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Yan J, Lou L, Bai W, Zhang S, Zhang N. Phosphorus deficiency is the main limiting factor for re-vegetation and soil microorganisms in Mu Us Sandy Land, Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165770. [PMID: 37506915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Long-term drought induced by low rainfall leads to environmental degradation of land in arid and semi-arid regions. In past decades, re-vegetation of degraded sandy soils to prevent soil erosion has been widely employed, including in Mu Us Sandy Land, which suffers from severe soil erosion. However, it remains unclear how re-vegetation affects soil properties and soil microbes after long restoration periods. In this study, typical plots planting Artemisia ordosica and Salix psammophila were selected to investigate the influence of plant types on soil properties; an area of bare sandy land was used as a control. The results show that re-vegetation increased soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), soil microbial carbon, microbial nitrogen and soil organic acid, while decreasing soil total phosphorous (TP) content significantly, resulting in increased C/P and N/P ratios. Correlation analysis showed that TP was negatively correlated with oxalic acid (OA) and acetic acid (AA), indicating that increased AA and OA content could accelerate the active utilization of phosphorus and induced low TP in soil. Re-vegetation with A. ordosica significantly decreased the microbial diversity of topsoil. The redundancy analysis showed that TP was main index in affecting microbes. These results that lower P content, higher C/P and N/P ratio and influence of TP on microbes suggest that phosphorus is the main limiting factor for re-vegetation and growth of soil microorganisms. In the future, strategies for the development of sustainable ecosystems in regions suffers from severe soil erosion should consider phosphorus supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China.
| | - Li Lou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China
| | - Wenhui Bai
- Forestry and Seedling Workstation of Yuyang District, Yulin, 719000, China
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China.
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da Silva GF, Matusevicius APO, Calonego JC, Chamma L, Luperini BCO, Alves MDS, Leite HMF, Pinto EDJ, Silva MDA, Putti FF. Soil-Plant Relationships in Soybean Cultivated under Crop Rotation after 17 Years of No-Tillage and Occasional Chiseling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2657. [PMID: 36235523 PMCID: PMC9573570 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
No-tillage cover crops contribute to better soil quality, being able to replace mechanized tillage management. This observation can only be made after several years of adopting conservationist practices and through research on soil-plant relationships. The objective of the research was to verify the relationship between the production components, physiological, root development, and physical-hydric properties of the soil in the yield of soybean grown in succession to different cover crops or with soil chiseling. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, comparing the cultivation of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and millet (Penninsetum glaucum L.) as cover crops and a treatment with soil chiseling. The evaluations were carried out during soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivation in the 2019/20 summer crop, that is, after 17 years of experimenting started in 2003. Rotation with sunn hemp increased soybean yield by 6% and 10%, compared with millet rotation and soil chiseling. The species used in crop rotation in a long-term no-tillage system interfere with the physical and water characteristics of the soil, affecting the physiological responses and soybean yield. The rotation with sunn hemp offers greater water stability to the plants and provides greater soybean yield in succession. Future research that better addresses year-to-year variation, architecture, and continuity of pores provided by crop rotation, and evaluations of gas exchange, fluorescence, and activities of stress enzymes in soybean plants may contribute to a better understanding of soil-plant relationships in long-term no-till.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Carlos Calonego
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Larissa Chamma
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
| | | | - Michely da Silva Alves
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabete de Jesus Pinto
- Health Sciences Center, University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Santo Antônio de Jesus 44574-490, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Almeida Silva
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferrari Putti
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, School of Sciences and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tupã 17602-496, Brazil
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Yan J, Zhang N, Kang F, Wang J, Wang X. Cultivar replacement increases water use efficiency in foxtail millet in Shaanxi Province, China. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:73-81. [PMID: 33971461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cultivar replacement-induced genetic improvement is considered an important factor in enhancing crop grain yield. However, the effect of cultivar replacement of foxtail millet, an important crop in arid and semi-arid regions, on grain yield and drought resistance has rarely been considered. In the present study, we grew five millet cultivars, representative of widely cultivated varieties released from the 1950s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China, in an open rainout shelter (closed during rain events) under two contrasting water treatments (35 ± 5% field water capacity (FWC), and 75 ± 5% FWC) with an aim to detect yield-related parameters, biomass accumulation, water use efficiency (WUE), and plant water-related indices. The millet yield increased with cultivar replacement under normal water conditions, whereas this increase was eliminated under water stress conditions. However, WUE significantly improved under both water conditions over a decade. Correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was significantly affected by biomass, root dry weight at the flowering stage, leaf water potential, whole-plant hydraulic conductivity, root exudation, and leaf gas parameters. WUE had a significant, positive correlation with whole-plant hydraulic conductivity at the jointing stage, whereas it had a significant, negative correlation with root dry weight at harvest. Further, the newly bred cultivar had higher photosynthesis, root exudation, and whole-plant hydraulic conductivity and smaller root dry weight at harvest to hold higher grain yield and WUE. We conclude that future breeding for high-yielding and WUE millet cultivars should focus more on photosynthesis, whole-plant hydraulic conductivity, and root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, China.
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Furen Kang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, China
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Occurrence Regularity of Silt–Clay Minerals in Wind Eroded Deserts of Northwest China. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wind erosion desertification is the most serious type of land degradation in Northwest China, so it is an important task for ecological management in the region. As the core of ecological management, soil quality is mainly affected by the presence of silt–clay content. Therefore, the grasp of its occurrence regularity is the key to controlling wind erosion desertification. At present, research on silt–clay contents is mainly independent in each local area and lacks integrity, which makes it difficult to meet the overall evaluation and planning requirements. To this end, this paper reviewed the related studies on the occurrence and control of wind erosion desertification in recent years and collected nearly 300 relevant silt–clay content data points. We studied the occurrence regularity of silt–clay content during the occurrence and treatment of wind erosion desertification and revealed the mechanism of silt–clay content in different processes. On this basis, the degree of wind erosion desertification in the major areas of Northwest China in the last five years was evaluated by calculations based on soil typing theory, and the fractal dimension interval (2.41–2.53) for the critical discrimination of desertification in these areas was obtained. The results showed that there were obvious distribution intervals of silt–clay content for different degrees of wind erosion desertification. Qualitative changes in soil quality during degradation ranged from light to moderate wind erosion desertification. The occurrence and control of wind erosion desertification were largely affected by the processes of silt–clay particles loss and aggregation. Among the three main treatment measures, biological measures enhanced silt–clay content most significantly. In this study, the occurrence regularity of silt–clay minerals in wind erosion desertification in Northwest China was revealed as a whole. This study provided a preliminary overall judgement of the dynamic evolution of wind erosion desertification, which provided a reference for the overall evaluation and global governance planning of wind erosion desertification in Northwest China.
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Effects of different proportions of soft rock additions on organic carbon pool and bacterial community structure of sandy soil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4624. [PMID: 33633300 PMCID: PMC7907148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sandy soil leaks water and fertilizer, and the ecological degradation is serious. The structural characteristics of soft rock and sandy soil are complementary, and the improvement of sandy soil by adding soft rock is of great significance to improve soil fertility, restore biodiversity, and maintain sustainable development of the Mu Us sandy land region. In this study, total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily oxidized organic carbon (ROC), microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), bacterial community structure and crop yield were examined using soft rock:sand volume ratios of 0:1 (CK), 1:5 (C1), 1:2 (C2) and 1:1 (C3). Our results indicated that, compared with the CK treatment, TOC (9.66–22.34%), POC (85.65–120.41%) and ROC (114.12–192.31%) noticeably increased in C1, C2 and C3 treatments; SMBC in treatment C3 increased by 42.77%. The three dominant bacteria in the soil (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi), as well as Proteobacteria abundance, greatly declined in the treatments with the addition of soft rock. Pseudarthrobacter was the dominant Genus in all treatments, having an abundance between 11.83 and 19.33%. Bacterial diversity, richness and evenness indices all recorded an increase under the treatments. POC, TOC and SMBC recorded the most significant effects on the bacterial community structure. The largest increases in wheat and corn yields were recorded in the C2 treatment (16.05% and 16.30%), followed by the C1 treatment (8.28% and 8.20%, respectively). Our findings indicate that a soft rock:sand ratio between 1:5 and 1:2 recorded the most improvement in the sandy soil environment.
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