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Gupta A, Vejapi M, Knezevic NN. The role of nitric oxide and neuroendocrine system in pain generation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 591:112270. [PMID: 38750811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated a complex interplay between the nitric oxide (NO) pain signaling pathways and hormonal signaling pathways in the body. This article delineates the role of nitric oxide signaling in neuropathic and inflammatory pain generation and subsequently discusses how the neuroendocrine system is involved in pain generation. Hormonal systems including the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) generation of cortisol, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, calcitonin, melatonin, and sex hormones could potentially contribute to the generation of nitric oxide involved in the sensation of pain. Further research is necessary to clarify this relationship and may reveal therapeutic targets involving NO signaling that alleviate neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Gupta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, USA
| | - Maja Vejapi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Bhowmik R, Roy M. Recent advances on the development of NO-releasing molecules (NORMs) for biomedical applications. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116217. [PMID: 38367491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological messenger as well as a signaling molecule that participates in a broad range of physiological events and therapeutic applications in biological systems. However, due to its very short half-life in physiological conditions, its therapeutic applications are restricted. Efforts have been made to develop an enormous number of NO-releasing molecules (NORMs) and motifs for NO delivery to the target tissues. These NORMs involve organic nitrate, nitrite, nitro compounds, transition metal nitrosyls, and several nanomaterials. The controlled release of NO from these NORMs to the specific site requires several external stimuli like light, sound, pH, heat, enzyme, etc. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive review of the biochemistry of nitric oxide, recent advancements in NO-releasing materials with the appropriate stimuli of NO release, and their biomedical applications in cancer and other disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintu Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, 795004, Imphal West, Manipur, India
| | - Mithun Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, 795004, Imphal West, Manipur, India.
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3
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Olędzki R, Harasym J. Acerola ( Malpighia emarginata) Anti-Inflammatory Activity-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2089. [PMID: 38396766 PMCID: PMC10889565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The manuscript provides an overview of recent scientific reports on the properties and range of health-promoting effects of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) fruits and leaves. Acerola is a natural raw material that, in its unprocessed form, is known to be a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenolic compounds. For this reason, the consumption of acerola may provide a number of health-promoting benefits, particularly related to its strong anti-free radical effects. The review discusses anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of acerola fruit and leaves as well as its therapeutic effects on selected physiological processes in the human system. Their biochemical mechanisms are also explained. Recommendations for the consumption of acerola in the prevention of inflammatory and free radical diseases are presented. The part of the article devoted to anticancer effects of acerola describes the possibilities of using the edible parts of this raw material to obtain products and preparations of potential use in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Olędzki
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator-Science Centre, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator-Science Centre, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Cansiz D, Unal I, Beler M, Ustundag UV, Ak E, Emekli-Alturfan E, Alturfan AA. The effect of acetic acid-induced pain in Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:14-23. [PMID: 37683694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of Lewy bodies. Pain is one of the most common non-motor symptoms in PD, but the molecular mechanism of pain in PD is not fully understood, which prevents early diagnosis of PD. We aimed to determine the changes in opioidergic pathways when external pain is inflicted by inducing pain intraperitoneally in zebrafish, for which we generated a rotenone-induced PD model. After behavioural analyses in control(C), acetic acid (AA), rotenone (ROT), and rotenone+ acetic acid (ROT+AA) groups, catecholamine levels in brain tissue were determined by LC-MS/MS, expression of opioid peptides and their receptors by RT-PCR, expression of tyrosine hydroxylase by immunohistochemical method, and analyses of oxidant-antioxidant parameters by spectrophotometric methods. In the ROT group, distance travelled, average speed, and brain dopamine levels decreased, while LPO (lipid peroxidation) and NO (nitric oxide) increased as indicators of oxidative damage, and the SOD activity decreased. The mRNA expression of lrrk, pink1, and park7 genes associated with PD increased, while the mRNA expression of park2 decreased. This indicates that rotenone exposure is a suitable means to induce PD in zebrafish. The fact that body curvature was higher in the AA group than in the ROT and ROT+AA groups, as well as the decreased expression of penka, pdyn, and ion channels associated with the perception of peripheral pain in the ROT+AA group, suggest that mechanisms associated with pain are impaired in the rotenone-induced PD model in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Cansiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Unal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Unsal Veli Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Ak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Andrabi SM, Sharma NS, Karan A, Shahriar SMS, Cordon B, Ma B, Xie J. Nitric Oxide: Physiological Functions, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303259. [PMID: 37632708 PMCID: PMC10602574 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that has a central role in signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g., vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor growth). Due to its gaseous form, NO has a short half-life, and its physiology role is concentration dependent, often restricting its function to a target site. Providing NO from an external source is beneficial in promoting cellular functions and treatment of different pathological conditions. Hence, the multifaceted role of NO in physiology and pathology has garnered massive interest in developing strategies to deliver exogenous NO for the treatment of various regenerative and biomedical complexities. NO-releasing platforms or donors capable of delivering NO in a controlled and sustained manner to target tissues or organs have advanced in the past few decades. This review article discusses in detail the generation of NO via the enzymatic functions of NO synthase as well as from NO donors and the multiple biological and pathological processes that NO modulates. The methods for incorporating of NO donors into diverse biomaterials including physical, chemical, or supramolecular techniques are summarized. Then, these NO-releasing platforms are highlighted in terms of advancing treatment strategies for various medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muntazir Andrabi
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - S. M. Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Brent Cordon
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing FacilityMedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashington, DC2007USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringCollege of EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
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6
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Porseva VV, Preobrazhensky ND. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and calbindin expression in sympathetic preganglionic neurons following capsaicin treatment. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2264-2275. [PMID: 35717590 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Along with well-known data on the neurochemical mechanisms of nociceptor activation, there are still no clear data regarding changes in the cellular composition and morphological characteristics of spinal preganglionic neurons (SPN) after capsaicin treatment. The mechanism of capsaicin toxicity differs in developing and mature nerve cells. This study aimed to determine the number of SPN in the autonomic nuclei on spinal cord (SC) sections and their cross-sectional area, the localization, percentage, and profile area of SPN containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and calbindin (CB) in the thoracic SC of rats of different ages (from birth to 1-year-old) after capsaicin treatment. Neonatal capsaicin treatment generally decreased the cross-sectional area of the SPN pericarya. However, the cross-sectional area of the CB-immunoreactive (IR) SPN increased in the central autonomic area in rats aged 10-30 days old after capsaicin treatment. The number of SPN decreased only in the central autonomic area of rats aged <20 days. The proportion of nNOS-IR neurons remained steady and did not change during development. The cross-sectional area of nNOS-IR SPN in capsaicin-treated rats was less than that in control rats. The results obtained will promote further studies on the mechanisms of sensory processing in the SC and the development of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina V Porseva
- Department of Pathophysiology, Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russia
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Smith CA, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJ, Smielewski P, Helmy A. Candidate neuroinflammatory markers of cerebral autoregulation dysfunction in human acute brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1237-1253. [PMID: 37132274 PMCID: PMC10369156 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231171991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The loss of cerebral autoregulation (CA) is a common and detrimental secondary injury mechanism following acute brain injury and has been associated with worse morbidity and mortality. However patient outcomes have not as yet been conclusively proven to have improved as a result of CA-directed therapy. While CA monitoring has been used to modify CPP targets, this approach cannot work if the impairment of CA is not simply related to CPP but involves other underlying mechanisms and triggers, which at present are largely unknown. Neuroinflammation, particularly inflammation affecting the cerebral vasculature, is an important cascade that occurs following acute injury. We hypothesise that disturbances to the cerebral vasculature can affect the regulation of CBF, and hence the vascular inflammatory pathways could be a putative mechanism that causes CA dysfunction. This review provides a brief overview of CA, and its impairment following brain injury. We discuss candidate vascular and endothelial markers and what is known about their link to disturbance of the CBF and autoregulation. We focus on human traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), with supporting evidence from animal work and applicability to wider neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Smith
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keri LH Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Smielewski
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Paquette T, Eskandari N, Leblond H, Piché M. Spinal neurovascular coupling is preserved despite time-dependent alterations of spinal cord blood flow responses in a rat model of chronic back pain: implications for functional spinal cord imaging. Pain 2023; 164:758-770. [PMID: 36036900 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to investigate nociceptive processes in patients with chronic pain. However, the results may be confounded with changes in neurovascular coupling induced by chronic pain. The objective of this study was to examine spinal neurovascular coupling in a rat model of chronic back pain induced by muscle inflammation. Rats received 150 µL intramuscular injections of either complete Freund adjuvant (CFA: n = 18) or saline (control [CTL]: n = 18) in L5-L6 paravertebral muscles. Under 1.2% isoflurane anesthesia, spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and local field potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve were recorded simultaneously in the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord, 14 or 28 days after the injections. Mechanical hypersensitivity was observed in CFA rats compared with CTL rats for the back ( P < 0.001) and hind paws ( P < 0.01). Spinal cord blood flow response amplitude and local field potential amplitude were not significantly different between groups (day 14: P > 0.5; day 28: P > 0.6). However, the time course of SCBF responses was different between groups on day 14 ( P < 0.001) and day 28 ( P < 0.001). Nevertheless, neurovascular coupling was comparable between groups on days 14 and 28, whether neurovascular coupling was calculated with the amplitude or the area under the curve of SCBF responses (all P > 0.2). These results indicate that spinal hemodynamic changes reflect neuronal activity in this animal model, although the time course of SCBF responses is affected by chronic inflammatory back pain. This warrants a careful use of spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging in animal models and patients with chronic back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Paquette
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Nasim Eskandari
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Leblond
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Piché
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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9
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Tae HS, Adams DJ. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype expression, function, and pharmacology: Therapeutic potential of α-conotoxins. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106747. [PMID: 37001708 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The pentameric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are typically classed as muscle- or neuronal-type, however, the latter has also been reported in non-neuronal cells. Given their broad distribution, nAChRs mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes including synaptic transmission, presynaptic modulation of transmitter release, neuropathic pain, inflammation, and cancer. There are 17 different nAChR subunits and combinations of these subunits produce subtypes with diverse pharmacological properties. The expression and role of some nAChR subtypes have been extensively deciphered with the aid of knock-out models. Many nAChR subtypes expressed in heterologous systems are selectively targeted by the disulfide-rich α-conotoxins. α-Conotoxins are small peptides isolated from the venom of cone snails, and a number of them have potential pharmaceutical value.
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Srebro D, Dožić B, Savić Vujović K, Medić Brkić B, Vučković S. Magnesium Sulfate Reduces Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Inflammatory Edema Via Nitric Oxide Production. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231155788. [PMID: 36756149 PMCID: PMC9900672 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231155788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Magnesium is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. This study aimed to investigate the anti-edematous effect of magnesium sulfate (MS) in different protocols of use and the possible mechanism of its action. Methods In a rat model of carrageenan-induced paw inflammation, the anti-edematous activity of MS was assessed with a plethysmometer. The effects of the nonselective inhibitor (L-NAME), selective inhibitor of neuronal (L-NPA) and inducible (SMT) nitric oxide synthase on the effects of MS were evaluated. Results MS administered systemically before or after inflammation reduced edema by 30% (5 mg/kg, P < .05) and 55% (30 mg/kg, P < .05). MS administered locally (.5 mg/paw, P < .05) significantly prevented the development of inflammatory edema by 60%. L-NAME, intraperitoneally administered before MS, potentiated (5 mg/kg, P < .05) or reduced (3 mg/kg, P < .05), while in the highest tested dose L-NPA (2 mg/kg, P < .01) and SMT (.015 mg/kg, P < .01) reduced the anti-edematous effect of MS. Conclusions Magnesium is a more effective anti-edematous drug in therapy than for preventing inflammatory edema. The effect of MS is achieved after systemic and local peripheral administration and when MS is administered as a single drug in a single dose. This effect is mediated at least in part via the production of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Srebro
- Department of Pharmacology,
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia,Dragana Srebro, Department of Pharmacology,
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Belgrade, Serbia Dr Subotića-starijeg 1, Belgrade 11129, Serbia.
| | - Branko Dožić
- Department of Pathology, School of
Dental Medicine, University of
Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Savić Vujović
- Department of Pharmacology,
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia
| | - Branislava Medić Brkić
- Department of Pharmacology,
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia
| | - Sonja Vučković
- Department of Pharmacology,
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia
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11
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Nocheva H, Krastev NS, Krastev DS, Mileva M. The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032886. [PMID: 36769207 PMCID: PMC9918253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects on stress-induced analgesia (SIA) from endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) and nitric oxide (NO) interaction after 1 h of restraint stress were evaluated in male Wistar rats. The animals were subjected to 1 h of restraint and then injected with different combinations of cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonist anandamide (AEA) or antagonist AM251 along with an NO donor, NO precursor, or inhibitor of NO synthase. Nociception was evaluated using paw pressure (PP) or hot plate (HP) tests. AEA was administered immediately after the end of restraint-SIA (r-SIA). Administration of NO precursor reversed the pronociceptive effect of the CB1 agonist on r-SIA. Both the CB1 antagonist and the NOS inhibitor neutralized the pro-analgesic effect of L-arginine (L-arg). Administration of an NO donor, instead, increased r-SIA. Our experiments confirmed that the endogenous cannabinoid and the NO-ergic systems interact in the modulation of r-SIA. This interaction probably implies NO as a second messenger of the ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Nocheva
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 1403 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay S. Krastev
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo S. Krastev
- College of Medicine “Yordanka Filaretova”, Medical University, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Milka Mileva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
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12
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Exploring the possible mechanism involved in the anti-nociceptive effect of β-sitosterol: modulation of oxidative stress, nitric oxide and IL-6. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:517-527. [PMID: 36574096 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Β-sitosterol is a phytosterol, documented to possess various activities including protection against inflammation, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The current investigation was designed to explore the analgesic potential of β-sitosterol and the possible molecular mechanism involved in the observed effect. β-sitosterol was administered at varying doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg before subjecting the mice to acetic acid and formalin challenges. The number of writhings in acetic acid and the number of flinchings and foot tappings were quantified in the formalin test. For mechanistic studies, substance P (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) stimulator) and L-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (nitric oxide synthetases (NOS) inhibitor) and L-arginine (nitric oxide precursor) were administered before β-sitosterol treatment. β-sitosterol (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhings and ameliorated the formalin-induced inflammatory phase dose-dependently. Whereas, 40 mg/kg dose of β-sitosterol abrogated the formalin-induced neurogenic phase. Substance-P abrogated the effect of β-sitosterol in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases. Whereas, L-arginine only abrogated the inflammatory phase. In biochemical analysis, β-sitosterol treatment reduced the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, L-arginine and substance-P abrogated the GSH increasing and TBARS lowering effect of β-sitosterol (40 mg/kg). Overall, the current study delineated that β-sitosterol may induce an anti-nociceptive effect via inhibiting the IL-6, oxidative stress, cyclo-oxygenase and nitric oxide.
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13
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Starkl P, Jonsson G, Artner T, Turnes BL, Serhan N, Oliveira T, Gail LM, Stejskal K, Channon KM, Köcher T, Stary G, Klang V, Gaudenzio N, Knapp S, Woolf CJ, Penninger JM, Cronin SJ. Mast cell-derived BH4 is a critical mediator of postoperative pain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.24.525378. [PMID: 37293068 PMCID: PMC10245978 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.525378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pain affects most patients after major surgery and can transition to chronic pain. Here, we discovered that postoperative pain hypersensitivity correlated with markedly increased local levels of the metabolite BH4. Gene transcription and reporter mouse analyses after skin injury identified neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells as primary postoperative sources of GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (Gch1) expression, the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 production. While specific Gch1 deficiency in neutrophils or macrophages had no effect, mice deficient in mast cells or mast cell-specific Gch1 showed drastically decreased postoperative pain after surgery. Skin injury induced the nociceptive neuropeptide substance P, which directly triggers the release of BH4-dependent serotonin in mouse and human mast cells. Substance P receptor blockade substantially ameliorated postoperative pain. Our findings underline the unique position of mast cells at the neuro-immune interface and highlight substance P-driven mast cell BH4 production as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Starkl
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustav Jonsson
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tyler Artner
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruna Lenfers Turnes
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, United States, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Serhan
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Tiago Oliveira
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura-Marie Gail
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- LBI-RUD – Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karel Stejskal
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Radcliffe Department of, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities (VBCF), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- LBI-RUD – Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Klang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Genoskin SAS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, United States, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shane J.F. Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Domiati S, Abd El Galil K, Ragab H. Molecular Mechanics Simulations and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Tadalafil on Various Inflammatory Pain Mediators. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43747-43758. [PMID: 36506154 PMCID: PMC9730770 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tadalafil's exact analgesic mechanism is still unclear. The current study aimed to elucidate this mechanism in an inflammatory pain model. METHODS Computer-assisted simulation docking experiments were carried out to assess the binding of tadalafil to different ligands. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of tadalafil were evaluated using formalin-induced paw edema and a von Frey filament test, respectively. The plantar paw of the mice was then dissected to quantify iNOS, nNOS, COX-2, TNFα, IL1, and IL10 gene expression levels using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. iNOS, TNFα, and COX-2 inhibition was reassessed in vitro using the ELISA technique. One-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey test or t-test was used to compare the means. RESULTS Docking analysis showed a superior binding score of tadalafil to COX-2, iNOS, IL-1, and TNF-α compared to that of indomethacin and morphine and a similar binding score to nNOS and IL-10 relative to that of indomethacin. In the in vivo study, tadalafil, after an hour of formalin administration, inhibited significantly paw edema, similar to indomethacin. Furthermore, it significantly increased the withdrawal force in the von Frey filament test as compared to the negative control, which was similar to the effect observed with indomethacin and morphine. The RT-PCR revealed that tadalafil reduced significantly the iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α gene expressions but had no effect on nNOS, IL 1, and IL10. In vitro ELISA tests confirmed the inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Tadalafil probably exerts its analgesic effect through the simultaneous inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α, which is not the case with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souraya Domiati
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Khaled Abd El Galil
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut1107 2809, Lebanon
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Hanan Ragab
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria21521, Egypt
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15
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Microelectrode implants, inflammatory response and long-lasting effects on NADPH diaphorase neurons in the rat frontal cortex. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2569-2580. [PMID: 35947168 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At present, one of the main therapeutic challenges comprises the development of technologies to improve the life quality of people suffering from different types of body paralysis, through the reestablishment of sensory and motor functions. In this regard, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) offer hope to effectively mitigate body paralysis through the control of paralyzed body parts by brain activity. Invasive BMI use chronic multielectrode implants to record neural activity directly from the brain tissue. While such invasive devices provide the highest amount of usable neural activity for BMI control, they also involve direct damage to the nervous tissue. In the cerebral cortex, high levels of the enzyme NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) characterize a particular class of interneurons that regulates neuronal excitability and blood supply. To gain insight into the biocompatibility of invasive BMI, we assessed the impact of chronic implanted tungsten multielectrode bundles on the distribution and morphology of NADPH-d-reactive neurons in the rat frontal cortex. NADPH-d neuronal labeling was correlated with glial response markers and with indices of healthy neuronal activity measured by electrophysiological recordings performed up to 3 months after multielectrode implantation. Chronic electrode arrays caused a small and quite localized structural disturbance on the implanted site, with neuronal loss and glial activation circumscribed to the site of implant. Electrodes remained viable during the entire period of implantation. Moreover, neither the distribution nor the morphology of NADPH-d neurons was altered. Overall, our findings provide additional evidence that tungsten multielectrodes can be employed as a viable element for long-lasting therapeutic BMI applications.
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16
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Mahalakshmi B, Sivasubramanian N, Vaghela P, Ganvanthbhai RD, Rajeshbhai GP, Ramalakshmi G, Prakash D, Ekambaram G. Effect of Beta vulgaris extracts on dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. Bioinformation 2022; 18:657-660. [PMID: 37313053 PMCID: PMC10259228 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is painful menstrual periods which are caused by uterine contractions. The ache is commonly felt in the pelvic or lower abdomen around the time menstruation begins. Periods aren't the best time for a woman to feel strong and energized. With all of the blood loss, cramps, and exhaustion, finding enough excitement to get through the day's responsibilities is difficult. Vulgaris Beta Potassium and nitrates, both of which are necessary for blood pressure regulation, are abundant in juice. For energy, only 50ml of beet juice is required. The analysis of data was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study identified that 46.66 % had moderate pain, 33.33 % had mild pain and none of them had severe pain for the pre- experimental group. The study result shows that the pre-test mean value for is 5.91 and pre-test SD 0.96. The post-test mean value is 2.86 and post-test SD is 1.04. The mean difference is 3.05. The calculated 't' value is 16.85 is higher than the table value 1.67. The study concluded that Beta vulgaris juice found to be effective non-pharmacological measures to reduce dysmenorrheal among adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mahalakshmi
- Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - N Sivasubramanian
- Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Payal Vaghela
- Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | | | | | - G Ramalakshmi
- Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - D Prakash
- College of Nursing, S.G.R.R University, Dehradun, Uttarkhand - 248001, India
| | - Gnanadesigan Ekambaram
- Department of Physiology, Nootan medical college and Research Centre, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
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17
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Medeiros KAAL, Almeida-Souza TH, Silva RS, Santos HF, Santos EV, Gois AM, Leal PC, Santos JR. Involvement of nitric oxide in the neurobiology of fear-like behavior. Nitric Oxide 2022; 124:24-31. [PMID: 35533947 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fear is an emotional reaction that arises in dangerous situations, inducing the adaptation to an existing condition. This behavior was conserved in all vertebrates throughout evolution and is observed in mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The neurocircuitry of fear involves areas of the limbic system, cortical regions, midbrain, and brainstem. These areas communicate with each other so that there is an expression of fear and memory formation to deal with the same situation at another time. The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on fear modulation has been explored. NO is a gaseous compound that easily diffuses through the cell membrane and is produced through the oxidation reaction of l-Arginine to l-citrulline catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Activating the intracellular NO receptor (soluble guanylyl cyclase enzyme - sGC) triggers an enzymatic cascade that can culminate in plastic events in the neuron. NOS inhibitors induce anxiolytic-like responses in fear modulation, whereas NO donors promote fear- and anxiety-like behaviors. This review describes the neurobiology of fear in mammals and non-mammals, how NO is produced in the central nervous system, and how NO acts in fear-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katty A A L Medeiros
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo S Silva
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Heitor F Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Eliziane V Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Gois
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Pollyana C Leal
- Graduate Program of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - José R Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil.
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18
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Bereiter DA, Rahman M, Ahmed F, Thompson R, Luong N, Olson JK. Title: P2x7 Receptor Activation and Estrogen Status Drive Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in a Rat Model for Dry Eye. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:827244. [PMID: 35479310 PMCID: PMC9037241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.827244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is recognized as a chronic inflammatory condition with an increase in tear osmolarity and loss of tear film integrity. DED is often accompanied by adverse ocular symptoms which are more prevalent in females than males. The basis for ocular hyperalgesia in DED remains uncertain; however, both peripheral and central neural mechanisms are implicated. A model for aqueous deficient DED, exorbital gland excision, was used to determine if activation of the purinergic receptor subtype 7, P2X7R, expressed by non-neural cells in peripheral and central trigeminal nerve pathways, contributed to persistent ocular hyperalgesia. Densitometry of trigeminal brainstem sections revealed increases in P2X7R, the myeloid cell marker Iba1, and the inflammasome, NLRP3, of estradiol-treated DED females compared to estradiol-treated sham females, while expression in DED males and DED females not given estradiol displayed minor changes. No evidence of immune cell infiltration into the trigeminal brainstem was seen in DED rats; however, markers for microglia activation (Iba1) were increased in all groups. Isolated microglia expressed increased levels of P2X7R and P2X4R, IL-1β (Ιnterleukin-1β), NLRP3, and iNOS (nitric oxide synthase). Further, estradiol-treated DED females displayed greater increases in P2X7R, IL-1β and NLRP3 expression compared to untreated DED females. Orbicularis oculi muscle activity (OOemg) evoked by ocular instillation of hypertonic saline (HS) was recorded as a surrogate measure of ocular hyperalgesia and was markedly enhanced in all DED groups compared to sham rats. Systemic minocycline reduced HS-evoked OOemg in all DED groups compared to sham rats. Local microinjection in the caudal trigeminal brainstem of an antagonist for P2X7R (A804598) greatly reduced HS-evoked OOemg activity in all DE groups, while responses in sham groups were not affected. Intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of siRNA for P2X7R significantly reduced HS-evoked OOemg activity in all DED groups, while evoked responses in sham animals were not affected. These results indicated that activation of P2X7R at central and peripheral sites in trigeminal pain pathways contributed to an increase in ocular hyperalgesia and microglia activation in DED males and females. Estrogen treatment in females further amplified ocular hyperalgesia and neuroimmune responses in this model for aqueous deficient DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Bereiter
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mostafeezur Rahman
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Fabeeha Ahmed
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Randall Thompson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nhungoc Luong
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Julie K Olson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Abstract
Itch is one of the most primal sensations, being both ubiquitous and important for the well-being of animals. For more than a century, a desire to understand how itch is encoded by the nervous system has prompted the advancement of many theories. Within the past 15 years, our understanding of the molecular and neural mechanisms of itch has undergone a major transformation, and this remarkable progress continues today without any sign of abating. Here I describe accumulating evidence that indicates that itch is distinguished from pain through the actions of itch-specific neuropeptides that relay itch information to the spinal cord. According to this model, classical neurotransmitters transmit, inhibit and modulate itch information in a context-, space- and time-dependent manner but do not encode itch specificity. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is proposed to be a key itch-specific neuropeptide, with spinal neurons expressing GRP receptor (GRPR) functioning as a key part of a convergent circuit for the conveyance of peripheral itch information to the brain.
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20
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The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems Differently Influence Heat and Cold Stress-Induced Analgesia. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Stress-induced analgesia (SIA) is a well-known phenomenon, in which mechanisms of development opioid and non-opioid components take part. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) takes part in the non-opioid pathways and modulates nociception. Nitric oxide (NO) is also proverbial to interfere with pain perception. The present study was performed to investigate the effects from interaction between the ECS and NO after heat (heat stress) or cold (cold stress) exposure. Male Wistar rats subjected to one hour of heat or cold stress were injected with different combinations of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist anandamide (AEA) or antagonist (AM251) along with NO-donor, NO-precursor or inhibitor of the NO-synthase (NOS). Nociception was evaluated using Paw pressure (Randall-Selitto) test. The results showed that AEA-administration immediately after the end of stress let to a tendency to increase cold-SIA, but decreased heat-SIA. AEA along with NO-donor increased both cold- and heat-SIA but to a different degree. AM251 and NOS-inhibitor decreased SIA. Our experiments confirmed that the endogenous cannabinoid and the nitricoxidergic systems interact between them in the modulation of SIA. The ECS exerts a more prominent influence on cold rather than heat SIA. Differences in modulation probably depend on the type of stress, due to the different participation of ECS in the mechanisms of SIA development.
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21
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Elkholy NS, Shafaa MW, Mohammed HS. Cationic liposome-encapsulated carotenoids as a potential treatment for fibromyalgia in an animal model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166150. [PMID: 33892079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the efficacy of cationic liposome-encapsulated carotenoids (lutein or beta-carotene) as a treatment in an animal model of fibromyalgia (FM). Preparation and characterization of the nano-sized cationic liposomal carotenoids have been carried out. FM has been induced in the experimental animals via successive subcutaneous reserpine injection (1 mg/kg). Animals were divided into four groups; control, reserpinized (Res), reserpinized and cationic liposomal lutein-treated (Res + CL-Lut), and reserpinized and liposomal beta-carotene-treated (Res + CL-Bc). Levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, H2O2, NO, and GSH) were determined in the brain's cortical tissue of the different groups of animals. Furthermore, the spectral analysis of the electrocorticogram (ECoG) was carried out. Animal behavior was tested for different animal groups. Results showed a significant reduction in monoamines, an elevation of oxidative stress markers, a shift in the ECoG frequency band power, and a change in pain threshold of the reserpinized animals. A return to a non-significant difference from the control values of all the measured parameters has been obtained after two weeks of cationic liposomal carotenoid preparations treatment. The present findings shed more light on the validity of the reserpine model of FM and provide evidence for the antidepressant, antioxidant, and anti-nociceptive potential of the cationic liposomal carotenoids. The present results proofed that the natural product preparations on a nano-sized scale could be a good alternative to the pharmacological interventions for FM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan S Elkholy
- Medical Biophysics Division, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Medhat W Shafaa
- Medical Biophysics Division, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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22
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Vieira MC, Monte FBDM, Eduardo Dematte B, Montagnoli TL, Montes GC, da Silva JS, Mendez-Otero R, Trachez MM, Sudo RT, Zapata-Sudo G. Antinociceptive Effect of Lodenafil Carbonate in Rodent Models of Inflammatory Pain and Spinal Nerve Ligation-Induced Neuropathic Pain. J Pain Res 2021; 14:857-866. [PMID: 33833563 PMCID: PMC8020462 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s295265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction New therapeutic alternatives for pain relief include the use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, which could prevent the transmission of painful stimuli by neuron hyperpolarization via nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. The present work investigated the antinociceptive activity of a new PDE5 inhibitor, lodenafil carbonate, in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Methods and Results Although no effect was detected on neurogenic phase of formalin test in mice, oral administration of lodenafil carbonate dose-dependently reduced reactivity in the inflammatory phase (200.6 ± 39.1 to 81.9 ± 18.8 s at 10 μmol/kg, p= 0.0172) and this effect was totally blocked by NO synthase inhibitor, L-Nω-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Lodenafil carbonate (10 μmol/kg p.o.) significantly reduced nociceptive response as demonstrated by increased paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimulus (from 6.8 ± 0.7 to 10.6 ± 1.3 s, p= 0.0006) and paw withdrawal threshold to compressive force (from 188.0 ± 14.0 to 252.5 ± 5.3 g, p<0.0001) in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation model. In a spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain, oral lodenafil carbonate (10 μmol/kg) also reversed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia by increasing paw withdrawal latency from 17.9 ± 1.5 to 22.8 ± 1.9 s (p= 0.0062) and paw withdrawal threshold from 26.0 ± 2.8 to 41.4 ± 2.9 g (p= 0.0196). These effects were reinforced by the reduced GFAP (3.4 ± 0.5 to 1.4 ± 0.3%, p= 0.0253) and TNF-alpha (1.1 ± 0.1 to 0.4 ± 0.1%, p= 0.0111) stained area densities as detected by immunofluorescence in ipsilateral dorsal horns. Conclusion Lodenafil carbonate demonstrates important analgesic activity by promoting presynaptic hyperpolarization and preventing neuroplastic changes, which may perpetuate chronic pain, thus representing a potential treatment for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Carneiro Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bezerra de Mello Monte
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno Eduardo Dematte
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Lima Montagnoli
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carneiro Montes
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Soares da Silva
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Margarete Manhães Trachez
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Roberto Takashi Sudo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
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23
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Serafin EK, Paranjpe A, Brewer CL, Baccei ML. Single-nucleus characterization of adult mouse spinal dynorphin-lineage cells and identification of persistent transcriptional effects of neonatal hindpaw incision. Pain 2021; 162:203-218. [PMID: 33045156 PMCID: PMC7744314 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal tissue damage can have long-lasting effects on nociceptive processing in the central nervous system, which may reflect persistent injury-evoked alterations to the normal balance between synaptic inhibition and excitation in the spinal dorsal horn. Spinal dynorphin-lineage (pDyn) neurons are part of an inhibitory circuit which limits the flow of nociceptive input to the brain and is disrupted by neonatal tissue damage. To identify the potential molecular underpinnings of this disruption, an unbiased single-nucleus RNAseq analysis of adult mouse spinal pDyn cells characterized this population in depth and then identified changes in gene expression evoked by neonatal hindpaw incision. The analysis revealed 11 transcriptionally distinct subpopulations (ie, clusters) of dynorphin-lineage cells, including both inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Investigation of injury-evoked differential gene expression identified 15 genes that were significantly upregulated or downregulated in adult pDyn neurons from neonatally incised mice compared with naive littermate controls, with both cluster-specific and pan-neuronal transcriptional changes observed. Several of the identified genes, such as Oxr1 and Fth1 (encoding ferritin), were related to the cellular stress response. However, the relatively low number of injury-evoked differentially expressed genes also suggests that posttranscriptional regulation within pDyn neurons may play a key role in the priming of developing nociceptive circuits by early-life injury. Overall, the findings reveal novel insights into the molecular heterogeneity of a key population of dorsal horn interneurons that has previously been implicated in the suppression of mechanical pain and itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Serafin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States . Dr. Brewer is now with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chelsie L Brewer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States . Dr. Brewer is now with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mark L Baccei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States . Dr. Brewer is now with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Žatko D, Vašková J, Perjési P, Haus M, Vaško L. Pro-oxidative and antioxidant effects of salicylates. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effects of selective inhibition of nNOS and iNOS on neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 105:103497. [PMID: 32353527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Various animal models have been employed to understand the pathogenic mechanism of neuropathic pain. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule in nociceptive transmission and is involved in neuropathic pain. However, its mechanistic actions remain unclear. The aim of this study was to better understand the involvement of neuronal and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and iNOS) in neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. We evaluated pain sensitivity (mechanical withdrawal thresholds using Randall and Selitto, and von Frey tests, and thermal withdrawal thresholds using Hargreaves test) prior to CCI surgery, 14 days post CCI and after intrathecal injections of selective nNOS or iNOS inhibitors. We also evaluated the distribution of NOS isozymes in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by immunohistochemistry, synthesis of iNOS and nNOS by Western blot, and NO production using fluorescent probe DAF-2 DA (DA). Our results showed higher number of nNOS and iNOS-positive neurons in the spinal cord and DRG of CCI compared to sham rats, and their reduction in CCI rats after treatment with selective inhibitors compared to non-treated groups. Western blot results also indicated reduced expression of nNOS and iNOS after treatment with selective inhibitors. Furthermore, both inhibitors reduced CCI-evoked mechanical and thermal withdrawal thresholds but only nNOS inhibitor was able to efficiently lower mechanical withdrawal thresholds using von Frey test. In addition, we observed higher NO production in the spinal cord and DRG of injured rats compared to control group. Our study innovatively shows that nNOS may strongly modulate nociceptive transmission in rats with neuropathic pain, while iNOS may partially participate in the development of nociceptive responses. Thus, drugs targeting nNOS for neuropathic pain may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld Alleviates Acute Pain and Inflammation: Potential Mechanisms of Action. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040590. [PMID: 32290371 PMCID: PMC7226113 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld (Fabaceae) known in Brazil as “jacaranda de espinho” or “espinheira santa nativa” is a medicinal plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat ulcers, cough and diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from M. hirtum twig (HEMh) using in vivo experimental models of nociception through the involvement of transient receptor potential channels, acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC), nitrergic, opioidergic, glutamatergic, and supraspinal pathways. Our results revealed an antinociceptive effect of HEMh mediated by the opioidergic, l-arginine-nitric oxide and glutamate systems, as well as by interactions with TRPA1/ASIC channels. The anti-inflammatory effect of HEMh evaluated with a xylene-induced ear edema and by the involvement of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) showed involvement of the COX pathway, based on observed decreases in PGE2 levels. A phytochemical investigation of the HEMh led to the isolation of α-amyrin, β-amyrin, allantoin, apigenin-7-methoxy-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside, and apigenin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl-8-C-β-d-xylopyranoside. In conclusion, the acute oral administration of HEMh inhibits the nociceptive behavioral response in animals through the nitrergic, opioid, glutamatergic pathways, and by inhibition of the TRPA1 and ASIC channels, without causing locomotor dysfunction. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the COX pathway and decreased PGE2 levels.
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Lee J, Ohara K, Shinoda M, Hayashi Y, Kubo A, Sugawara S, Asano S, Soma K, Kanno K, Ando M, Koyama R, Kimura Y, Sakanashi K, Iinuma T, Iwata K. Involvement of Satellite Cell Activation via Nitric Oxide Signaling in Ectopic Orofacial Hypersensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041252. [PMID: 32070010 PMCID: PMC7072927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical head-withdrawal threshold (MHWT) was significantly reduced following inferior alveolar nerve transection (IANX) in rats. Nitrate and nitrite synthesis was dramatically increased in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) at 6 h after the IANX. The relative number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-immunoreactive (IR) cells was significantly higher in IANX rats compared to sham-operated and N-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA)-treated IANX rats. On day 3 after NPLA administration, the MHWT recovered considerably in IANX rats. Following L-arginine injection into the TG, the MHWT was significantly reduced within 15 min, and the mean number of TG cells encircled by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-IR cells was substantially higher. The relative number of nNOS-IR cells encircled by GFAP-IR cells was significantly increased in IANX rats. In contrast, after NPLA injection into the TG, the relative number of GFAP-IR cells was considerably reduced in IANX rats. Fluorocitrate administration into the TG significantly reduced the number of GFAP-IR cells and prevented the MHWT reduction in IANX rats. The present findings suggest that following IANX, satellite glial cells are activated via nitric oxide (NO) signaling from TG neurons. The spreading satellite glial cell activation within the TG results in mechanical hypersensitivity of face regions not directly associated with the trigeminal nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lee
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (K.I.); Tel.: +81-3-3219-8122 (J.L.); +81-3-3219-8122 (K.I.); Fax: +81-3-3219-8341 (J.L.); +81-3-3219-8341 (K.I.)
| | - Kinuyo Ohara
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (K.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Asako Kubo
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Shiori Sugawara
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Sayaka Asano
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.S.)
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kumi Soma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan;
| | - Kohei Kanno
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (K.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Masatoshi Ando
- Department of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.A.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ryo Koyama
- Department of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.A.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.A.); (R.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kousuke Sakanashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Toshimitsu Iinuma
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan;
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (K.I.); Tel.: +81-3-3219-8122 (J.L.); +81-3-3219-8122 (K.I.); Fax: +81-3-3219-8341 (J.L.); +81-3-3219-8341 (K.I.)
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Oh SH, Lee HY, Ki YJ, Kim SH, Lim KJ, Jung KT. Gabexate mesilate ameliorates the neuropathic pain in a rat model by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide pathway via suppression of nuclear factor-κB. Korean J Pain 2020; 33:30-39. [PMID: 31888315 PMCID: PMC6944363 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2020.33.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the effects of gabexate mesilate on spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain. To confirm the involvement of gabexate mesilate on neuroinflammation, we focused on the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and consequent the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. After randomization into three groups: the sham-operation group, vehicle-treated group (administered normal saline as a control), and the gabexate group (administered gabexate mesilate 20 mg/kg), SNL was performed. At the 3rd day, mechanical allodynia was confirmed using von Frey filaments, and drugs were administered intraperitoneally daily according to the group. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was examined on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day. The expressions of p65 subunit of NF-κB, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and iNOS were evaluated on the 7th and 14th day following SNL. Results The PWT was significantly higher in the gabexate group compared with the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.05). The expressions of p65, proinflammatory cytokines, and iNOS significantly decreased in the gabexate group compared with the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.05) on the 7th day. On the 14th day, the expressions of p65 and iNOS showed lower levels, but those of the proinflammatory cytokines showed no significant differences. Conclusions Gabexate mesilate increased PWT after SNL and attenuate the progress of mechanical allodynia. These results seem to be involved with the anti-inflammatory effect of gabexate mesilate via inhibition of NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, and nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hee Oh
- School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Joon Ki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Joon Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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29
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Demirkazik A, Ozdemir E, Arslan G, Taskiran AS, Pelit A. The effects of extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on analgesia in the nitric oxide pathway. Nitric Oxide 2019; 92:49-54. [PMID: 31408675 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on mechanisms in biological organisms. This study's goal is to determine the role of the Nitiric Oxide (NO) pathway for thermal pain by intentionally interfering with it using a pulsed electromagnetic field generated by an extremely low-frequency alternating current (ELF-PEMF) in combination with BAY41-2272 (sGC activator), NOS inhibitor l-NAME, and NO donor l-arginine. This study included 72 adult male Wistar albino rats (mean weight of 230 ± 12 g). The rats were kept at room temperature (22 ± 2 °C) in a 12-h light/dark cycle and in a room with sound insulation. PEMF (50 Hz, 5 mT) were applied four times a day for 30 min and at 15-min intervals for 15 days. Analgesic effects were assessed with tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Before the tests, NO donor l-arginine (300 mg/kg), sGC activator BAY41-2272 (10 mg/kg), and NOS inhibitor l-name (40 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into rats in six randomly-selected groups. The maximum analgesic effect of a 5 mT electromagnetic field was on day 7. PEMF significantly increased the analgesia effect when the functioning of the NO pathway was ensured with l-arginine, which is a NO donor, and BAY41-2271, which is the intracellular receptor and sGC activator. However, there was no difference between rats treated with PEMF and the NOS inhibitor l-NAME as compared to rats only treated with PEMF. In conclusion, PEMF generate analgesia by activating the NO pain pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Demirkazik
- Departments of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Ercan Ozdemir
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Arslan
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sevki Taskiran
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Aykut Pelit
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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30
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Functions and dysfunctions of nitric oxide in brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1949-1967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Moore BR, Islam B, Ward S, Jackson O, Armitage R, Blackburn J, Haider S, McHugh PC. Repurposing of Tranilast for Potential Neuropathic Pain Treatment by Inhibition of Sepiapterin Reductase in the BH 4 Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11960-11972. [PMID: 31460307 PMCID: PMC6682008 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a cofactor in the production of various signaling molecules including nitric oxide, dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. BH4 levels are critical for processes associated with cardiovascular function, inflammation, mood, pain, and neurotransmission. Increasing pieces of evidence suggest that BH4 is upregulated in chronic pain. Sepiapterin reductase (SPR) catalyzes both the reversible reduction of sepiapterin to dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydrobiopterin to BH4 within the BH4 pathway. Therefore, inhibition of SPR by small molecules can be used to control BH4 production and ultimately alleviate chronic pain. Here, we have used various in silico and in vitro experiments to show that tranilast, licensed for use in bronchial asthma, can inhibit sepiapterin reduction by SPR. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that tranilast can bind to human SPR (hSPR) at the same site as sepiapterin including S157, one of the catalytic triad residues of hSPR. Colorimetric assays revealed that tranilast was nearly twice as potent as the known hSPR inhibitor, N-acetyl serotonin. Tranilast was able to inhibit hSPR activity both intracellularly and extracellularly in live cells. Triple quad mass spectrophotometry of cell lysates showed a proportional decrease of BH4 in cells treated with tranilast. Our results suggest that tranilast can act as a potent hSPR inhibitor and therefore is a valid candidate for drug repurposing in the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
J. R. Moore
- Centre
for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, Innovative Physical Organic Solutions (IPOS), Department
of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemical Sciences,
School of Applied Sciences, University of
Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Barira Islam
- Centre
for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, Innovative Physical Organic Solutions (IPOS), Department
of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemical Sciences,
School of Applied Sciences, University of
Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Sean Ward
- Centre
for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, Innovative Physical Organic Solutions (IPOS), Department
of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemical Sciences,
School of Applied Sciences, University of
Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Olivia Jackson
- Centre
for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, Innovative Physical Organic Solutions (IPOS), Department
of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemical Sciences,
School of Applied Sciences, University of
Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Rebecca Armitage
- Centre
for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, Innovative Physical Organic Solutions (IPOS), Department
of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemical Sciences,
School of Applied Sciences, University of
Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Jack Blackburn
- Centre
for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, Innovative Physical Organic Solutions (IPOS), Department
of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemical Sciences,
School of Applied Sciences, University of
Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Shozeb Haider
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, 29−39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Patrick C. McHugh
- Centre
for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, Innovative Physical Organic Solutions (IPOS), Department
of Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemical Sciences,
School of Applied Sciences, University of
Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
- E-mail: . Phone: +(44) 1484 472074. Fax: +(44) 1484 472182
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Huang L, Wyse BD, Williams CM, Smith MT. Nitric oxide modulates μ-opioid receptor function in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:676-685. [PMID: 30933370 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a type of peripheral neuropathic pain that develops as a consequence of prolonged hyperglycaemia-induced injury to the long nerves. Apart from pain, PDN is also characterized by morphine hyposensitivity. Intriguingly, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exhibiting marked morphine hyposensitivity, dietary administration of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor, L-arginine at 1 g/d, progressively rescued morphine efficacy and potency over an 8-week treatment period. In earlier work, single bolus doses of the furoxan nitric oxide (NO) donor, PRG150 (3-methylfuroxan-4-carbaldehyde), evoked dose-dependent pain relief in STZ-diabetic rats but the efficacious doses were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher in advanced diabetes than that required in early STZ diabetes. Together, these findings suggested a role for NO in the modulation of μ-opioid (MOP) receptor signalling. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess a role for NO released from PRG150, in modulating MOP receptor function in vitro. Here, we show an absolute requirement for the MOP receptor, but not the δ-opioid (DOP) or the κ-opioid (KOP) receptor, to transduce the cellular effects of PRG150 on forskolin-stimulated cAMP responses in vitro. PRG150 did not interact with the classical naloxone-sensitive binding site of the MOP receptor, and its effects on cAMP responses in HEK-MOP cells were also naloxone-insensitive. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effects of PRG150 on forskolin-stimulated cAMP responses in HEK-MOP cells were dependent upon pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gi/o proteins as well as membrane lipid rafts and src kinase. Together, our findings implicate a role for NO in modulating MOP receptor function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wyse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bergapten inhibits chemically induced nociceptive behavior and inflammation in mice by decreasing the expression of spinal PARP, iNOS, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:749-760. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ding Y, Yao P, Hong T, Li H, Zhu Y, Han Z, Zhou G. The analgesic effect of early hyperbaric oxygen treatment in chronic constriction injury rats and its influence on nNOS and iNOS expression and inflammatory factor production. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918765837. [PMID: 29592784 PMCID: PMC5881973 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918765837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To observe the analgesic effect of early hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats, and to analyze the influence of HBO on the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase and on the levels of inflammatory factors. Methods Rats were assigned into three groups randomly: sham, CCI, and HBO groups. The CCI rat model was established, and HBO treatment at 2.5 ATA (60 min) was given one day after surgery, lasting for five consecutive days. The pain behaviors of the rats were observed at predetermined time points, and the activation of astrocytes at dorsal horns as well as the changes of the synaptic ultrastructures were observed. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were detected by Western blot, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Rats in the CCI group developed hyperalgesia when compared with the sham group. Mechanical withdrawal threshold decreased and thermal withdrawal latency shortened in CCI group. Also, astrocytes at the dorsal horn were activated, the synaptic structure was disordered, the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were increased significantly, and the release of inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-1β) was up-regulated. However, with early initiation of HBO treatment, rats in the HBO group showed significantly alleviated hyperalgesia, increased mechanical withdrawal threshold, and prolonged thermal withdrawal latency. HBO treatment inhibited astrocyte expression and maintained normal synaptic structure. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were decreased in the dorsal horn, and the release of inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-1β) was reduced. Conclusions Early HBO treatment significantly improves hyperalgesia in rats with neuropathic pain. The decreased expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase and reduced levels of inflammatory factors are important mechanisms by which early HBO helps to alleviate neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Yao
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxi Li
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenkai Han
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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35
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Engaging pain fibers after a spinal cord injury fosters hemorrhage and expands the area of secondary injury. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:115-124. [PMID: 30268767 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In humans, spinal cord injury (SCI) is often accompanied by additional tissue damage (polytrauma) that can engage pain (nociceptive) fibers. Prior work has shown that this nociceptive input can expand the area of tissue damage (secondary injury), undermine behavioral recovery, and enhance the development of chronic pain. Here, it is shown that nociceptive input given a day after a lower thoracic contusion injury in rats enhances the infiltration of red blood cells at the site of injury, producing an area of hemorrhage that expands secondary injury. Peripheral nociceptive fibers were engaged 24 h after injury by means of electrical stimulation (shock) applied at an intensity that engages unmyelinated pain (C) fibers or through the application of the irritant capsaicin. Convergent western immunoblot and cyanmethemoglobin colorimetric assays showed that both forms of stimulation increased the concentration of hemoglobin at the site of injury, with a robust effect observed 3-24 h after stimulation. Histopathology confirmed that shock treatment increased the area of hemorrhage and the infiltration of red blood cells. SCI can lead to hemorrhage by engaging the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel complex in neurovascular endothelial cells, which leads to cell death and capillary fragmentation. Histopathology confirmed that areas of hemorrhage showed capillary fragmentation. Co-immunoprecipitation of the SUR1-TRPM4 complex showed that it was up-regulated by noxious stimulation. Shock-induced hemorrhage was associated with an acute disruption in locomotor performance. These results imply that noxious stimulation impairs long-term recovery because it amplifies the breakdown of the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and the infiltration of red blood cells, which expands the area of secondary injury.
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Magar S, Nayak D, Mahajan UB, Patil KR, Shinde SD, Goyal SN, Swaminarayan S, Patil CR, Ojha S, Kundu CN. Ultra-diluted Toxicodendron pubescens attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS- mediated neuropathic pain in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13562. [PMID: 30202036 PMCID: PMC6131166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of multiple therapeutic agents, the search for novel pain management of neuropathic pain is still a challenge. Oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling are prominently involved in clinical manifestation of neuropathic pain. Toxicodendron pubescens, popularly known as Rhus Tox (RT) is recommended in alternative medicines as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic remedy. Earlier, we reported anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and immunomodulatory activities of Rhus Tox. In continuation, we evaluated antinociceptive efficacy of Rhus Tox in the neuropathic pain and delineated its underlying mechanism. Initially, in-vitro assay using LPS-mediated ROS-induced U-87 glioblastoma cells was performed to study the effect of Rhus Tox on reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-oxidant status and cytokine profile. Rhus Tox decreased oxidative stress and cytokine release with restoration of anti-oxidant systems. Chronic treatment with Rhus Tox ultra dilutions for 14 days ameliorated neuropathic pain revealed as inhibition of cold, warm and mechanical allodynia along with improved motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in constricted nerve. Rhus Tox decreased the oxidative and nitrosative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content, respectively along with up regulated glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in sciatic nerve of rats. Notably, Rhus Tox treatment caused significant reductions in the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as compared with CCI-control group. Protective effect of Rhus Tox against CCI-induced sciatic nerve injury in histopathology study was exhibited through maintenance of normal nerve architecture and inhibition of inflammatory changes. Overall, neuroprotective effect of Rhus Tox in CCI-induced neuropathic pain suggests the involvement of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Magar
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur- 425405, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepika Nayak
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial technology (a deemed to be University), Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Pin-751024, India
| | - Umesh B Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur- 425405, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalpesh R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur- 425405, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin D Shinde
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur- 425405, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule-424001, Dist-Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivang Swaminarayan
- Janmangal Homeopathy and Wellness Centre, Bopal, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380058, India
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur- 425405, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial technology (a deemed to be University), Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Pin-751024, India.
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Effects of Zanthoxylum piperitum ethanol extract on osteoarthritis inflammation and pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:481-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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α-Terpineol reduces cancer pain via modulation of oxidative stress and inhibition of iNOS. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:652-661. [PMID: 29902764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Terpineol (TP) is present in a wide range of essential oils of the genus Eucalyptus, with recognized potential for a range of biological effects, such as analgesic. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the effect of TP on cancer pain induced by sarcoma 180 in Swiss mice. Our results showed that TP reduced significantly mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous and palpation-induced nociception, improved paw use without reducing tumor growth and grip strength. Importantly, no evident biochemical and hematological toxicity was oberved. Furthermore, TP increased the tissue antioxidant capacity due to ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and glutathione (GSH). TP also reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunocontent in the tumors. Molecular docking estimated that TP binds within the same range of iNOS regions (other iNOS inhibitors), such as N-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). These data provide strong evidence that TP may be an interesting candidate for the development of new safe analgesic drugs that are effective for cancer pain control.
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Ramachandran R, Pedersen SH, Amrutkar DV, Petersen S, Jacobsen JM, Hay-Schmidt A, Olesen J, Jansen-Olesen I. Selective cephalic upregulation of p-ERK, CamKII and p-CREB in response to glyceryl trinitrate infusion. Cephalalgia 2018; 38:1057-1070. [PMID: 28738691 DOI: 10.1177/0333102417722511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background A common characteristic of migraine-inducing substances is that they cause headache and no pain in other areas of the body. Few studies have compared pain mechanisms in the trigeminal and spinal systems and, so far, no major differences have been noted. We compared signalling molecules in the trigeminal and spinothalamic system after infusion of the migraine-provoking substance glyceryltrinitrate. Method A catheter was placed in the femoral vein of rats and one week later glyceryltrinitrate 4 µg/kg/min was infused for 20 min. Protein expression in the dura mater, trigeminal ganglion, nucleus caudalis, dorsal root ganglion and the dorsal horn of the thoracic spinal cord was analysed at different time points using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Glyceryltrinitrate caused a threefold increase in expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases at 30 min in the dura mater and nucleus caudalis ( P < 0.05) and at 2 h in the trigeminal ganglion with very few expressions in the dorsal root ganglion. In the nucleus caudalis, expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and Cam KII increased 2.6-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively, at 2 h after glycerytrinitrate infusion ( P < 0.01). p-CREB/ATF-1 upregulation was observed only at 30 min ( P < 0.05) in the nucleus caudalis. None of these markers showed increased expression in the regions of thoracic spinal cord dorsal horn. Conclusion The dura, trigeminal ganglion and nucleus caudalis are activated shortly after glycerytrinitrate infusion with long-lasting expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases observed in the nucleus caudalis. These activations were not observed at the spinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Ramachandran
- 1 Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sara Hougaard Pedersen
- 1 Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Dipak Vasantrao Amrutkar
- 1 Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Steffen Petersen
- 1 Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Julie Mie Jacobsen
- 1 Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- 2 Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- 1 Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Inger Jansen-Olesen
- 1 Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
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Ding Y, Yao P, Hong T, Han Z, Zhao B, Chen W, Zhou G. Early hyperbaric oxygen effects on neuropathic pain and nitric oxide synthase isoforms in CCI rats. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7513-7521. [PMID: 29484128 PMCID: PMC5800920 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is pain caused by injury or dysfunction in the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Neuropathic pain has a high incidence with a complex mechanism, but effective treatment remains elusive. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been widely used in the treatment of a variety of neurological diseases. The current study used a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. We observed the effects of early use of 2.5 absolute atmosphere (ATA) HBO on neuropathic pain-related behaviors and the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in the spinal dorsal horn. In the CCI group, mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was decreased, Thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) was shortened, and mRNA and protein levels of iNOS and nNOS were significantly increased compared to the sham group. MWT was increased, TWL was enhanced, and iNOS and nNOS levels were significantly decreased in the HBO group compared to the CCI group. There was no change in eNOS levels across all groups. HBO treatment at early stages can improve hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenkai Han
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baisong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cueno ME, Imai K. Various cellular stress components change as the rat ages: An insight into the putative overall age-related cellular stress network. Exp Gerontol 2017; 102:36-42. [PMID: 29197562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress is mainly comprised of oxidative, nitrosative, and endoplasmic reticulum stresses and has long been correlated to the ageing process. Surprisingly, the age-related difference among the various components in each independent stress pathway and the possible significance of these components in relation to the overall cellular stress network remain to be clearly elucidated. In this study, we obtained blood from ageing rats upon reaching 20-, 40-, and 72-wk.-old. Subsequently, we measured representative cellular stress-linked biomolecules (H2O2, glutathione reductase, heme, NADPH, NADP, nitric oxide, GADD153) and cell signals [substance P (SP), free fatty acid, calcium, NF-κB] in either or both blood serum and cytosol. Subsequently, network analysis of the overall cellular stress network was performed. Our results show that there are changes affecting stress-linked biomolecules and cell signals as the rat ages. Additionally, based on our network analysis data, we postulate that NADPH, H2O2, GADD153, and SP are the key components and the interactions between these components are central to the overall age-related cellular stress network in the rat blood. Thus, we propose that the main pathway affecting the overall age-related cellular stress network in the rat blood would entail NADPH-related oxidative stress (involving H2O2) triggering GADD153 activation leading to SP induction which in-turn affects other cell signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E Cueno
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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Haddadi NS, Ostadhadi S, Shakiba S, Afshari K, Rahimi N, Foroutan A, Dehpour AR. Pharmacological evidence of involvement of nitric oxide pathway in anti-pruritic effects of sumatriptan in chloroquine-induced scratching in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 32:69-76. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
| | - Sattar Ostadhadi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center; Neuroscience Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Chamran highway Bagherkhan St., Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Shakiba
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
| | - Arash Foroutan
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Poorsina St., Enghelab Ave.; Tehran Iran
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Haddadi NS, Foroutan A, Ostadhadi S, Azimi E, Rahimi N, Nateghpour M, Lerner EA, Dehpour AR. Peripheral NMDA Receptor/NO System Blockage Inhibits Itch Responses Induced by Chloroquine in Mice. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:571-577. [PMID: 28119997 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intradermal administration of chloroquine (CQ) provokes scratching behavior in mice. Chloroquine-induced itch is histamine-independent and we have reported that the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway is involved in CQ-induced scratching behavior in mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) induces NO production. Here we show that NMDAR antagonists significantly decrease CQ-induced scratching in mice while a non-effective dose of an NMDAR agonist potentiates the scratching behavior provoked by sub-effective doses of CQ. In contrast, combined pre-treatment with sub-effective doses of an NMDAR antagonist, MK-801, and the NO synthase inhibitor, L-N-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), decreases CQ-induced scrat-ching behavior. While intradermal administration of CQ significantly increases the concentration of intradermal nitrite, the end product of NO metabolism, effective doses of intraperitoneal and intradermal MK-801 significantly decrease intradermal nitrite levels. Likewise, administration of an effective dose of L-NAME significantly decreases CQ-induced nitrite production. We conclude that the NMDA/NO pathway in the skin modulates CQ-induced scratching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784 Tehran, Iran
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Lynds R, Lyu C, Lyu GW, Shi XQ, Rosén A, Mustafa K, Shi TJS. Neuronal plasticity of trigeminal ganglia in mice following nerve injury. J Pain Res 2017; 10:349-357. [PMID: 28223844 PMCID: PMC5310634 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s120092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nerve injury may induce neuropathic pain. In studying the mechanisms of orofacial neuropathic pain, attention has been paid to the plastic changes that occur in the trigeminal ganglia (TGs) and nucleus in response to an injury of the trigeminal nerve branches. Previous studies have explored the impact of sciatic nerve injury on dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and it has shown dramatic changes in the expression of multiple biomarkers. In large, the changes in biomarker expression in TGs after trigeminal nerve injury are similar to that in DRGs after sciatic nerve injury. However, important differences exist. Therefore, there is a need to study the plasticity of biomarkers in TGs after nerve injury in the context of the development of neuropathic pain-like behaviors. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the plasticity of biomarkers associated with chronic persistent pain in TGs after trigeminal nerve injury. Materials and methods To mimic the chronic nature of the disorder, we used an intraoral procedure to access the infraorbital nerve (ION) and induced a nerve injury in mice. Immunohistochemistry and quantification were used for revealing the expression level of each biomarker in TGs after nerve injury. Results Two weeks after partial ION injury, immunohistochemistry results showed strongly upregulated expressions of activating transcription factor 3 and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the ipsilateral TGs. Microglial cells were also activated after nerve injury. In regard to positive neuronal profile counting, however, no significant difference in expression was observed in galanin, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, phosphorylated AKT, or P2X3 in ipsilateral TGs when compared to contralateral TGs. Conclusion In this study, the expression and regulation of biomarkers in TGs have been observed in response to trigeminal nerve injury. Our results suggest that NPY and Iba1 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of orofacial neuropathic pain following this type of injury. Further investigations on the relevance of these changes may help to target suitable treatment possibilities for trigeminal neuralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Lynds
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chuang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Gong-Wei Lyu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie-Qi Shi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annika Rosén
- Division for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
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Bhat RA, Lingaraju MC, Pathak NN, Kalra J, Kumar D, Kumar D, Tandan SK. Effect of ursolic acid in attenuating chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:517-528. [PMID: 27414466 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA; 3b-hydroxy-12-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, has been known to possess potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antinociceptive effects in various animal models. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the antihyperalgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of UA at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of doses via per os (p.o.) route for 14 days in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Pain behavior in rats was evaluated before and after UA administration via mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. CCI caused significant increase in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxido-nitrosative stress. In addition, significant increase in myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide (NO), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in sciatic nerve and spinal cord concomitant with mechanical and heat hyperalgesia is also noted for CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Administration of UA significantly reduced the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TOS. Further, reduced glutathione is also restored by UA. UA also showed in vitro NO and superoxide radical scavenging activity. UA has a potential in attenuating neuropathic pain behavior in CCI model which may possibly be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia A Bhat
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Madhu C Lingaraju
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Nitya N Pathak
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Jaspreet Kalra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Surendra K Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
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Central antinociceptive effect of tapentadol is increased by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:606-14. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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NADPH-diaphorase reactivity and Fos-immunoreactivity within the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of cats submitted to acute muscle inflammation induced by injection of carrageenan. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:659-664. [PMID: 27692234 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NADPH-diaphorase activity and Fos-immunoreactivity within the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord were studied in cats with acute unilateral myositis following injection of carrageenan into the m.m. gastrocnemius-soleus. In carrageenan-injected cats maximum in the mean number of intensely stained NADPH-diaphorase reactive (NADPH-dr) neurons was found in lamina VII (+100%) and VIII (+33%) of the contralateral ventral horn of the L6/L7 segments as compared with control animals. The maximumal level of Fos-immunoreactivity was registered in the same laminae with ipsilateral predominance (39.3±4.6 and 7.6±0.9 cells), in comparison with the contralateral side (13.6±0.8 and 5.5±0.6 cells, respectively; P<0.05). We also visualized low-intensely stained and double labelled (Fos immunoreactive+low-intensely stained NADPH-dr) multipolar and fusiform Renshaw-like cells (RLCs) within the ventral horn on both sides of the L6/L7 segments in carrageenan-injected cats. We visualized the double labelled (Fos-ir+NADPH-dr) multipolar and fusiform Renshaw-like cells (RLCs) within the ventral horn on both sides of the L6/L7 segments in carrageenan-injected cats. A significant difference in the mean number of RLCs was recorded between the ipsi- and contralateral sides in the lamina VII (13.6±2.5 vs. 4.9±0.7 cells, respectively). We suppose that activation of inhibitory RLCs in ipsilateral lamina VII could be directed on attenuation of activation of motoneurons during muscle pain development. Our study showed that a significant contralateral increase in the number of NADPH-dr cells is accompanied by an ipsilateral increase in c-Fos expression in lamina VII. These data may suggest that NADPH-dr neurons of the contralateral ventral horn through commissural connections also involved in the maintenance of the neuronal activity associated with acute muscle inflammation. It is also hypothesized, that during acute myositis, plastic changes in the ventral horn activate the processes of disinhibition due to an increase in the number of NADPH-d-reactive neurons in the spinal gray matter.
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Swiatek KM, Jordan K, Coffman J. New use for an old drug: oral ketamine for treatment-resistant depression. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-216088. [PMID: 27489070 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a disabling disorder that can interfere with a patient's capacity to understand and participate in medical care and thus negatively impact individual morbidity and mortality. Hospitalised patients with TRD may require rapid alleviation of severe symptomatology, particularly when suicidal or if unable to participate in care decisions. Ketamine is well known for its anaesthetic effects and its use as a 'street' drug; however, its action as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist makes ketamine a potential therapy for TRD. The majority of studies investigating ketamine for TRD have used intravenous drug delivery, demonstrating benefit for rapid alleviation and sustained response of depression symptoms. Oral ketamine for urgent alleviation of TRD symptoms is less reported. We describe rapid alleviation of severe TRD with oral ketamine in a severely ill postoperative hospitalised patient, and review the current literature on 'off-label' use of ketamine for treatment of refractory depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julie Coffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospice & Palliative Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Freire MAM, Guimaraes JS, Santos JR, Simplício H, Gomes-Leal W. Morphometric analysis of NADPH diaphorase reactive neurons in a rat model of focal excitotoxic striatal injury. Neuropathology 2016; 36:527-534. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio M. Freire
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Society; Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN); Mossoró RN Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Belém PA Brazil
| | - Joanilson S. Guimaraes
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Belém PA Brazil
| | - Jose Ronaldo Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology; Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS); Itabaiana SE Brazil
| | - Hougelle Simplício
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Society; Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN); Mossoró RN Brazil
- Anita Garibaldi Center for Education and Research in Health; Santos Dumont Institute (ISD); Macaíba RN Brazil
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience; Santos Dumont Institute (ISD); Macaíba RN Brazil
| | - Walace Gomes-Leal
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Belém PA Brazil
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Abbasnezhad A, Khazdair MR, Kianmehr M. The role of nitric oxide on the oxytocin induce analgesia in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:238-44. [PMID: 27114792 PMCID: PMC4834112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analgesic effects of oxytocin and it's the other physiological effects were well-known. The aim of present study was determination of nitric oxide role on analgesic effects of oxytocin in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS 216 male Albino mice were divided randomly into two experimental groups, tail flick and formalin test. Each experimental group consists of three main groups including: saline, L-arginine (50 mg/kg) and L-NAME (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (IP) injection. 15 min after injection in each of the following groups, the animals in each groups divided to the three subgroups including: saline (n=12), oxytocin (1 mg/kg) (n=12) and oxytocin (1 mg/kg) + atosiban (1 mg/kg) (n=12) was injected IP and then after 30 min of use the formalin test and tail flick were to evaluate the response to pain. RESULTS Area under the curve (AUC) in the late phase of the formalin test, in sub-groups oxytocin + saline and L-NAME were significantly decreased compared with saline + saline group (P<0.05 to P< 0.001), and AUC in L-arginine + saline and atosiban + saline + oxytocin were significantly increased compared with oxytocin + saline group (P<0.05). Tail flick tests as well as a significant reduction in the AUC in oxytocin + L-arginine and atosiban + saline + oxytocin groups were compared with Oxytocin + Saline group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Oxytocin has analgesic effects in the acute and late phase of pain in the formalin test. Moreover, exogenous increasing of nitric oxide reduced the analgesic effect of oxytocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Abbasnezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Kianmehr
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Majid Kianmehr. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-38002152; Fax: +98-51-38828564;
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