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Navarro León AI, Muñoz M, Iglesias N, Blanco-Vázquez C, Balseiro A, Milhano Santos F, Ciordia S, Corrales FJ, Iglesias T, Casais R. Proteomic Serum Profiling of Holstein Friesian Cows with Different Pathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis Reveals Changes in the Acute-Phase Response and Lipid Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37863471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The lack of sensitive diagnostic methods to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) subclinical infections has hindered the control of paratuberculosis (PTB). The serum proteomic profiles of naturally infected cows presenting focal and diffuse pathological forms of PTB and negative controls (n = 4 per group) were analyzed using TMT-6plex quantitative proteomics. Focal and diffuse are the most frequent pathological forms in subclinical and clinical stages of PTB, respectively. One (focal versus (vs.) control), eight (diffuse vs. control), and four (focal vs. diffuse) differentially abundant (DA) proteins (q-value < 0.05) were identified. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the DA proteins revealed changes in the acute-phase response and lipid metabolism. Six candidate biomarkers were selected for further validation by specific ELISA using serum from animals with focal, multifocal, and diffuse PTB-associated lesions (n = 108) and controls (n = 56). Overall, the trends of the serum expression levels of the selected proteins were consistent with the proteomic results. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (ORM1)-based ELISA, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2)-based ELISA, and the anti-Map ELISA had the best diagnostic performance for detection of animals with focal, multifocal, and diffuse lesions, respectively. Our findings identify potential biomarkers that improve diagnostic sensitivity of PTB and help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in PTB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Isabel Navarro León
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Natalia Iglesias
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Vázquez
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Fátima Milhano Santos
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Proteored-ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Proteored-ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando J Corrales
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Proteored-ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Iglesias
- Unidad de Consultoría Estadística, Servicios Científico-técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus de Gijón, 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario [SERIDA], 33394 Deva, Asturias, Spain
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Alonso-Hearn M, Ballesteros A, Navarro A, Badia-Bringué G, Casais R. Lateral-flow assays for bovine paratuberculosis diagnosis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1257488. [PMID: 37901111 PMCID: PMC10601461 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1257488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes bovine paratuberculosis (PTB). PTB is responsible for significant economic losses in dairy herds around the word. PTB control programs that rely on testing and culling of test-positive cows have been developed. Current diagnostics, such as ELISA for detecting MAP antibodies in serum samples and PCR detecting MAP DNA in feces, have inadequate sensitivity for detecting subclinical animals. Innovative "omics" technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology-based RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), proteomics and metabolomics can be used to find host biomarkers. The discovered biomarkers (RNA, microRNAs, proteins, metabolites) can then be used to develop new and more sensitive approaches for PTB diagnosis. Traditional approaches for measuring host antibodies and biomarkers, such as ELISAs, northern blotting, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), cDNA microarrays, and mass spectrometry are time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes exhibit poor sensitivity. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, low-cost monitoring devices for measuring antibodies against MAP proteins in point-of-care (POC) settings have been developed. Lateral flow assays (LFAs), in particular, are thought to be appropriate for the on-site detection of antibodies to MAP antigens and/or host biomarkers. This review aims to summarize LFAs that have recently been developed to accurately detect antibodies against MAP antigens, as well as the benefits that host biomarkers linked with MAP infection give to PTB diagnosis. The identification of these novel biomarkers could be the basis for the development of new LFAs. The dairy industry and producers are likely to benefit from reliable and rapid technologies capable of detecting MAP infection in situ to establish a quick and sensitive PTB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ballesteros
- Biolan Health S.L, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandra Navarro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Center of Animal Biotechnology, Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gerard Badia-Bringué
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Center of Animal Biotechnology, Deva, Asturias, Spain
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Canive M, Badia-Bringué G, Alonso-Hearn M. The Upregulation of Cathepsin G Is Associated with Resistance to Bovine Paratuberculosis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3038. [PMID: 36359162 PMCID: PMC9655680 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An in silico genomic-transcriptomic combined approach allowed the identification of a polymorphism (cis-eQTL-rs41976219) in the Bos taurus genome associated with the CTSG mRNA expression in bovine blood samples, which suggests that individual genetic variation might modulate the CTSG transcriptional response. In the current study, a sandwich ELISA is used to measure the CTSG protein levels in supernatants of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) isolated from cows with the AA (n = 5) and AC (n = 11) genotypes for the rs41976219 and infected ex vivo with MAP. Cows with the AC genotype have significantly higher CTSG protein levels (1.85 ng/mL) in the supernatants of enriched CD14+-MDMs after 2 h of infection when compared with infected CD14+-MDMs from cows with the AA genotype (1.68 ng/mL). Statistically significant differences in the intracellular MAP load at 7 d p.i. are observed between animals with the AA (2.16 log CFUs) and AC (1.44 log CFUs) genotypes. Finally, the association between the rs41976219 allelic variants and resistance to PTB is tested in a larger cattle population (n = 943) classified according to the presence (n = 442) or absence (n = 501) of PTB-associated lesions. The presence of the two minor alleles in the rs41976219 (CC) is more frequent among healthy cows than in cows with PTB-associated lesions in gut tissues (2.2% vs. 1.4%, OR = 0.61). In agreement with this, the CTSG levels in plasma samples of cows without lesions in gut tissues and with the CC (n = 8) genotype are significantly higher than in the plasmas of cows with the AA + AC (n = 36) genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Canive
- NEIKER-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850 Derio, Spain
| | - Gerard Badia-Bringué
- NEIKER-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850 Derio, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Hearn
- NEIKER-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850 Derio, Spain
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Badia-Bringué G, Canive M, Casais R, Blanco-Vázquez C, Amado J, Iglesias N, González A, Bascones M, Juste RA, Alonso-Hearn M. Evaluation of a droplet digital PCR assay for quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA in whole-blood and fecal samples from MAP-infected Holstein cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944189. [PMID: 36246323 PMCID: PMC9563315 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease that affects ruminants worldwide and is a burden on the dairy industry. PTB control measures include culling of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-infected animals from the herd and the enhancement of farm-biosecurity measures. Diagnostics tools for the direct detection of MAP are fecal real-time qPCR and bacteriological culture, the last one being considered the gold standard. However, both show limitations for detecting subclinical MAP-infected cattle with low bacterial load in feces and gut tissues. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a third-generation PCR method that shows high reproducibility for the quantification of low DNA copy numbers. The objective of this study was to design a ddPCR assay to detect and quantify a fragment of the F57 MAP-specific sequence in samples of naturally MAP-infected Holstein cattle. DNA was isolated from whole-blood and fecal samples from control cows with a negative ELISA and qPCR result (N = 75) and from cows with PTB-associated focal (N = 32), multifocal (N = 21), and diffuse lesions (N = 17) in gut tissues. After ddPCR, the DNA extracted from fecal samples of cows with diffuse lesions showed higher mean copies per microliter (13,791.2 copies/μl) than samples from cows with multifocal lesions (78.8 copies/μl), focal lesions (177.1 copies/μl) or control cows (4.8 copies/μl) (P ≤ 0.05). Significant differences in mean DNA copies/μl were also observed in the blood samples from cows with focal lesions (47.7 copies/μl) when compared with cows with multifocal and diffuse lesions; 18.1 and 12.4 copies/μl, respectively. Using a principal component analysis, the results of the fecal ddPCR clustered together with the results of a commercial ELISA for the specific detection of MAP antibodies, fecal and tissue qPCR, and bacteriological culture results. In contrast, blood ddPCR results clustered together with the results of an ELISA for the detection of a biomarker of subclinical PTB, the ABCA13 transporter. Blood ddPCR was the most sensitive tool (sensitivity 71%, specificity 100%) of all the quantitative methods used in the study for the detection of subclinical cows with focal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Badia-Bringué
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Canive
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Deva, Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Vázquez
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Deva, Spain
| | - Javier Amado
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal del Principado de Asturias, Gijón, Spain
| | - Natalia Iglesias
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Deva, Spain
| | - Aitor González
- Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Mertxe Bascones
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Ramon A. Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Alonso-Hearn
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Park HE, Park JS, Park HT, Shin JI, Kim KM, Park SR, Choi JG, Jung M, Kang HL, Baik SC, Lee WK, Yoo HS, Shin MK. Fetuin as a potential serum biomarker to detect subclinical shedder of bovine paratuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105675. [PMID: 35820578 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic contagious granulomatous enteritis of wild and domestic ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). PTB causes considerable economic losses to the dairy industry through decreased milk production and premature culling. PTB-affected cattle undergo a subclinical stage without clinical signs and initiate fecal shedding of MAP into the environment. Current diagnostic tools have low sensitivity for the detection of subclinical PTB infection. Therefore, alternative diagnostic tools are required to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of subclinical PTB infection. In this study, we performed ELISA for three previously identified host biomarkers (fetuin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and apolipoprotein) and analyzed their diagnostic performance with conventional PTB diagnostic methods. We observed that serum fetuin levels were significantly lowered in the subclinical shedder and clinical shedder groups than in the healthy control group, indicating its potential utility as a diagnostic biomarker for bovine PTB. Also, fetuin showed an excellent discriminatory power with an AUC = 0.949, a sensitivity of 92.6%, and a specificity of 94.4% for the detection of subclinical MAP infection. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that fetuin could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for enhancing the diagnostic sensitivity for the detection of subclinical MAP infections that are difficult to detect based on current diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Tae Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ih Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Min Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Rin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Lyun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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