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Liu Z, Li C, Hu Y, Fang S, Li X, Zhang C, Huang L, Qian J, Wang G, Fan A, Zhang J, Geri L. Protective evaluation of the commercialized porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines in piglets challenged by NADC34-like strain. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1422335. [PMID: 38989029 PMCID: PMC11233820 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1422335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In China, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has undergone several variations over the decades and contributed to the diversity of the clinical epidemic PRRSV strains. This has complicated the prevention and control of PRRS. In particular, the efficacy of the currently available commercial vaccines against the highly pathogenic NADC34-like strains is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the protection efficacy of three commercial PRRS modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines derived from classical PRRS VR2332 MLV and R98 MLV against challenge with a heterologous NADC34-like PRRSV strain, JS2021NADC34, which has high pathogenicity in pigs. PRRSV- and antibody-free piglets were immunized with the PRRS VR2332 MLV vaccine or either of two R98 MLV vaccines (from different manufacturers) and were challenged with the JS2021NADC34 strain 28 days after immunization. Rectal temperature, clinical symptoms, viremia and viral shedding from the nose, gross lesions in the thymus and lungs, microscopic lesions and viral distribution in the lungs, as well as the humoral immune response and mortality rates were recorded over a 14-day post-challenge period. The results showed that PRRS VR2332 MLV had better efficacy against the JS2021NADC34 challenge than PRRS R98 MLV, with vaccinated piglets in the former group showing transient and mild symptoms, mild pathological lesions in the lungs, mild thymic atrophy, and low viral levels in sera and nasal swabs, as well as better growth performance and a 100% survival rate. In contrast, two PRRS R98 MLVs exhibited limited efficacy against the JS2021NADC34 challenge, with the piglets in two R98 groups showing obvious clinical symptoms and pathological changes in the lungs and thymus; moreover, there were two deaths caused by PRRS in two R98 groups, respectively. Despite this, the mortality rate was lower than that of the unvaccinated piglets that were challenged with JS2021NADC34. The cumulative results demonstrate that PRRS VR2332 MLV was partly effective against the highly pathogenic PRRSV NADC34-like strain based on the observations over the 14-day post-challenge period. Thus, it might be a viable option among the commercially available vaccines for control of NADC34-like virus infections in swine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province (2023B1212060040), Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaosi Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhe Fang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province (2023B1212060040), Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lv Huang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Aihua Fan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province (2023B1212060040), Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Letu Geri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Li J, Miller LC, Sang Y. Current Status of Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: Interferon Response, Immunological Overview, and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:606. [PMID: 38932335 PMCID: PMC11209547 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a formidable challenge for the global pig industry. Caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), this disease primarily affects porcine reproductive and respiratory systems, undermining effective host interferon and other immune responses, resulting in vaccine ineffectiveness. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments for PRRSV, vaccines play a crucial role in managing the disease. The current market features a range of vaccine technologies, including live, inactivated, subunit, DNA, and vector vaccines, but only modified live virus (MLV) and killed virus (KV) vaccines are commercially available for PRRS control. Live vaccines are promoted for their enhanced protective effectiveness, although their ability to provide cross-protection is modest. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines are emphasized for their safety profile but are limited in their protective efficacy. This review updates the current knowledge on PRRS vaccines' interactions with the host interferon system, and other immunological aspects, to assess their current status and evaluate advents in PRRSV vaccine development. It presents the strengths and weaknesses of both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines in the prevention and management of PRRS, aiming to inspire the development of innovative strategies and technologies for the next generation of PRRS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyi Li
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Laura C. Miller
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
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Zhao HZ, Liu CY, Meng H, Sun CL, Yang HW, Wang H, Zou J, Li P, Han FY, Qi G, Zhang Y, Lin BB, Liu C, Chen MM, Zhang PL, Chen XD, Zhang YD, Song QJ, Wen YJ, Wang FX. Evolution Characterization and Pathogenicity of an NADC34-like PRRSV Isolated from Inner Mongolia, China. Viruses 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38793564 PMCID: PMC11125647 DOI: 10.3390/v16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a pathogen that causes severe abortions in sows and high piglet mortality, resulting in huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. The emerging and novel PRRSV isolates are clinically and biologically important, as there are likely recombination and pathogenic differences among PRRSV genomes. Furthermore, the NADC34-like strain has become a major epidemic strain in some parts of China, but the characterization and pathogenicity of the latest strain in Inner Mongolia have not been reported in detail. In this study, an NADC34-like strain (CHNMGKL1-2304) from Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia was successfully isolated and characterized, and confirmed the pathogenicity in pigs. The phylogenetic tree showed that this strain belonged to sublineage 1.5 and had high homology with the strain JS2021NADC34. There is no recombination between CHNMGKL1-2304 and any other domestic strains. Animal experiments show that the CHNMGKL1-2304 strain is moderately virulent to piglets, which show persistent fever, weight loss and high morbidity but no mortality. The presence of PRRSV nucleic acids was detected in both blood, tissues, nasal and fecal swabs. In addition, obvious pathological changes and positive signals were observed in lung, lymph node, liver and spleen tissues when subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). This report can provide a basis for epidemiological investigations and subsequent studies of PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | - Hai Meng
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Cheng-Long Sun
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Hong-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Jian Zou
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Feng-Ye Han
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Gen Qi
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Bing-Bing Lin
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Meng-Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Pan-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Yi-Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Qian-Jin Song
- Yinchuan Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center, Yinchuan 750000, China;
| | - Yong-Jun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Feng-Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.-Z.Z.); (H.M.); (C.-L.S.); (H.-W.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (F.-Y.H.); (G.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.-B.L.); (C.L.); (M.-M.C.); (P.-L.Z.); (X.-D.C.); (Y.-D.Z.); (Y.-J.W.)
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Calderon-Rico F, Bravo-Patiño A, Mendieta I, Perez-Duran F, Zamora-Aviles AG, Franco-Correa LE, Ortega-Flores R, Hernandez-Morales I, Nuñez-Anita RE. Glycoprotein 5-Derived Peptides Induce a Protective T-Cell Response in Swine against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Viruses 2023; 16:14. [PMID: 38275949 PMCID: PMC10819526 DOI: 10.3390/v16010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the T-cell responses induced by lineal epitopes of glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from PRRSV to explore the role of this protein in the immunological protection mediated by T-cells. The GP5 peptides were conjugated with a carrier protein for primary immunization and booster doses. Twenty-one-day-old pigs were allocated into four groups (seven pigs per group): control (PBS), vehicle (carrier), PTC1, and PTC2. Cytokine levels were measured at 2 days post-immunization (DPI) from serum samples. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs, CD8+) from peripheral blood were quantified via flow cytometry at 42 DPI. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by co-culturing primed lymphocytes with PRRSV derived from an infectious clone. The PTC2 peptide increased the serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) and cytokines that activate the adaptive cellular immunity associated with T-lymphocytes (i.e., IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12). The concentration of CTLs (CD8+) was significantly higher in groups immunized with the peptides, which suggests a proliferative response in this cell population. Primed CTLs from immunized pigs showed cytolytic activity in PRRSV-infected cells in vitro. PTC1 and PTC2 peptides induced a protective T-cell-mediated response in pigs immunized against PRRSV, due to the presence of T epitopes in their sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Calderon-Rico
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Patiño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Irasema Mendieta
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimico-Biológicas, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro PC 76010, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Perez-Duran
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Alicia Gabriela Zamora-Aviles
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Luis Enrique Franco-Correa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Roberto Ortega-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Ilane Hernandez-Morales
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Leon, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Blv. UNAM No. 2011, Leon PC 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
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Zhang H, Li C, Xu H, Gong B, Li W, Guo Z, Xiang L, Sun Q, Zhao J, Peng J, Wang Q, Zhou G, Tang YD, An T, Cai XH, Tian ZJ. Protective efficacy of a candidate live attenuated vaccine derived from the SD-R strain of lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus against a lethal challenge with HP-PRRSV HuN4 in piglets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0198423. [PMID: 37819126 PMCID: PMC10714764 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01984-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Both highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) and NADC30-like PRRSV have caused tremendous economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. In this study, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative HP-PRRSV strain (HuN4). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed obvious clinical symptoms of PRRSV infection, with a mortality rate up to 40%. In contrast, all the piglets in the vaccinated challenged group survived, and only some pigs had transient fever. The daily gain of SD-R immunized group piglets was significantly increased, and the pathological changes were significantly reduced. In addition, the viral replication levels in the serum of the immunized group were significantly lower than those of the challenged control group. The live attenuated vaccine SD-R strain can provide protection against HP-PRRSV challenge, indicating that the SD-R strain is a promising vaccine candidate for use in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Zhu H, Wei L, Liu X, Liu S, Chen H, Chen P, Li X, Qian P. Pathogenicity Studies of NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus LNSY-GY and NADC30-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GXGG-8011 in Piglets. Viruses 2023; 15:2247. [PMID: 38005924 PMCID: PMC10674415 DOI: 10.3390/v15112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused significant economic losses to the swine industry. The U.S., China, and Peru have reported NADC30-like or NADC34-like PRRSV-infected piglets, which have been identified as the cause of a significant number of abortions in clinics. Although the pathogenicity of NADC30-like PRRSV and NADC34-like PRRSV in piglets exhibits significant variability globally, studies on their pathogenicity in China are limited. In this study, the animal experiments showed that within 8-14 days post-infection, both piglets infected with NADC30-like PRRSV GXGG-8011 and those infected with NADC34-like PRRSV LNSY-GY exhibited significant weight loss compared to the control piglets. Additionally, the viremia of the LNSY-GY persisted for 28 days, while the viremia of piglets infected with the GXGG-8011 lasted for 17 days. Similarly, the duration of viral shedding through the fecal-oral route after the LNSY-GY infection was longer than that observed after the GXGG-8011 infection. Furthermore, post-infection, both the LNSY-GY and GXGG-8011 led to pronounced histopathological lesions in the lungs of piglets, including interstitial pneumonia and notable viral colonization. However, the antibody production in the LNSY-GY-infected group occurred earlier than that in the GXGG-8011-infected group. Our research findings indicate that LNSY-GY is a mildly pathogenic strain in piglets, whereas we speculate that the GXGG-8011 might be a highly pathogenic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liuqing Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangzu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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Xu H, Li C, Gong B, Li W, Guo Z, Sun Q, Zhao J, Xiang L, Li J, Tang YD, Leng C, Wang Q, Peng J, Zhou G, Liu H, An T, Cai X, Tian ZJ, Zhang H. Protective Efficacy of a Candidate Live-Attenuated Vaccine Derived from the SD-R Strain against NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1349. [PMID: 37631917 PMCID: PMC10459522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains were first detected in China in 2017 and became major circulating strains in 2021. Our previous study showed that the live-attenuated vaccine candidate SD-R strain could provide broad cross-protection against different NADC30-like PRRSVs (sublineage 1.8). However, the protective effect of SD-R against NADC34-like PRRSV is unclear. Here, a novel NADC34-like PRRSV, LNTZJ1341-2012, was isolated from a pig farm experiencing disease in 2020. Sequence analysis revealed that LNTZJ1341-2012 belonged to PRRSV-2 sublineage 1.5, exhibited the same Nsp2 amino-acid deletion characteristics as IA/2014/NADC34, and had not recombined with other strains. Additionally, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative NADC34-like strain (LNTZJ1341-2012). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed clinical signs typical of PRRSV infection, including transient fever, high viremia, mild clinical symptoms, and histopathological changes in the lungs and submaxillary lymph nodes. In contrast, SD-R vaccination significantly reduced serum and lung tissue viral loads, and vaccinated piglets did not show any clinical symptoms or histopathological changes. Our results demonstrated that LNTZJ1341-2012 is a mildly virulent NADC34-like PRRSV and that the live-attenuated vaccine SD-R can prevent the onset of clinical signs upon challenge with the NADC34-like PRRSV LNTZJ1341-2012 strain, indicating that SD-R is a promising vaccine candidate for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Wansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Zhenyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jinhao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Huairan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
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Zhao HZ, Wang FX, Han XY, Guo H, Liu CY, Hou LN, Wang YX, Zheng H, Wang L, Wen YJ. Recent advances in the study of NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:950402. [PMID: 35935186 PMCID: PMC9354828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.950402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was first described in China in 1996, several genetically distinct strains of PRRSV have emerged with varying pathogenicity and severity, thereby making the prevention and control of PRRS more difficult in China and worldwide. Between 2017 and 2021, the detection rate of NADC34-like strain in China increased. To date, NADC34-like strains have spread to 10 Chinese provinces and have thus developed different degrees of pathogenicity and mortality. In this review, we summarize the history of NADC34-like strains in China and clarify the prevalence, genomic characteristics, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, recombination, pathogenicity, and vaccine status of this strain in China. In so doing, this study aims to provide a basis for the further development of prevention and control measures targeting the NADC34-like strain.
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Zhang Z, Qu X, Wang X, Li Z, Yang S, Sun L, Zhou B. Production Performance of Four Pig Herds Infected With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Using the “Load-Close-Exposure” Approach in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:882971. [PMID: 35647104 PMCID: PMC9132538 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important swine diseases causing enormous losses to pig producers all over the world. The intervention measure of “load-close-exposure” [interrupting the introduction of replacement pigs combined with whole-herd exposure to live PRRS virus (PRRSV)] has been widely used in North America and has shown wonderful outcomes in controlling PRRS in the field. In the present study, we performed analyses of the production performance of four herds acutely infected with PRRSV by adopting this measure for the first time in China. Our results showed that the development rate of gilts decreased by a mean of 8.56%, the farrowing rate of breeding sows decreased from 86.18 to 77.61%, the number of piglets born alive per sow decreased by a mean of 0.73 pigs, and the pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality of piglets increased by a mean of 2.74–4.97% compared to the parameters of 6 months before an outbreak. The time to PRRSV stability (TTS), defined as the time in weeks it took to produce PRRSV-negative pigs at weaning, is an important indicator of successful control of PRRSV. The median TTS among herds A, C, and D was 21.8 weeks (21.6 22.1 weeks). In herd B, TTS was 42.3 weeks, which could be explained by the double introduction of gilts. Our study suggests that the “load-close-exposure” strategy may be a good alternative for Chinese producers and veterinaries to control PRRS in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiangyang Qu
- Nanjing Dr. Vet Health Management CO., LTD, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyang Qu
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Nanjing Dr. Vet Health Management CO., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- Nanjing Dr. Vet Health Management CO., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Liumei Sun
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Lineage 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Attenuated Live Vaccine Provides Broad Cross-Protection against Homologous and Heterologous NADC30-Like Virus Challenge in Piglets. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050752. [PMID: 35632508 PMCID: PMC9146329 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that endangers the swine industry worldwide. Recently, lineage 1 PRRSVs, especially NADC30-like PRRSVs, have become the major endemic strains in many pig-breeding countries. Since 2016, NADC30-like PRRSV has become the predominant strain in China. Unfortunately, current commercial vaccines cannot provide sufficient protection against this strain. Here, an attenuated lineage 1 PRRSV strain, named SD-R, was obtained by passaging an NADC30-like PRRSV strain SD in Marc-145 cells for 125 passages. Four-week-old PRRSV-free piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with 105.0TCID50 SD-R and then challenged intramuscularly (2 mL) and intranasally (2 mL) with homologous NADC30-like PRRSV SD (1 × 105.0TCID50/mL) and heterologous NADC30-like PRRSV HLJWK108-1711 (1 × 105.0TCID50/mL). The results showed that antibodies against specific PRRSVs in 5 of 5 immunized piglets were positive after a 14-day post-vaccination and did not develop fever or clinical diseases after NADC30-like PRRSV challenges. Additionally, compared with challenge control piglets, vaccinated piglets gained significantly more weight and showed much milder pathological lesions. Furthermore, the viral replication levels of the immunized group were significantly lower than those of the challenge control group. These results demonstrate that lineage 1 PRRSV SD-R is a good candidate for an efficacious vaccine, providing complete clinical protection for piglets against NADC30-like PRRSVs.
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