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Tang D, Kroemer G, Kang R. Ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside. Hepatology 2024; 80:721-739. [PMID: 37013919 PMCID: PMC10551055 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The most widespread type of liver cancer, HCC, is associated with disabled cellular death pathways. Despite therapeutic advancements, resistance to current systemic treatments (including sorafenib) compromises the prognosis of patients with HCC, driving the search for agents that might target novel cell death pathways. Ferroptosis, a form of iron-mediated nonapoptotic cell death, has gained considerable attention as a potential target for cancer therapy, especially in HCC. The role of ferroptosis in HCC is complex and diverse. On one hand, ferroptosis can contribute to the progression of HCC through its involvement in both acute and chronic liver conditions. In contrast, having ferroptosis affect HCC cells might be desirable. This review examines the role of ferroptosis in HCC from cellular, animal, and human perspectives while examining its mechanisms, regulation, biomarkers, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; 94800 Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP; 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Jin L, Jin A, Wang L, Qi X, Jin Y, Zhang C, Niu M. NRP1 Induces Enhanced Stemness and Chemoresistance in Glioma Cells via YAP. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:166-174. [PMID: 38220212 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a transmembrane glycoprotein, plays an important role in the malignant progression of gliomas; however, its role in chemoresistance is not fully understood. In this study, we observed the effects of NRP1 on the stemness and chemoresistance of glioma cells and the mediating role of Yes-associated protein (YAP). We constructed NRP1 overexpressing LN-229 glioma cells. Cells were treated with recombinant NRP1 protein (rNRP1) and the YAP inhibitor Super-TDU when necessary. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect the sensitivity of cells to temozolomide (TMZ). Sphere and clone formation assays were performed to detect the sphere- and clone-forming abilities of cells. Western blotting was performed to detect cellular CD133, CD44, p-LATS1, and p-YAP protein expression. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect the subcellular localization of YAP and apoptosis, respectively. We found that both NRP1 overexpression and rNRP1 treatment enhanced self-renewal, TMZ resistance, and CD133 and CD44 protein expression in LN-229 cells. NRP1 overexpression and rNRP1 treatment also induced LATS1 and YAP dephosphorylation and YAP nuclear translocation. Super-TDU inhibits NRP1 overexpression-induced enhanced self-renewal and TMZ resistance in LN-229 cells. Our study suggests that NRP1 induces increased stemness in glioma cells, resulting in chemoresistance, and that this effect is associated with YAP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Jin
- Cangzhou People's Hospital
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Shi H, Zou Y, Zhong W, Li Z, Wang X, Yin Y, Li D, Liu Y, Li M. Complex roles of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15311-15322. [PMID: 37608027 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling module that controls organ size in different species, and the disorder of the Hippo pathway can induce liver cancer in organisms, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The exact mechanism that causes cancer is still unknown. Recent studies have shown that it is a classical kinase cascade that phosphorylates the Mst1/2-sav1 complex and activates the phosphorylation of the Lats1/2-mob1A/B complex for inactivating Yap and Taz. These kinases and scaffolds are regarded as primary regulators of the Hippo pathway, and help in activating a variety of carcinogenic processes. Among them, Yap/Taz is seen to be the main effector molecule, which is downstream of the Hippo pathway, and its abnormal activation is related to a variety of human cancers including liver cancer. Currently, since Yap/Taz plays a variety of roles in cancer promotion and tumor regeneration, the Hippo pathway has emerged as an attractive target in recent drug development research. METHODS We collect and review relevant literature in web of Science and Pubmed. CONCLUSION This review highlights the important roles of Yap/Taz in activating Hippo pathway in liver cancer. The recent findings on the crosstalks between the Hippo and other cancer associated pathways and moleculars are also discussed. In this review, we summarized and discussed recent breakthroughs in our understanding of how key components of the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway influence the hepatocellular carcinoma, including their effects on tumor occurrence and development, their roles in regulating metastasis, and their function in chemotherapy resistance. Further, the molecular mechanism and roles in regulating cross talk between Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway and other cancer-associated pathways or oncogenes/cancer suppressor genes were summarized and discussed. More, many other inducers and inhibitors of this signaling cascade and available experimental therapies against the YAP/TAZ/TEAD axis were discussed. Targeting this pathway for cancer therapy may have great significance in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Graphical summary of the complex role of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Shi
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zou
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhong
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoying Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, 250102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yancun Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Defang Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minjing Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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He T, Guo W, Yang G, Su H, Dou A, Chen L, Ma T, Su J, Liu M, Su B, Qi W, Li H, Mao W, Wang X, Li X, Yang Y, Song Y, Cao G. A Single-Cell Atlas of an Early Mongolian Sheep Embryo. Vet Sci 2023; 10:543. [PMID: 37756065 PMCID: PMC10536297 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell types have been established during organogenesis based on early mouse embryos. However, our understanding of cell types and molecular mechanisms in the early embryo development of Mongolian sheep has been hampered. This study presents the first comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic characterization at E16 in Ujumqin sheep and Hulunbuir short-tailed sheep. Thirteen major cell types were identified at E16 in Ujumqin sheep, and eight major cell types were identified at E16 in Hulunbuir short-tailed sheep. Function enrichment analysis showed that several pathways were significantly enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, the platelet activation pathway, the riboflavin metabolism pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and the insulin signaling pathway in the notochord cluster. Glutathione metabolism, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism, the citrate cycle, thyroid hormone synthesis, pyruvate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, thermogenesis, and the VEGF signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the spinal cord cluster. Steroid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, the cell cycle, the Hippo signaling pathway, the Hedgehog signaling pathway, the FoxO signaling pathway, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the Wnt signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the paraxial mesoderm cluster. The notochord cluster, spinal cord cluster, and paraxial mesoderm cluster were found to be highly associated with tail development. Pseudo-time analysis demonstrated that the mesenchyme can translate to the notochord in Ujumqin sheep. Molecular assays revealed that the Hippo signaling pathway was enriched in Ujumqin sheep. This comprehensive single-cell map revealed previously unrecognized signaling pathways that will further our understanding of the mechanism of short-tailed sheep formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi He
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot 010031, China
| | - Wenrui Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (G.Y.); (X.L.)
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Hong Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Aolei Dou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Teng Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010030, China;
| | - Moning Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Budeng Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Wangmei Qi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Haijun Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Wei Mao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (G.Y.); (X.L.)
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot 010031, China
| | - Yongli Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (G.Y.); (X.L.)
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo, and Development Engineering Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (T.H.); (W.G.); (H.S.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (T.M.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (W.Q.); (H.L.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
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SOX9 Expression Is Superior to Other Stem Cell Markers K19 and EpCAM in Predicting Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:1-11. [PMID: 36322988 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Various stem cell markers (eg, epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM], cytokeratin 19 [K19]) have been reported as predictors of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the data remain limited, particularly in Western populations, and are often contradictory. In this study, the prognostic value of positive SOX9 immunohistochemistry was compared with that of more established markers EpCAM and K19 in a large cohort (n=216) of North American patients. The independent HCC cohort in The Cancer Gene Atlas (n=360) was utilized to validate our findings. Finally, molecular signatures associated with SOX9 -high HCC were determined. We found that the expression of SOX9, but not EpCAM or K19, was associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) and was an independent prognostic factor for DFS in our North American cohort, in which hepatitis C infection was the most common underlying etiology. High SOX9 mRNA level, but not increased expression of EpCAM mRNA or K19 mRNA, was also associated with worse DFS and was an independent prognostic factor for DFS in The Cancer Gene Atlas cohort. This group had underlying causes, including an increased incidence of hepatitis B, significantly different from our initial cohort. High SOX9 mRNA level is associated with molecular pathways important in HCC pathogenesis. Increased SOX9 expression is clinically and biologically relevant for HCC arising in patients with a variety of underlying etiologies. Immunohistochemistry for SOX9 is a reliable proxy for increased SOX9 mRNA and can be used to predict prognosis in HCC cases.
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Mranda GM, Xiang ZP, Liu JJ, Wei T, Ding Y. Advances in prognostic and therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The hippo signaling pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:937957. [PMID: 36033517 PMCID: PMC9411807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.937957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of the primary liver cancer cases are hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Worldwide, there is an increasing incidence of primary liver cancer cases due to multiple risk factors ranging from parasites and viruses to metabolic diseases and lifestyles. Often, patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, depriving them of surgical curability benefits. Moreover, the efficacy of the available chemotherapeutics is limited in advanced stages. Furthermore, tumor metastases and recurrence make primary liver cancer management exceptionally challenging. Thus, exploring the molecular mechanisms for the development and progression of primary liver cancer is critical in improving diagnostic, treatment, prognostication, and surveillance modalities. These mechanisms facilitate the discovery of specific targets that are critical for novel and more efficient treatments. Consequently, the Hippo signaling pathway executing a pivotal role in organogenesis, hemostasis, and regeneration of tissues, regulates liver cells proliferation, and apoptosis. Cell polarity or adhesion molecules and cellular metabolic status are some of the biological activators of the pathway. Thus, understanding the mechanisms exhibited by the Hippo pathway is critical to the development of novel targeted therapies. This study reviews the advances in identifying therapeutic targets and prognostic markers of the Hippo pathway for primary liver cancer in the past six years.
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