0), and during the challenge (T3, T14, T28). DNA from rumen contents was extracted, purified, and sequenced to evaluate Bacterial populations and sequencing was performed on Illumina MiSeq. The effect of animal conditions on rumen microbial community was quantified through a linear mixed model. The acidogenic diet created 2 main clusters: ruminal hypomotility (RH) and milk fat depression (MFD). The microbial composition did not differ in T0 between the 2 groups, while during the challenge Ruminococcus spp., Treponema spp., Methanobrevibacter spp., and Methanosphaera spp. concentrations increased in RH cows; Succinivibrio spp. and Butyrivibrio spp. concentrations increased in MFD cows. Prevotella spp. and Ruminococcus spp., were negatively correlated, while Christenellaceae family were positively correlated with both Methanobrevibacter spp. and Methanosphaera spp. Moreover, the same diet affected differently cows' microbiota composition, underlying the impact of the host effect. Other studies are necessary to deepen the relationship between microbiota composition and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Federiconi
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - F Ghiaccio
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - L Mammi
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - D Cavallini
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - G Visentin
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - A Formigoni
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - A Palmonari
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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2
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Buonaiuto G, Visentin G, Costa A, Niero G, Degano L, Cavallini D, Mammi LME, Palmonari A, Formigoni A, Lopez-Villalobos N. The effect of first-lactation calving season, milk production, and morphology on the survival of Simmental cows. Animal 2024; 18:101128. [PMID: 38574454 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Longevity in dairy and dual-purpose cattle is a complex trait which depends on many individual and managerial factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the survival (SURV) rate of Italian Simmental dual-purpose cows across different parities. Data of this study referred to 2 173 primiparous cows under official milk recording that calved between 2002 and 2020. Only cows linearly classified for type traits, including muscularity (MU) and body condition score (BCS) were kept. Survival analysis was carried out, through the Cox regression model, for different pairwise combinations of classes of milk productivity MU, BCS, and calving season. Herd-year of first calving was also considered in the model. SURV (0 = culled; 1 = survived) at each lactation up to the 6th were the dependent variables, so that, for example, SURV2 equal to 1 was attributed to cows that entered the 2nd lactation. Survival rates were 98, 71, 63, 56, and 53% for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th lactation, respectively. Results revealed that SURV2 was not dependent on milk yield, while in subsequent parities, low-producing cows were characterized by higher SURV compared to high-producing ones. Additionally, cows starting the lactation in autumn survived less (47.38%) than those starting in spring (53.49%), suggesting that facing the late gestation phase in summer could increase the culling risk. The present study indicates that SURV in Italian Simmental cows is influenced by various factors in addition to milk productivity. However, it is important to consider that in this study all first-calving cows culled before the linear evaluation - carried out between mid- and late lactation in this breed - were not accounted for. Finding can be transferred to other dual-purpose breeds, where the cows' body conformation and muscle development - i.e. meat-related features - are often considered as important as milk performance by farmers undertaking culling decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Buonaiuto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - G Visentin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - A Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - G Niero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Degano
- National Association of Italian Simmental Cattle Breeders (ANAPRI), Via Ippolito Nievo, 19, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - D Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - L M E Mammi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - A Palmonari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - A Formigoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - N Lopez-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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3
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Irawan A, Puerto-Hernandez GM, Ford HR, Busato S, Ates S, Cruickshank J, Ranches J, Estill CT, Trevisi E, Bionaz M. Feeding spent hemp biomass to lactating dairy cows: Effects on performance, milk components and quality, blood parameters, and nitrogen metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:258-277. [PMID: 37690708 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The legalization of industrial hemp by the 2018 Farm Bill in the United States has driven a sharp increase in its cultivation, including for cannabinoid extraction. Spent hemp biomass (SHB), produced from the extraction of cannabinoids, can potentially be used as feed for dairy cows; however, it is still illegal to do so in the United States, according to the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, due to the presence of cannabinoids and the lack of data on the effect on animals. To assess the safety of this byproduct as feed for dairy cows, late-lactation Jersey cows (245 ± 37 d in milk; 483 ± 38 kg body weight; 10 multiparous and 8 primiparous) received a basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet plus 13% alfalfa pellet (CON) or 13% pelleted SHB for 4 wk (intervention period [IP]) followed by 4 wk of withdrawal period (WP), where all cows received only the basal TMR during WP. The dry matter intake (DMI), body weight, body condition score, milk yield, milk components, and fatty acid profile, blood parameters, N metabolism, methane emission, and activity were measured. Results indicated that feeding SHB decreased DMI mainly due to the low palatability of the SHB pellet, as the cows consumed only 7.4% of the total TMR with 13.0% SHB pellet offered in the ration. However, milk yield was not affected during the IP and was higher than CON during the WP, leading to higher milk yield/DMI. Milk components were not affected, except for a tendency in decreased fat percentage. Milk fat produced by cows fed SHB had a higher proportion of oleate and bacteria-derived fatty acids than CON. The activity of the cows was not affected, except for a shorter overall lying time in SHB versus CON cows during the IP. Blood parameters related to immune function were not affected. Compared with CON, cows fed SHB had a lower cholesterol concentration during the whole experiment and higher β-hydroxybutyric acid during the WP, while a likely low-grade inflammation during the IP was indicated by higher ceruloplasmin and reactive oxidative metabolites. Other parameters related to liver health and inflammatory response were unaffected, except for a tendency for higher activity of alkaline phosphatase during IP and a lower activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase during WP in the SHB group versus CON. The bilirubin concentration was increased in cows fed SHB, suggesting a possible decrease in the clearance ability of the liver. Digestibility of the dry matter and protein and methane emission were not affected by feeding SHB. The urea, purine derivatives, and creatinine concentration in urine was unaffected, but cows fed SHB had higher N use efficiency and lower urine volume. Altogether, our data revealed a relatively low palatability of SHB affecting DMI with minimal biological effects, except for a likely low-grade inflammation, a higher N use efficiency, and a possible decrease in liver clearance. Overall, the data support the use of SHB as a safe feed ingredient for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agung Irawan
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126 Central Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Hunter Robert Ford
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Serkan Ates
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jenifer Cruickshank
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Charles T Estill
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331.
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Vettori JDM, Cavallini D, Giammarco M, Lanzoni L, Vignone O, Jalal H, Mammi L, Pezzi P, Formigoni A, Fusaro I. Parity and nutrient total-tract digestibility in dairy cows during transition period. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100313. [PMID: 37736571 PMCID: PMC10509770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cows experience many physiological, nutritional and social changes during transition period. This study aims to evaluate the differences in nutrients total-tract digestibility (nTTD) between primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) cows through the transition period. From -23, -5, 0, 7, 14, and 30 days from calving a sample of feed and feces samples were collected from 25 Holstein cows (11 PP and 14 MP) as well as daily rumination time through accelerometers. The results show that average nTTD were different (p ≤ 0.02) for amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber organic matter (aNDFom) and potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber (pdNDF240; 52.5 vs. 54.0 and 78.8 vs. 81.3, respectively in PP vs. MP), while no differences were found regarding pdNDF24 and starch (88.5 vs. 88.6 and 95.1 vs. 96.1, respectively in PP vs. MP). Total-tract starch digestibility (TTstarchD) was different among timepoints (p < 0.01), going from an average of 91.40 up to 97.39% of starch, on times -23 and 14, respectively. Differences in total-tract digestibility of aNDFom among timepoints (p < 0.01) was expected because of differences in diet composition among lactating and non-lactating cows. No differences in daily rumination time (p = 0.92), TTstarchD and total-tract potentially digestible NDF digestibility at 24 h (TTpdNDF24D) were recorded. Our findings show that fiber digestibility during the transition period is higher in MP probably for a different ruminal retention time. These differences should be considered when formulating rations for groups with different parity number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio de M. Vettori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Giammarco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lydia Lanzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Oreste Vignone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Hassan Jalal
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ludovica Mammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isa Fusaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Ceci L, Cavalera MA, Serrapica F, Di Francia A, Masucci F, Carelli G. Use of reclaimed urban wastewater for the production of hydroponic barley forage: water characteristics, feed quality and effects on health status and production of lactating cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1274466. [PMID: 38046569 PMCID: PMC10690813 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1274466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety of reclaimed urban wastewater (RUW) for the production of hydroponic barley forage (HBF) was evaluated in terms of effluent and forage characteristics, as well as the health and performance of lactating cows. The study was conducted on a dairy farm equipped with two hydroponic chambers producing approximately 620 kg/d of HBF as fed. For experimental purposes, HBF was produced using RUW collected from an aqueduct plant processing urban wastewater in a membrane bioreactor treatment chain. A feeding trial was carried out with HBF derived from RUW. Sixty lactating cows were randomly assigned to two balanced groups fed a standard total mixed ration (TMR) or a TMR in which 10 kg of HBF replaced 1 kg of oat hay and 0.5 kg of maize. The experimental period lasted 7 weeks, including a 2-week adaptation period, during which each cow underwent a physical examination, BCS scoring, blood sampling for a complete blood count and biochemical panel, recording of body weight and milk yield and quality, including fatty acid composition and heavy metal content. Ruminal pH was continuously monitored by reticulorumen boluses, and nutrient digestibility and N balance were determined at week 7. RUW showed an acceptable microbial load and an overall good quality as irrigation water, even though the supply of N and P did not influence the yield and quality of HBF. The characteristics of HBF reflected the quality of RUW supplied to the hydroponic chambers and no anomalous components (i.e., high ion concentration) were found. Feeding RW-derived HBF to lactating cows had no major positive or negative effects on animal health and production, including milk quality, ruminal pH, in vivo digestibility, and N balance. The use of RUW under the conditions tested appears to be safe for the health status of lactating cows and the quality of the milk obtained. Overall, the results do not reveal any major limitations for the use of tertiary wastewater as irrigation water for the hydroponic production of forage barley, so that a wider use of wastewater in hydroponic systems seems realistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Serrapica
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Francia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Felicia Masucci
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Grazia Carelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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Ma J, Liu H, Liu M, Xu J, Lu J, Cao S, Li S, Ma S, Wang Z, Zhu X, Li D, Sun H, Shi Y, Cui Y. Effects of Diets Combining Peanut Vine and Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Rumen Microbiota of Simmental Crossbred Cattle. Foods 2023; 12:3786. [PMID: 37893679 PMCID: PMC10606686 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut vine is a typical peanut by-product and can be used as a quality roughage resource. Whole-plant corn silage is a commonly used roughage. However, few studies have investigated the effects of diets combining peanut vine and whole-plant corn silage on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, rumen fermentation and microbiota of beef cattle. To investigate these effects, eighty Simmental crossbred cattle (body weight, 451.27 ± 10.38 kg) approximately 14 months old were randomly divided into four treatments for a 90-day feeding experiment. A one-way design method was used in this experiment. According to the roughage composition, the cattle were divided into a control treatment of 45% wheat straw and 55% whole-plant corn silage (WG), and three treatments of 25% peanut vine and 75% whole-plant corn silage (LPG), 45% peanut vine and 55% whole-plant corn silage (MPG), and 65% peanut vine and 35% whole-plant corn silage (HPG), and the concentrate was the same for all four treatment diets. The results showed that compared to the WG group, the MPG group experienced an increase in their average daily feed intake of 14%, an average daily gain of 32%, and an increase in SOD activity in the spleen of 33%; in the meat, dry matter content increased by 11%, crude protein by 9%, and ether extract content by 40%; in the rumen, the NH3-N content was reduced by 36%, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased (p < 0.05). These results showed the composition of 45% peanut vine and 55% whole-plant corn silage in the roughage improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, rumen fermentation, and microbiota of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Junying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Jiading Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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7
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Niwa MVG, Ítavo LCV, Ítavo CCBF, Dias AM, Dos Santos Difante G, Longhini VZ, da Costa Gomes R, Vedovatto M, Gurgel ALC, de Moraes GJ, de Aquino Monteiro GO. Effect of physically effective neutral detergent fiber on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal and blood parameters, and ingestive behavior of confined beef cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:224. [PMID: 37222852 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of levels of physically effective neutral detergent fiber from forage (NDFfor) on confined cattle's metabolism and ingestive behavior. Four crossbred steers (514.0 ± 4.54 kg BW) rumen-cannulated were used. The animals were randomly distributed in a 4×4 Latin square design, and the treatments were diets with 9.5%, 5.5%, 2.5%, and 0.0% NDF from whole plant corn silage. The trial was divided into 4 periods of 21 days. The dry matter, organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), physically effective NDF 8mm (peNDF8mm) and NDF1.18mm intakes, and the digestibility of OM and NDF showed a quadratic behavior. The rumen pH values showed a decreasing linear, and the time at pH below 5.8 increased linearly in the diets with lower NDFfor. The production of volatile fatty acids and the proportions of propionate and butyrate showed an increasing quadratic behavior. On the other hand, the proportion of acetate fitted a decreasing quadratic equation. With the lower participation of forage in the diets, the time spent on rumination activity decreased in a quadratic way, and the time spent in idleness increased in a quadratic way. The corn silage can be reduced to 135 g/kg DM in the diet to obtain a minimum of 5.5% of NDF from roughage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Garcia Niwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Costa Gomes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriella Jorgetti de Moraes
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
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8
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Effect of Dietary Organic Acids and Botanicals on Metabolic Status and Milk Parameters in Mid-Late Lactating Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050797. [PMID: 36899655 PMCID: PMC10000138 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The microencapsulated mixture of organic acids and pure botanicals (OA/PB) has never been evaluated in goats. The aim of this study was to extend the analysis to mid-late lactating dairy goats, evaluating the effects of OA/PB supplementation on the metabolic status, milk bacteriological and composition characteristics, and milk yield. Eighty mid-late lactating Saanen goats were randomly assigned to two groups: one group was fed the basal total balanced ration (TMR) (CRT; n = 40) and the other was fed a diet that was TMR supplemented with 10 g/head of OA/PB (TRT; n = 40) for 54 days during the summer period. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was recorded hourly. On days T0, T27, and T54, the milk yield was recorded, and blood and milk samples were collected during the morning milking. A linear mixed model was used, considering the fixed effects: diet, time, and their interaction. The THI data (mean ± SD: 73.5 ± 3.83) show that the goats did not endure heat stress. The blood parameters fell within the normal range, confirming that their metabolic status was not negatively influenced by OA/PB supplementation. OA/PB increased the milk fat content (p = 0.04) and milk coagulation index (p = 0.03), which are effects that are looked on as favorable by the dairy industry in relation to cheese production.
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Gunun P, Cherdthong A, Khejornsart P, Polyorach S, Kaewwongsa W, Gunun N. Potential Use of Kasedbok ( Neptunia javanica Miq.) on Feed Intake, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbial Populations in Thai Native Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040733. [PMID: 36830520 PMCID: PMC9952691 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the influence of Kasedbok (Neptunia javanica Miq.) on the feed utilization, rumen fermentation, and microbial population in Thai Native beef cattle. Four animals with a mean body weight of 295 ± 15 kg were randomly arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four treatments, utilizing 0, 80, 160, and 240 g/kg Kasedbok in concentrate. Local feed resources, including cassava chips, rice bran, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal, were utilized to formulate the concentrate diets, which contained between 11.8 and 12.0% crude protein (CP). The trial was conducted for four periods of three weeks each. The first two weeks consisted of an adaptation period, while the final week was a sampling period. The findings of the current study reveal that feed intake, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were similar between treatments. In addition, there was no effect of Kasedbok levels on rumen pH, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, or volatile fatty acid. However, increasing the inclusion level of Kasedbok linearly decreased CP digestibility and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (p = 0.04). In contrast, the population of fungal zoospores improved significantly (p = 0.03), while the bacterial and protozoal counts remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Furthermore, when the level of Kasedbok was increased from 0 to 80, 160, and 240 g/kg DM, the cost of concentrate decreased by 4.1, 7.8, and 10.6 USD/100 kg DM, respectively. The results of this experiment suggest that utilizing 240 g/kg of Kasedbok in a concentrated mixture will not affect feed utilization, rumen fermentation, improve microbial population, and reduce feed cost in Thai native beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research, Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pichad Khejornsart
- Department of Agriculture and Resource, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chalermphakiat Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Polyorach
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Walailuck Kaewwongsa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand
| | - Nirawan Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-42-211-040
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