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Bashir MS, Saeed U, Khan JA, Saeed M, Mustafa G, Malik RN. Mitigating potential of polystyrene microplastics on bioavailability, uptake, and toxicity of copper in maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124299. [PMID: 38848958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The coexistence of polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) and copper (Cu) has become a pressing issue for croplands. However, limited literature is available regarding the interaction of PSMPs with essential micronutrients in Cu-contaminated soils. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the immobilization potential of PSMPs for micronutrient bioavailability in soil and Cu toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted with maize variety "Islamabad gold" exposed to varying Cu concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and PSMPs (150-250 μm size, 0, 1, and 3% w/w) via soil spiking for 60 days. The concentrations of essential micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) in soil and plant tissues were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase) were recorded. The concentration of Cu showed significant reduction in post-harvesting soil by 21, 24.8, 27.6, 29.2, and 30.2% from Cu0 to Cu400 mg/kg respectively from pre-sowing soil. On the other hand, the addition of 1%PSMPs and 3%PSMPs declined Cu by 16, 21.6, 24.4, 25.9, 27.8, and 12.6, 16.5, 19.9, 23.2, 25% from Cu0 to Cu400 mg/kg respectively. Maize showed significant improvement in growth under combined exposure of Cu and 3% PSMPs compared to individual exposure. The MDA level was decreased under the combined presence of Cu and PSMPs compared to individual Cu exposure. The percentage difference with 1%PSMPs was 98.1, 95.0, 92.0, 90.0, and 89.6%, while with 3%PSMPs was 93.2, 93.2, 87.7, 81.4, and 79.2% from Cu0 to Cu400 mg/kg respectively. Moreover, the impact of PSMPs was more prominent at a 3% dose compared to a 1% dose. The findings provided significant knowledge about the potential of PSMPs to mitigate Cu toxicity in maize. Future research should incorporate a variety of particle size distributions at natural conditions for variety-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Bashir
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Umair Saeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Aslam Khan
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Guo Z, Yuan X, Li T, Wang S, Yu Y, Liu C, Duan C. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots under Lead Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6050. [PMID: 38892238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that play important roles in the resistance of plants to abiotic stress. Despite the widely reported adverse effects of lead (Pb) contamination on maize, the effects of Pb on the biosynthetic processes of flavonoids in maize roots are still unknown. In the present work, we employed a combination of multi-omics and conventional assay methods to investigate the effects of two concentrations of Pb (40 and 250 mg/kg) on flavonoid biosynthesis in maize roots and the associated molecular regulatory mechanisms. Analysis using conventional assays revealed that 40 and 250 mg/kg Pb exposure increased the lead content of maize root to 0.67 ± 0.18 mg/kg and 3.09 ± 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, but they did not result in significant changes in maize root length. The multi-omics results suggested that exposure to 40 mg/kg of Pb caused differential expression of 33 genes and 34 metabolites related to flavonoids in the maize root system, while 250 mg/kg of Pb caused differential expression of 34 genes and 31 metabolites. Not only did these differentially expressed genes and metabolites participate in transferase activity, anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic processes, metal ion binding, hydroxyl group binding, cinnamoyl transferase activity, hydroxycinnamoyl transferase activity, and flavanone 4-reductase activity but they were also significantly enriched in the flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis pathways. These results show that Pb is involved in the regulation of maize root growth by interfering with the biosynthesis of flavonoids in the maize root system. The results of this study will enable the elucidation of the mechanisms of the effects of lead on maize root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Provincial Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xinqi Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ting Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yadong Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chang'e Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Changqun Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Mesbahi N, Ali O, Ali Ahmed Sadoudi D, Ouidir O. Application of phytoremediation on soil polluted by heavy metals from sewage sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:997-1013. [PMID: 36190109 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2124952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by heavy metals (HM) has become a problem in Algeria, in particular that caused by the discharge of untreated sewage sludge due to the lack of means at the level of sewage treatment plants (WWTP). The objective of our work was to study the possibility of reducing HM pollution of the soil of the WWTP site of Reghaia (Algeria) by phytoremediation. The results obtained showed the decrease in plant growth parameters (maize, rapeseed and alfalfa) grown on the polluted soil. However, on polluted soil amended with fertilizer, improved growth of these plants was noted. It has also been observed that the cultivation of plants in polluted soils (amended and unamended) made it possible to have attenuation rates for HMs (Cd, Zn and Cr) higher than those obtained in the absence of plant cultivation. However, these rates were not very high (less than 40%), and the fertilizer amendment did not increase these rates, despite the improvement in the production of plant biomass. This would be mainly due to the decrease in the bioavailability of HMs for plants. It was concluded that the tested plants do not allow the phytoextraction of HM but their phytostabilization in the polluted soil of the Reghaia WWTP site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Mesbahi
- Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Oumessaad Ali
- Faculty of Science, University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Djamila Ali Ahmed Sadoudi
- Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Ouerdia Ouidir
- Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
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Gupta N, Singh PM, Sagar V, Pandya A, Chinnappa M, Kumar R, Bahadur A. Seed Priming with ZnO and Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles Alleviate the Lead Toxicity in Basella alba L. through Reduced Lead Uptake and Regulation of ROS. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11172227. [PMID: 36079609 PMCID: PMC9460373 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The increased lead (Pb) content in the environment has an impact on all living beings, including plant growth and quality. The present study aims to investigate the protective roles of zinc (Zn)- and iron (Fe)- nanoparticles (NPs) in alleviating stress symptoms caused by lead (Pb) exposure in Basella alba seedlings. For this purpose, 15 different treatment combinations of seed priming with two NPs at 0 and 200 mg L−1, and five Pb levels (0, 4, 8, 15, 20 mM) were chosen. Pb stress (20 mM) was found to reduce seed germination by 72.8% and seedling growth, particularly root length, by 92% when compared to the control. Under different Pb concentrations, seed priming with ZnNPs (200 mg L−1) and FeNPs (200 mg L−1) increased seed germination by 34.7% and 54.9%, respectively, and root length by 152.9% and 252.9%, respectively. In 20 mM Pb stress, NPs primed seedling showed decrease in Pb content by 33.7% with ZnNPs and 32.6% with FeNPs. Increased Pb stress resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) compared to non-Pb stressed seedlings. However, increased antioxidants in the NPs treatments such as SOD, CAT, POD and proline content, scavenged these ROS. Considering all the parameters under study, priming alleviated Pb stress in the following order: FeNPs > ZnNPs > hydropriming > control. To summarise, seed priming with Zn- and Fe-NPs has the potential to alleviate Pb toxicity via reduced Pb uptake, ROS generation and lipid peroxidation as well as increased proline content and activation of antioxidant enzymatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, PB-01, Po-Jakhini (Sahanshahpur), Varanasi 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, PB-01, Po-Jakhini (Sahanshahpur), Varanasi 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9454089614
| | - Vidya Sagar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, PB-01, Po-Jakhini (Sahanshahpur), Varanasi 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Pandya
- Department of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Manimurugan Chinnappa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, PB-01, Po-Jakhini (Sahanshahpur), Varanasi 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Bahadur
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, PB-01, Po-Jakhini (Sahanshahpur), Varanasi 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abedi T, Gavanji S, Mojiri A. Lead and Zinc Uptake and Toxicity in Maize and Their Management. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151922. [PMID: 35893627 PMCID: PMC9332466 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals is a global problem, and these metals can reach the food chain through uptake by plants, endangering human health. Among the metal pollutants in soils, zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) are common co-pollutants from anthropogenic activities. Thus, we sought to define the accumulation of Zn and Pb in agricultural soils and maize. Concentrations of Pb in agricultural soil (in Namibia) could reach 3015 mg/Kg, whereas concentrations of Zn in soil (in China) could reach 1140 mg/Kg. In addition, the maximum concentrations of Zn and Pb were 27,870 and 2020 mg/Kg in maize roots and 4180 and 6320 mg/Kg in shoots, respectively. Recent studies have shown that soil properties (such as organic matter content, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), texture, and clay content) can play important roles in the bioavailability of Zn and Pb. We also investigated some of the genes and proteins involved in the uptake and transport of Zn and Pb by maize. Among several amendment methods to reduce the bioavailability of Zn and Pb in soils, the use of biochar, bioremediation, and the application of gypsum and lime have been widely reported as effective methods for reducing the accumulation of metals in soils and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Abedi
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan;
| | - Shahin Gavanji
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Radziemska M, Gusiatin ZM, Holatko J, Hammerschmiedt T, Głuchowski A, Mizerski A, Jaskulska I, Baltazar T, Kintl A, Jaskulski D, Brtnicky M. Nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) as an Amendment for Phytostabilization of Highly Multi-PTE Contaminated Soil. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2559. [PMID: 34069264 PMCID: PMC8156641 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a lot of attention has been given to searching for new additives which will effectively facilitate the process of immobilizing contaminants in the soil. This work considers the role of the enhanced nano zero valent iron (nZVI) strategy in the phytostabilization of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The experiment was carried out on soil that was highly contaminated with PTEs derived from areas in which metal waste had been stored for many years. The plants used comprised a mixture of grasses-Lolium perenne L. and Festuca rubra L. To determine the effect of the nZVI on the content of PTEs in soil and plants, the samples were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The addition of nZVI significantly increased average plant biomass (38%), the contents of Cu (above 2-fold), Ni (44%), Cd (29%), Pb (68%), Zn (44%), and Cr (above 2-fold) in the roots as well as the soil pH. The addition of nZVI, on the other hand, was most effective in reducing the Zn content of soil when compared to the control series. Based on the investigations conducted, the application of nZVI to soil highly contaminated with PTEs is potentially beneficial for the restoration of polluted lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Radziemska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02 776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M. Gusiatin
- Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10 719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61 300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (T.H.); (T.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61 300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (T.H.); (T.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrzej Głuchowski
- SGGW Water Centre, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02 787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Mizerski
- The Main School of Fire Service, Slowackiego 52/54, 01 629 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Jaskulska
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 7 Prof. S. Kaliskiego St., 85 796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Tivadar Baltazar
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61 300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (T.H.); (T.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61 300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (T.H.); (T.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.)
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Dariusz Jaskulski
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 7 Prof. S. Kaliskiego St., 85 796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61 300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (T.H.); (T.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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