1
|
Bhardwaj AK, Chandra KK, Kumar R. Inoculants of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Influence Growth and Biomass of Terminalia arjuna under Amendment and Anamendment Entisol. MYCOBIOLOGY 2024; 52:183-190. [PMID: 38948452 PMCID: PMC11210415 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2024.2360750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Entisol soil is hard and compact in nature, rendering it high in bulk density, which influences root penetration adversely and thereby poor plant growth. In this experiment, used seven treatments in different combination in normal soil, were used as growth media for the Terminalia arjuna seedling. T3 (60% entisol) found the best as it gave the highest biomass in the species regardless of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment. AMF treatment enhanced the growth and biomass of plants significantly in all the given treatments. AMF colonization observed a maximum in tertiary roots. T1 (100% entisol soil) exhibited the highest degree of AMF colonization in tertiary roots, resulting in the highest mycorrhiza dependency of plants for this soil. The addition of normal soil to entisol soil was found to decrease the bulk density, resulting in increased root diameter, and T3 plants exhibited the highest biomass and AMF compatibility for T. arjuna species. The T. arjuna plant's growth and biomass responded positively to AMF in all types of treatments. The plant's growth and biomass were highest in the T3 treatment, which had a bulk density of 1.50 g/cm3. In this study, we combined the entisol with mycorrhizal inoculation of the nursery growing medium to promote plant growth and biomass, improve the plant's ability to hold water and absorb nutrients, and lower the entisol's bulk density. The T. arjuna (Roxb) plant responds very favorably to mycorrhiza inoculation in nursery conditions with the entisol growth medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Bhardwaj
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - K. K. Chandra
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iosa I, Agrimonti C, Marmiroli N. Real-Time PCR (qtPCR) to Discover the Fate of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Agricultural Soils. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1002. [PMID: 38792831 PMCID: PMC11124357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To optimize the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in field trials, tracking methods are needed to assess their shelf life and to determine the elements affecting their effectiveness and their interactions with plants and native soil microbiota. This work developed a real-time PCR (qtPCR) method which traces and quantifies bacteria when added as microbial consortia, including five PGPR species: Burkholderia ambifaria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Rahnella aquatilis. Through a literature search and in silico sequence analyses, a set of primer pairs which selectively tag three bacterial species (B. ambifaria, B. amyloliquefaciens and R. aquatilis) was retrieved. The primers were used to trace these microbial species in a field trial in which the consortium was tested as a biostimulant on two wheat varieties, in combination with biochar and the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus intraradices. The qtPCR assay demonstrated that the targeted bacteria had colonized and grown into the soil, reaching a maximum of growth between 15 and 20 days after inoculum. The results also showed biochar had a positive effect on PGPR growth. In conclusion, qtPCR was once more an effective method to trace the fate of supplied bacterial species in the consortium when used as a cargo system for their delivery.
Collapse
|
3
|
Guillen T, Kessler M, Homeier J. Fern mycorrhizae do not respond to fertilization in a tropical montane forest. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:e10139. [PMID: 38560414 PMCID: PMC10979390 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ferns are known to have a lower incidence of mycorrhization than angiosperms. It has been suggested that this results from carbon being more limiting to fern growth than nutrient availability, but this assertion has not been tested yet. In the present study, we took advantage of a fertilization experiment with nitrogen and phosphorus on cloud forest plots of the Ecuadorean Andes for 15 years. A previous analysis revealed changes in the abundances of fern species in the fertilized plots compared to the control plots and hypothesized that this might be related to the responses of the mycorrhizal relationships to nutrient availability. We revisited the plots to assess the root-associated fungal communities of two epiphytic and two terrestrial fern species that showed shifts in abundance. We sampled and analyzed the roots of 125 individuals following a metabarcoding approach. We recovered 1382 fungal ASVs, with a dominance of members of Tremellales (Basidiomycota) and Heliotales (Ascomycota). The fungal diversity was highly partitioned with little overlap between individuals. We found marked differences between terrestrial and epiphytic species, with the latter fundamentally missing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We found no effect of fertilization on the diversity or relative abundance of the fungal assemblages. Still, we observed a direct impact of phosphorus fertilization on its concentration in the fern leaves. We conclude that fern-fungi relationships in the study site are not restricted by nutrient availability and suggest the existence of little specificity on the fungal partners relative to the host fern species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Guillen
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Faculty of Resource ManagementUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts (HAWK)GöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akbar M, Chohan SA, Yasin NA, Ahmad A, Akram W, Nazir A. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced tillering in field grown wheat, nutritional enrichment and soil properties. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15686. [PMID: 37719109 PMCID: PMC10504892 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet food security, commercial fertilizers are available to boost wheat yield, but there are serious ill effects associated with these fertilizers. Amongst various organic alternatives, inoculating crop fields with mycorrhizal species is the most promising option. Although, mycorrhizae are known to enhance wheat yield, but how the mycorrhizae influence different yield and quality parameters of wheat, is not clear. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the influence of indigenous mycorrhizal species on the growth of wheat, its nutritional status and soil properties, in repeated set of field experiments. In total 11 species of mycorrhizae were isolated from the experimental sites with Claroideoglomus, being the most dominant one. Five different treatments were employed during the present study, keeping plot size for each replicate as 6 × 2 m. Introduction of consortia of mycorrhizae displayed a significant increase in number of tillers/plant (49.5%), dry biomass (17.4%), grain yield (21.2%) and hay weight (16.7%). However, there was non-significant effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on 1,000 grains weight. Moreover, protein contents were increased to 24.2%. Zinc, iron, phosphorus and potassium concentrations were also increased to 24%, 21%, 30.9% and 14.8%, respectively, in wheat grains. Enhancement effects were also noted on soil fertility such as soil organic carbon % age, available phosphorus and potassium were increased up to 64.7%, 35.8% and 23.9%, respectively. Herein, we concluded that mycorrhizal introduction in wheat fields significantly increased tillering in wheat and this increased tillering resulted in overall increase in wheat biomass/yield. Mycorrhizae also enhanced nutritional attributes of wheat grains as well as soil fertility. The use of mycorrhizae will help to reduce our dependance on synthetic fertilizers in sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Safeer A. Chohan
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nasim A. Yasin
- SSG, RO-II Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Waheed Akram
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nazir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ganugi P, Caffi T, Gabrielli M, Secomandi E, Fiorini A, Zhang L, Bellotti G, Puglisi E, Fittipaldi MB, Asinari F, Tabaglio V, Trevisan M, Lucini L. A 3-year application of different mycorrhiza-based plant biostimulants distinctively modulates photosynthetic performance, leaf metabolism, and fruit quality in grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236199. [PMID: 37711298 PMCID: PMC10497758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of microbial biostimulants in agriculture is recognized as a sustainable approach to promoting crop productivity and quality due to improved nutrient uptake, enhanced stress tolerance, and improved ability to cope with non-optimal environments. The present paper aimed to comparatively investigate the effect of seven different commercial mycorrhizal-based treatments in terms of yield, phytochemical components, and technological traits of Malvasia di Candia Aromatica grape (Vitis vinifera L.) plants. Metabolomic analysis and photosynthetic performance were first investigated in leaves to point out biochemical differences related to plant growth. Higher photosynthetic efficiency and better PSII functioning were found in biostimulant-treated vines, reflecting an overall decrease in photoinhibition compared to untreated plants. Untargeted metabolomics followed by multivariate statistics highlighted a robust reprogramming of primary (lipids) and secondary (alkaloids and terpenoids) metabolites in treated plants. The analysis of berry yield and chemical components exhibited significant differences depending on the biostimulant product. Generally, berries obtained from treated plants displayed improved contents of polyphenols and sugars, while yield remained unchanged. These results elucidated the significant role of microbial biostimulants in determining the quality of grape berries and eliciting biochemical changes in vines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mario Gabrielli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elena Secomandi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Sciences, Technologies and Society, University School for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellotti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Florencia Asinari
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lamlom SF, Irshad A, Mosa WFA. The biological and biochemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by the bio and organic fertilizers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:111. [PMID: 36814215 PMCID: PMC9948426 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms and organic compounds (humic and fulvic acid) offer viable alternatives to insecticides and mineral fertilizers. Even though many studies have shown the effects of biofertilizers and organic substances separately, little information is available on plant responses to the combined application of these bio-stimulants, even though these biological inputs have a high potential for simultaneous action. A two-year (2020/21-2021/22) field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of organic and biofertilizers application on the growth, yield, and biochemical attributes of wheat (cv. Misr-1). Pre-planting, wheat seeds were inoculated with two biofertilizers including Mycorrhizae, and Azotobacter, and their combination (MIX), and control (un-inoculation) were considered the main plot factor. The subplot factor contained the foliar sprays of humic acid, fulvic acid, and control (no spray). The results revealed that the seed inoculation with mycorrhizae and azotobacter in combination with foliar-applied humic acid markedly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth, yield, and seed biochemical composition of wheat. Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control. Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments. The foliar application of humic acid combined with the mycorrhizae or azotobacter seed inoculation was efficient to induce wheat vegetative growth development, as well as yield and its components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sobhi F. Lamlom
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531 Egypt
| | - Ahsan Irshad
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Walid F. A. Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Saba Basha, Alexandria, 21531 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fouad FA, Youssef DG, Shahat FM, Abd El-Ghany MN. Role of Microorganisms in Biodegradation of Pollutants. HANDBOOK OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS 2023:221-260. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-09710-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
8
|
Ganugi P, Pathan SI, Zhang L, Arfaioli P, Benedettelli S, Masoni A, Pietramellara G, Lucini L. The pivotal role of cultivar affinity to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in determining mycorrhizal responsiveness to water deficit. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113381. [PMID: 36030905 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have gained remarkable importance, having been proved to alleviate drought stress-induced damage in wheat due to their ability to ameliorate plant water use efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity. However, despite the current relevance of the topic, the molecular and physiological processes at the base of this symbiosis never consider the single cultivar affinity to mycorrhization as an influencing factor for the metabolic response in the AMF-colonized plant. In the present study, the mycorrhizal affinity of two durum wheat species (T. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.)) varieties, Iride and Ramirez, were investigated. Successively, an untargeted metabolomics approach has been used to study the fungal contribution to mitigating water deficit in both varieties. Iride and Ramirez exhibited a high and low level of mycorrhizal symbiosis, respectively; resulting in a more remarkable alteration of metabolic pathways in the most colonised variety under water deficit conditions. However, the analysis highlighted the contribution of AMF to mitigating water deficiency in both varieties, resulting in the up- and down-regulation of many amino acids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, lipids, and hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Shamina Imran Pathan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Arfaioli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedettelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy
| | - Alberto Masoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietramellara
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Graziano S, Caldara M, Gullì M, Bevivino A, Maestri E, Marmiroli N. A Metagenomic and Gene Expression Analysis in Wheat (T. durum) and Maize (Z. mays) Biofertilized with PGPM and Biochar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810376. [PMID: 36142289 PMCID: PMC9499264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Commodity crops, such as wheat and maize, are extremely dependent on chemical fertilizers, a practice contributing greatly to the increase in the contaminants in soil and water. Promising solutions are biofertilizers, i.e., microbial biostimulants that when supplemented with soil stimulate plant growth and production. Moreover, the biofertilizers can be fortified when (i) provided as multifunctional consortia and (ii) combined with biochar with a high cargo capacity. The aim of this work was to determine the molecular effects on the soil microbiome of different biofertilizers and delivery systems, highlight their physiological effects and merge the data with statistical analyses. The measurements of the physiological parameters (i.e., shoot and root biomass), transcriptomic response of genes involved in essential pathways, and characterization of the rhizosphere population were analyzed. The results demonstrated that wheat and maize supplemented with different combinations of selected microbial consortia and biochar have a positive effect on plant growth in terms of shoot and root biomass; the treatments also had a beneficial influence on the biodiversity of the indigenous rhizo-microbial community, reinforcing the connection between microbes and plants without further spreading contaminants. There was also evidence at the transcriptional level of crosstalk between microbiota and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Caldara
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bevivino
- Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), 30123 Venice, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gruet C, Muller D, Moënne-Loccoz Y. Significance of the Diversification of Wheat Species for the Assembly and Functioning of the Root-Associated Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:782135. [PMID: 35058901 PMCID: PMC8764353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat, one of the major crops in the world, has had a complex history that includes genomic hybridizations between Triticum and Aegilops species and several domestication events, which resulted in various wild and domesticated species (especially Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum), many of them still existing today. The large body of information available on wheat-microbe interactions, however, was mostly obtained without considering the importance of wheat evolutionary history and its consequences for wheat microbial ecology. This review addresses our current understanding of the microbiome of wheat root and rhizosphere in light of the information available on pre- and post-domestication wheat history, including differences between wild and domesticated wheats, ancient and modern types of cultivars as well as individual cultivars within a given wheat species. This analysis highlighted two major trends. First, most data deal with the taxonomic diversity rather than the microbial functioning of root-associated wheat microbiota, with so far a bias toward bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi that will progressively attenuate thanks to the inclusion of markers encompassing other micro-eukaryotes and archaea. Second, the comparison of wheat genotypes has mostly focused on the comparison of T. aestivum cultivars, sometimes with little consideration for their particular genetic and physiological traits. It is expected that the development of current sequencing technologies will enable to revisit the diversity of the wheat microbiome. This will provide a renewed opportunity to better understand the significance of wheat evolutionary history, and also to obtain the baseline information needed to develop microbiome-based breeding strategies for sustainable wheat farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yvan Moënne-Loccoz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ayed S, Bouhaouel I, Jebari H, Hamada W. Use of Biostimulants: Towards Sustainable Approach to Enhance Durum Wheat Performances. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:133. [PMID: 35009136 PMCID: PMC8747104 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of biostimulant (BS) holds a promising and environmental-friendly innovation to address current needs of sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study is twofold: (i) assess the potential of durum wheat seed coating with microbial BS ('Panoramix', Koppert), a mix of Bacillus spp., Trichoderma spp., and endomycorrhiza, compared to two chemical products ('Spectro' and 'Mycoseeds') through germination bioassay, pot and field trials under semi-arid conditions, and (ii) identify the most effective method of BS supply ('seed coating', 'foliar spray', and 'seed coating + foliar spray') under field conditions. For this purpose, three modern durum wheat cultivars were tested. 'Panoramix' was the most efficient treatment and enhanced all germination (germination rate, and coleoptile and radicle length), physiological (relative water content, chlorophyll content, and leaf area), and agro-morphological (plant height, biomass, seed number per spike, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield) attributes. Unexpectedly, the individual application of 'Panoramix' showed better performance than the combined treatment 'Panoramix + Spectro'. Considering the physiological and agro-morphological traits, the combined method 'seed coating + foliar spray' displayed the best results. Principal component analysis confirmed the superiority of 'Panoramix' treatment or 'seed coating + foliar spray' method. Among tested durum wheat cultivars, 'Salim' performed better especially under 'Panoramix' treatment, but in some case 'Karim' valorized better this BS showing the highest increase rates. Based on these study outcomes, 'Panoramix' might be used as promising sustainable approach to stimulate durum wheat performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourour Ayed
- Field Crops Laboratory, LR20-INRAT-02, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Ariana 2049, Tunisia;
| | - Imen Bouhaouel
- Genetics and Cereal Breeding Laboratory, LR14AGR01, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (I.B.); (W.H.)
| | - Hayet Jebari
- Field Crops Laboratory, LR20-INRAT-02, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Ariana 2049, Tunisia;
| | - Walid Hamada
- Genetics and Cereal Breeding Laboratory, LR14AGR01, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (I.B.); (W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fouad FA, Youssef DG, Shahat FM, Abd El-Ghany MN. Role of Microorganisms in Biodegradation of Pollutants. HANDBOOK OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS 2022:1-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83783-9_11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
13
|
Dong F, Wang Y, Tang M. Effects of Laccaria bicolor on Gene Expression of Populus trichocarpa Root under Poplar Canker Stress. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121024. [PMID: 34947006 PMCID: PMC8703858 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplars can be harmed by poplar canker. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi can improve the resistance of poplars to canker, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, an aseptic inoculation system of L. bicolor-P. trichocarpa-B. dothidea was constructed, and transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate regulation by L. bicolor of the expression of genes in the roots of P. trichocarpa during the onset of B. dothidea infection, and a total of 3022 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed on these DEGs, and 661 genes' expressions were considered to be affected by inoculation with L. bicolor and B. dothidea. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that these 661 DEGs were involved in multiple pathways such as signal transduction, reactive oxygen metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction. Inoculation with L. bicolor changed the gene expression pattern of the roots, evidencing its involvement in the disease resistance response of P. trichocarpa. This research reveals the mechanism of L. bicolor in inducing resistance to canker of P. trichocarpa at the molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of mycorrhizal fungi to improve plant disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxin Dong
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (F.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (F.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (F.D.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1370-922-9152
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jajoo A, Mathur S. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as an underground saviuor for protecting plants from abiotic stresses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2589-2603. [PMID: 34924713 PMCID: PMC8639914 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To increase food production, prevalent agricultural malpractices such as intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides have led to degradation of the ecosystem. In this situation, there is a need to encourage eco-friendly and sustainable methods for improving crop production under ever increasing abiotic stress conditions. One such method can be through use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM fungi). Soil microorganisms such as AMF serve as a link between plants and the soil resources. AMF represent a key functional group of soil microbiota that is fundamental for soil fertility, crop productivity, yield, quality and ecosystem resilience. AMF potentially increases bioavailability of water as well as various micro- and macro- nutrients which enhances production of plant photosynthates. In plants, inoculation with AMF led to increased photochemical efficiency ultimately resulting in enhanced plant growth. In this review we have summarized amelioration of drought or water scarcity, salt stress, increasing temperature or high temperature and heavy metal stresses etc. in crop plants by AMF through its effects on various physiological and biochemical processes including photosynthesis. The review also highlights AMF induced tolerance and adaptive mechanisms which protect crops from stresses. We conclude the review with a discussion of unseen issues and suggestions for future researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonal Mathur
- Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P India
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20750 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Microbial biostimulants as a sustainable approach to improve the functional quality in plant-based foods: a review. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
16
|
Chen Y, Martinez A, Cleavenger S, Rudolph J, Barberán A. Changes in Soil Microbial Communities across an Urbanization Gradient: A Local-Scale Temporal Study in the Arid Southwestern USA. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071470. [PMID: 34361905 PMCID: PMC8305102 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban development is one of the leading causes of biodiversity change. Understanding how soil microorganisms respond to urbanization is particularly important because they are crucial for the provisioning of ecosystem functions and services. Here, we collected monthly soil samples over one year across three locations representing an urbanization gradient (low-moderate-high) in the arid Southwestern USA, and we characterized their microbial communities using marker gene sequencing. Our results showed that microbial richness and community composition exhibited nonsignificant changes over time regardless of the location. Soil fungal richness was lower in moderately and highly urbanized locations, but soil bacterial/archaeal richness was not significantly different among locations. Both bacteria/archaea and fungi exhibited significant differences in community composition across locations. After inferring potential functional groups, soils in the highly urbanized location had lower proportions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil saprotrophic fungi but had higher proportions of bacterial taxa involved in aromatic compound degradation, human pathogens, and intracellular parasites. Furthermore, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were more abundant in the highly urbanized location, but ammonia-oxidizing archaea were more abundant in lowly and moderately urbanized locations. Together, these results highlight the significant changes in belowground microbial communities across an urbanization gradient, and these changes might have important implications for aboveground–belowground interactions, nutrient cycling, and human health.
Collapse
|
17
|
Influence on Secondary Metabolism of Piper nigrum L. by Co-Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030484. [PMID: 33669088 PMCID: PMC7996571 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate defense mechanisms of Piper nigrum against fusariosis, an experiment based on co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis was performed. Variations in secondary metabolism in plants infected with F. solani f. sp. piperis (FUS) and co-inoculated with AMFs and F. solani (AMF + FUS) were monitored at 7- and 21-days post inoculations (dpi). The pathogen induced a decrease in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (82.0–77.4%), and changes in the concentrations of the main compounds, α-muurolene, α-muurolol, and 2E-hexenal in the leaves. It was observed that the concentration of 2E-hexenal decreased at 7 dpi, α-muurolene decreased at 21 dpi, and α-muurolol increased at 21 dpi. There was a prevalence of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons in the roots, such as β-caryophyllene, δ-elemene, and limonene. The infection and co-inoculation induced greater production of phenolics in the roots at 7 dpi. The enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase decreased in the leaves at 21 dpi and in the roots on both days, while the lipoxygenase activity decreased only in the roots at 21 dpi. The results demonstrated that co-inoculation with AMFs and F. solani induces changes in the defense metabolism of P. nigrum, but it is not efficient in the biocontrol of fusariosis during the evaluated period.
Collapse
|
18
|
Khan AG. Promises and potential of in situ nano-phytoremediation strategy to mycorrhizo-remediate heavy metal contaminated soils using non-food bioenergy crops ( Vetiver zizinoides & Cannabis sativa). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:900-915. [PMID: 32538143 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1774504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in soil, air, and water environments effect human health. These HMs cannot be degraded in soil and they can only be transformed from one state to another. Food and energy resources such as coal, oil, petrol, etc. are gradually diminishing due to ever increasing demand and consumption, world faces crisis. There is an urgent need to address these problems by reclaiming the waste/polluted land for food and energy production. Various physicochemical remediation strategies are being proposed, developed, and tested but they are all very costly and only applicable to small contaminated sites. During the past two decades or so, plant-based phytoremediation technology is rapidly evolving as a promising new tool to address the issue with the potential to remediate HM contaminated soils in a sustainable manner. Plants, labeled as phyto-tolerant or phyto-accumulators, surviving on such contaminated soils reduce the toxicity by preventing their translocation or destroying the contaminants by sequestration by synthesizing thiol-containing HM-binding proteins (nano-molecules) and peptides (phytochelators or PCs) which modulate internal levels of metal concentration between deficient and toxic levels. But such plants are very slow growing, producing small biomass, and the process taking a long time to effectively remediate such soils. To overcome limitations of using such plants, plants capable of high biomass production and tolerating multiple HMs, such as non-food bioenergy crops (Vetiver and Hamp), are required. This plant-based remediation strategy can further be enhanced with the use of both plants and rhizosphere microbes like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria. The combination of three components, i.e. high biomass producing plant, soil, and its rhizosphere harboring plant growth-promoting rhizobial (PGPR) microbiota, particularly AMF, will further improve the process of nano-phytoremediation of HM contaminated soils. This mini review focuses on how phytoremediation, nanotechnology, AMF and PGPR technologies can be merged together to form an integrated nano-mycorrhizo-phytoremediation (NMPR) strategy which synergistically achieve the goal of remediation of soil contaminants and improve the phytoremediation performance of bioenergy plants grown on HM polluted soils. This review also identifies the urgent need to conduct field-scale application of this strategy and use it as potential tool for reestablishing plant cover and population diversity during restoration of derelict land post-industrial/mining activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Khan
- Department of Academic, Western Sydney University, Ambarvale, Australia
| |
Collapse
|