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Li C, Fan A, Liu Z, Wang G, Zhou L, Zhang H, Huang L, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Prevalence, Time of Infection, and Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China. Viruses 2024; 16:774. [PMID: 38793655 PMCID: PMC11125865 DOI: 10.3390/v16050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRVS) is a major swine viral pathogen that affects the pig industry worldwide. Control of early PRRSV infection is essential, and different types of PRRSV-positive samples can reflect the time point of PRRSV infection. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of PRRSV in China from Q4 2021 to Q4 2022, which will be beneficial for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)control in the swine production industry in the future. A total of 7518 samples (of processing fluid, weaning serum, and oral fluid) were collected from 100 intensive pig farms in 21 provinces, which covered all five pig production regions in China, on a quarterly basis starting from the fourth quarter of 2021 and ending on the fourth quarter of 2022. Independent of sample type, 32.1% (2416/7518) of the total samples were PCR-positive for PRRSV, including 73.6% (1780/2416) samples that were positive for wild PRRSV, and the remaining were positive for PRRSV vaccine strains. On the basis of the time of infection, 58.9% suckling piglets (processing fluid) and 30.8% weaning piglets (weaning serum) showed PRRSV infection at an early stage (approximately 90% of the farms). The sequencing analysis results indicate a wide range of diverse PRRSV wild strains in China, with lineage 1 as the dominant strain. Our study clearly demonstrates the prevalence, infection stage, and diversity of PRRSV in China. This study provides useful data for the epidemiological understanding of PRRSV, which can contribute to the strategic and systematic prevention and control of PRRSV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosi Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China; (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Aihua Fan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China; (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China;
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Lv Huang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China; (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China;
| | - Yan Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China;
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Bálint Á, Jakab S, Kaszab E, Marton S, Bányai K, Kecskeméti S, Szabó I. Spatiotemporal Distribution of PRRSV-1 Clades in Hungary with a Focus on the Era of Disease Eradication. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:175. [PMID: 38200906 PMCID: PMC10778080 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the cause of the most severe economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. PRRSV is extremely diverse in Europe, which poses a significant challenge to disease control within a country or any region. With the combination of phylogenetic reconstruction and network analysis, we aimed to uncover the major routes of the dispersal of PRRSV clades within Hungary. In brief, by analyzing >2600 ORF5 sequences, we identified at least 12 clades (including 6 clades within lineage 1 and 3 clades within lineage 3) common in parts of Western Europe (including Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands) and identified 2 novel clades (designated X1 and X2). Of interest, some genetic clades unique to other central European countries, such as the Czech Republic and Poland, were not identified. The pattern of PRRSV clade distribution is consistent with the route of the pig trade among countries, showing that most of the identified clades were introduced from Western Europe when fatteners were transported to Hungary. As a result of rigorous implementation of the national eradication program, the swine population was declared officially free from PRRSV. This map of viral diversity and clade distribution will serve as valuable baseline information for the maintenance of PRRSV-free status in the post-eradication era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (E.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szilvia Jakab
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (E.K.); (S.M.)
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medicinal Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (E.K.); (S.M.)
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medicinal Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Marton
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (E.K.); (S.M.)
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medicinal Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (E.K.); (S.M.)
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medicinal Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kecskeméti
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Szabó
- National PRRS Eradication Committee, H-1024 Budapest, Hungary;
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Lee MA, Jayaramaiah U, You SH, Shin EG, Song SM, Ju L, Kang SJ, Hyun BH, Lee HS. Molecular Characterization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Korea from 2018 to 2022. Pathogens 2023; 12:757. [PMID: 37375447 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an endemic disease in the Republic of Korea. Surveillance of PRRS virus (PRRSV) types is critical to tailor control measures. This study collected 5062 serum and tissue samples between 2018 and 2022. Open reading frame 5 (ORF5) sequences suggest that subgroup A (42%) was predominant, followed by lineage 1 (21%), lineage 5 (14%), lineage Korea C (LKC) (9%), lineage Korea B (LKB) (6%), and subtype 1C (5%). Highly virulent lineages 1 (NADC30/34/MN184) and 8 were also detected. These viruses typically mutate or recombine with other viruses. ORF5 and non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) deletion patterns were less variable in the PRRSV-1. Several strains belonging to PRRSV-2 showed differences in NSP2 deletion and ORF5 sequences. Similar vaccine-like isolates to the PRRSV-1 subtype 1C and PRRSV-2 lineage 5 were also found. The virus is evolving independently in the field and has eluded vaccine protection. The current vaccine that is used in Korea offers only modest or limited heterologous protection. Ongoing surveillance to identify the current virus strain in circulation is necessary to design a vaccine. A systemic immunization program with region-specific vaccinations and stringent biosecurity measures is required to reduce PRRSV infections in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Usharani Jayaramaiah
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Shin
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Lanjeong Ju
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
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Zhai W, Yu S, Zhang P, Lin Y, Ge S, Zhang T, Zhang K, He S, Hu Q, Tang X, Peng Z, Wang C. Epidemiology and Genetic Characteristics of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in the Hunan and Hebei Provinces of China. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10010063. [PMID: 36669064 PMCID: PMC9866626 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant threat to the pig industry in China. However, the epidemiological characteristics of PRRSV after the outbreak of African swine fever in China were not thoroughly investigated. In the present study, the serological and epidemiological investigations of PRRSV in pigs from the Hunan and Hebei provinces of China were assessed. The results showed that 73.12% (95% CI 71.74-74.49) of pigs were positive for PRRSV-special antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Out of 5799 samples, 482 (8.31%, 95% CI 7.60-9.02) samples were positive for PRRSV nucleic acids. The positive rates of PRRSV in healthy pigs from farms and slaughterhouses were 2.27% (47/2072) and 7.70% (217/2818), which were lower than that in diseased pigs (23.98%, 218/909). Furthermore, the full-length OFR5 gene sequences of 43 PRRSV strains were sequenced and analysed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 43 isolates were classified into three lineages, namely lineage 1 (n = 24), lineage 8 (n = 15), and lineage 3 (n = 4). Lineage 1 could be further divided into sublineage 1.5 (n = 2) and sublineage 1.8 (n = 22), and lineage 8 was classified into sublineage 8.1 (n = 3) and sublineage 8.7 (n = 12). Collectively, our findings revealed the severe prevalence of PRRSV in the Hunan and Hebei provinces, where sublineage 1.8 and sublineage 8.7 predominated. The present study provides the update information of the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PRRSV in the investigated regions, which will be beneficial for PRRS control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhai
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Siyu Yu
- Technology Center of Changsha Customs, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pengxuan Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shenghu Ge
- Hebei Mingzhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xingtai 055700, China
| | - Taojie Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shicheng He
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Changjian Wang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-731-89716972
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