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Hlimi A, El Otmani S, Elame F, Chentouf M, El Halimi R, Chebli Y. Application of Precision Technologies to Characterize Animal Behavior: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:416. [PMID: 38338058 PMCID: PMC10854988 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the state of precision livestock farming (PLF)'s spread, utilization, effectiveness, and evolution over the years. PLF includes a plethora of tools, which can aid in a number of laborious and complex tasks. These tools are often used in the monitoring of different animals, with the objective to increase production and improve animal welfare. The most frequently monitored attributes tend to be behavior, welfare, and social interaction. This study focused on the application of three types of technology: wearable sensors, video observation, and smartphones. For the wearable devices, the focus was on accelerometers and global positioning systems. For the video observation, the study addressed drones and cameras. The animals monitored by these tools were the most common ruminants, which are cattle, sheep, and goats. This review involved 108 articles that were believed to be pertinent. Most of the studied papers were very accurate, for most tools, when utilized appropriate; some showed great benefits and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Hlimi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco
| | - Samira El Otmani
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Fouad Elame
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Rachid El Halimi
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco
| | - Youssef Chebli
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
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Muñoz-Gallego R, Wiegand T, Traveset A, Fedriani JM. Sex-driven neighborhood effects on herbivory in the dioecious Mediterranean palm Chamaerops humilis L. Oecologia 2023; 203:151-165. [PMID: 37794240 PMCID: PMC10615982 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well recognized that the strength of plant-herbivore interactions can vary with the plant sex, the distance, and the density of conspecific neighbors, no study has yet assessed their combined influence. Here, we filled this knowledge gap by focusing on the dioecious palm Chamaerops humilis L., and its two main herbivores, the invasive moth Paysandisia archon Burmeister and the feral goat Capra hircus L. We evaluated levels and spatial patterns of herbivory, as well as those of plant size and number of inflorescences in two palm populations in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Our spatial point pattern analyses revealed that palms not affected by moth herbivory or goat florivory were spatially aggregated, goats fed more strongly upon inflorescences in palms with more neighbors, but they consumed more leaves in isolated palms. Interestingly, we could reveal for the first time that plant sex is a key plant trait modulating neighborhood effects. For instance, whereas aggregated female palms experienced lower intensity of goat florivory than isolated ones, male palms showed the opposite pattern. Palm size and number of inflorescences also showed sex-related differences, suggesting that sexual dimorphism is a key driver of the observed neighborhood effects on herbivory. Our study highlights the importance of considering relevant plant traits such as sex when investigating plant neighborhood effects, calling for further research to fully understand the dynamics governing plant-herbivore interactions in dioecious systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz-Gallego
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (IMCDEA, CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Traveset
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (IMCDEA, CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Jose M Fedriani
- Desertification Research Centre (CIDE, CSIC), Crta. Moncada-Náquera, Km 4.5, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD, CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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Cheng H, Jin BC, Luo K, Zhang XL, Pei JY, Zhang YH, Han LQ, Tang JQ, Li FM, Sun GJ, Ben Wu X. Seasonal resource selection of free-ranging Zhongwei goats in the semi-arid grassland. Animal 2023; 17:100972. [PMID: 37757525 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Goats rarely move and forage randomly. They tend to move in ways generally influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, respectively. However, few studies have explored the foraging behaviour of goats in the absence of predation and human disturbance. Based on step selection function modelling framework, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, vegetation surveys, and Global Positioning System tracking of 124 free-ranging domestic adult male Zhongwei goats over one year (2016-2017) were used to assess how biotic and abiotic environmental factors affected their spatiotemporal distribution, and developed a conceptual model to represent the goats' trade-off between forage quantity and preference at different seasons, in the semi-arid grassland of Loess Plateau of 1 178 hectare. The results showed that spatial distributions of goats responded to spatiotemporal variation of biotic factors rather than abiotic factors of elevation, slope and solar radiation, which indicated that biotic factors were of priority to abiotic factors in the foraging process for the goats. According to the season changing, the goats positively used areas with higher forage quantity in the spring and winter, areas of higher forage quantity and preferred species in summer, and areas of abundance of preferred species in autumn. We developed a model to describe the phenomenon that the goats selected areas with higher preferred species only when the forage quantity was plentiful, otherwise they selected areas with higher forage quantity. Better understanding of the patterns and drivers of spatiotemporal distribution of the goats can improve our ability to predict foraging behaviour of livestock in heterogeneous environment and lead to better management practices and policies for the sustainability of these semi-arid landscapes and associated ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cheng
- School of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Institute of Arid Agroecology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, and School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Bao-Cheng Jin
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Kai Luo
- Institute of Arid Agroecology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, and School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiu-Ying Pei
- Institute of Arid Agroecology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, and School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Arid Agroecology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, and School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Qin Han
- School of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jia-Qi Tang
- Institute of Arid Agroecology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, and School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- Institute of Arid Agroecology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, and School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guo-Jun Sun
- Institute of Arid Agroecology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, and School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X Ben Wu
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Abdelsattar MM, Zhao W, Saleem AM, Kholif AE, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Zhang N. Physical, Metabolic, and Microbial Rumen Development in Goat Kids: A Review on the Challenges and Strategies of Early Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2420. [PMID: 37570229 PMCID: PMC10417166 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive system of newborn ruminant functions is similar to monogastric animals, and therefore milk flows into the abomasum instead of rumen for digestion. The rumen undergoes tremendous changes over time in terms of structure, function, and microbiome. These changes contribute to the smooth transition from the dependence on liquid diets to solid diets. Goat kids are usually separated at early ages from their dams in commercial intensive systems. The separation from dams minimizes the transfer of microbiota from dams to newborns. In this review, understanding how weaning times and methodologies could affect the normal development and growth of newborn goats may facilitate the development of new feeding strategies to control stress in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.M.A.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.M.A.); (W.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Atef M. Saleem
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Kholif
- Department of Dairy Science, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK;
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico R. Aldama Km 1, Chihuahua 31031, Mexico
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.M.A.); (W.Z.)
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Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061100. [PMID: 36978640 PMCID: PMC10044356 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in emotions and cognitive science make it imperative to assess the emotional stress in goats at the time of slaughter. The present study was envisaged to study the electroencephalogram and physiological responses as affected by slaughter empathy in goats. A total of 12 goats were divided into two groups viz., E-group (goats exposed to slaughter environment, n = 6) and S-group (goat slaughtered in front of E-group, n = 6). The electroencephalogram and physiological responses in male Boer cross goats (E-group) were recorded in a slaughterhouse in two stages viz., control (C) without exposure to the slaughter of conspecifics and treatment (T) while visualizing the slaughter of conspecifics (S—slaughter group). The exposure of the goat to the slaughter of a conspecific resulted in a heightened emotional state. It caused significant alterations in neurobiological activity as recorded with the significant changes in the EEG spectrum (beta waves (p = 0.000491), theta waves (p = 0.017), and median frequency MF or F50 (p = 0.002)). Emotional stress was also observed to significantly increase blood glucose (p = 0.031) and a non-significant (p = 0.225) increase in heart rate in goats. Thus, slaughter empathy was observed to exert a significant effect on the electric activity of neurons in the cerebrocortical area of the brain and an increase in blood glucose content.
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Wade C, Trotter MG, Bailey DW. Small Ruminant Landscape Distribution: A Literature Review. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Pre-slaughter stress mitigation in goats: Prospects and challenges. Meat Sci 2023; 195:109010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Caballero VJ, Romero Martinez J, Borrelli LB, Castillo DA, Mikuc JP, Villar ML, Villagra ES. Are winter rangelands enough to satisfy the nutritional requirements of late-gestation transhumant goats in Patagonia? PASTORALISM 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13570-022-00249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTranshumant herds graze across two different rangeland types according to the season. Winter rangelands differ from summer rangelands in the amount and quality of available fodder, with the former being the less productive. In cold areas, winter rangeland has low forage quality where goats may suffer severe nutritional restrictions during gestation which lead to significant reproductive losses in the form of abortions and perinatal losses. In Argentinian northern Patagonia, the transhumant Criollo goat is a dual-purpose breed, producing both meat and cashmere and grazing on winter rangelands where they complete their reproductive cycle. Our objective was to evaluate to what extent the winter rangelands of northern Argentine Patagonia satisfy the nutritional requirements needed by Criollo transhumant goats during late gestating. We evaluated a study between 2010 and 2012 where we analysed the body weight and body condition score of the goats reaching the winter rangelands and before kidding. We also analysed the botanical composition of their diet, the quality forage (metabolizable energy, crude protein and digestibility) contribution offered by the species and the proportions of the nutritional requirements of the goats during the last third of gestation. Significantly, we found a decrease in body weight and body condition score in late gestation. In 2010, the goats’ diet showed a nutritional deficiency value of 0.6 Mcal/day metabolizable energy and 30.43 g/day crude protein; in 2011, a deficiency of 0.77 Mcal/day metabolizable energy and 65.48 g/day crude protein; and in 2012, a deficiency of 0.75 Mcal/day metabolizable energy and 55.41 g/day crude protein. Forage present 51, 52 and 48% digestibility in each year, respectively. We conclude that forage quality in winter rangelands in Argentinean Patagonia is not high enough to satisfy the nutritional requirements of Criollo transhumant goats during the last third of gestation. We recommend 550 g/day of an 80:20 mixture of corn:soy expeller supplementation during late gestation.
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Estimation of Grazing Activity of Dairy Goats Using Accelerometers and Global Positioning System. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22155629. [PMID: 35957185 PMCID: PMC9371207 DOI: 10.3390/s22155629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of advanced electronic sensors to monitor and record animal grazing activity provides a real opportunity to facilitate understanding of their behavioral responses. This study aimed to characterize the grazing activity and protein−energy requirements of grazing dairy goats in a Mediterranean woodland in northern Morocco by combining two sensors, the Global Positioning System (GPS) and three axis accelerometers. An experiment was conducted in a representative woodland with eight dairy goats. Measurements were undertaken during the three main grazing seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) for two consecutive and contrasting years. Grazing activity parameters were assessed using GPS collars and leg position sensors. The results showed that grazing time was higher in spring (57% and 59%) than in summer (39% and 36%) and autumn (41% and 45%), respectively, for the dry and wet years (p < 0.001). During the two studied years, the daily horizontal distance traveled by the goats increased from spring (about 4.5 km) to summer (about 6.5 km) and autumn (about 7.4 km), while greater daily vertical distances were recorded over similar distances during summer−autumn. Several protein−energy intakes that were insufficient to cover the requirements of the grazing goats were recorded, especially in summer. The combination of GPS collars and accelerometers contributed to a better understanding of the grazing activities of dairy goats in the studied Mediterranean woodland. These findings provide useful data on the protein−energy balances of dairy goats and offer additional information that could be useful for herders and managers to enhance goat-feeding strategies and guarantee high-performance in the semi-extensive traditional goat farming system.
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Physicochemical and quality characteristics of New Zealand goat meat and its ultrastructural features. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ortíz-Domínguez GA, Marin-Tun CG, Torres-Fajardo RA, González-Pech PG, Capetillo-Leal CM, Torres-Acosta JFDJ, Ventura-Cordero J, Sandoval-Castro CA. Selection of Forage Resources by Juvenile Goats in a Cafeteria Trial: Effect of Browsing Experience, Nutrient and Secondary Compound Content. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101317. [PMID: 35625163 PMCID: PMC9137546 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Grazing/browsing goats ingest a diverse diet selected from the forage resources available in the range/paddock intending to meet their nutritional requirements. Intake and selection of any given forage can be modified by several factors, such as its nutrient content, including secondary compounds, as well as its biomass availability in the environment. The animal’s previous browsing experience can also be an important factor driving intake and selection. Therefore, the present study evaluated all these factors as well as their interaction. The results showed that the goats’ browsing experience guided the selection and intake towards those forage resources of better nutritional quality when there was no restriction in forage supply, as is the case for cafeteria trials. Goats with browsing experience showed their ability to limit secondary compounds and optimize their selection and intake for plants with better digestibility. This cafeteria protocol made it possible to identify the selection and consumption pattern of plant species with limited availability in the natural vegetation. This methodology could help identifying the forage resources that may be useful for small ruminant feeding, versus those resources that are not consumed by goats despite having a suitable chemical composition and in vitro digestibility or a high abundance. Abstract We evaluated the effect of browsing experience, nutritional quality and secondary compounds of forage resources, and the interaction between these factors on the selection and intake of goats in a cafeteria trial. Twelve juvenile Criollo goats from 7 to 9 months of age, weighing 22 ± 3 kg, were divided into two groups: (a) browser goats group (n = 6, BG), and (b) naïve goats group (n = 6, NG), formed according to their previous browsing experience (with and without, respectively). Animals were housed in individual pens. The cafeteria experiment lasted 21 days considering pen adaptation, foliage adaptation, and measurements, which included the selection index (SI) of experimental forage resources (Chesson’s alpha) and their dry matter intake (DMI/Kg0.75), using a multiple Latin square design. Furthermore, correlation and regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the aforementioned factors. The NG did not show any selection pattern, while the BG selected Piscidia piscipula and Senegalia gaumeri (p = 0.0002). The BG consumed smaller amounts of secondary compounds compared to NG (p = 0.0001). In the BG, the flavonoids affected negatively their selection (R2 = 97.51, p = 0.0001), while the DMI was affected by in vitro DM digestibility and flavonoids (R2 = 99.85; p = 0.0001). For the NG, the crude protein and organic matter contents were associated with DMI, but none had a significant relationship with SI. The BG selected and consumed forages with suitable nutritional quality avoiding those with high content of secondary compounds such as flavonoids. Conversely, NG did not show a clear pattern for their selection or intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Andrés Ortíz-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Merida 97315, Mexico; (G.A.O.-D.); (C.G.M.-T.); (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (C.M.C.-L.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
| | - Cindy Goretti Marin-Tun
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Merida 97315, Mexico; (G.A.O.-D.); (C.G.M.-T.); (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (C.M.C.-L.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
| | - Rafael Arturo Torres-Fajardo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Merida 97315, Mexico; (G.A.O.-D.); (C.G.M.-T.); (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (C.M.C.-L.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
| | - Pedro Geraldo González-Pech
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Merida 97315, Mexico; (G.A.O.-D.); (C.G.M.-T.); (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (C.M.C.-L.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
| | - Concepción Manuela Capetillo-Leal
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Merida 97315, Mexico; (G.A.O.-D.); (C.G.M.-T.); (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (C.M.C.-L.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
| | - Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Merida 97315, Mexico; (G.A.O.-D.); (C.G.M.-T.); (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (C.M.C.-L.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
| | - Javier Ventura-Cordero
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5BL, UK;
| | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Merida 97315, Mexico; (G.A.O.-D.); (C.G.M.-T.); (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (C.M.C.-L.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-999-942-3200
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Chebli Y, El Otmani S, Hornick JL, Keli A, Bindelle J, Chentouf M, Cabaraux JF. Using GPS Collars and Sensors to Investigate the Grazing Behavior and Energy Balance of Goats Browsing in a Mediterranean Forest Rangeland. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030781. [PMID: 35161526 PMCID: PMC8839820 DOI: 10.3390/s22030781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Global Positioning System (GPS) and sensors technologies are increasingly used to study the grazing behavior of animals. This work was conducted to understand the grazing behavior and energy balance of goats browsing in forest rangeland using GPS and sensors technologies. Forage availability was estimated using the quadrat method during three grazing seasons. Simultaneously, eight indigenous goats were selected to explore their feeding behavior, grazing activities, and energy requirements. The experimental goats were fitted with GPS collars and leg sensors to monitor their grazing activities. At the same time, direct observation was used as a method to study their feeding behavior. Forage availability was higher during spring compared to the summer and autumn seasons. Goats recorded the highest biting rate during summer and autumn (about 22 bites/min). The highest intake rate was recorded during spring (5.6 g DM/min). During spring, goats spent most of their time on grazing (48%) in contrast to the summer and autumn (<31%; p < 0.001). They prolonged their lying down time in summer at the expense of standing duration. The time devoted exclusively to grazing (eating) was longer in spring. Walking time in summer and autumn was longer than in spring (p < 0.001). During summer and autumn, the energy balance of goats under grazing conditions was in deficit. Using GPS collars and leg sensors appears to be a useful and easily replicable method to explore and understand the seasonal changes in the grazing areas and activities of goats in a mountainous region. The results could help goat herders and managers to develop feeding and grazing systems while increasing the performance of goats in the Mediterranean forest rangeland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Chebli
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco; (S.E.O.); (M.C.)
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.H.); (J.-F.C.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Samira El Otmani
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco; (S.E.O.); (M.C.)
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.H.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Jean-Luc Hornick
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.H.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Abdelhafid Keli
- Department of Animal Production and Pastoralism, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Meknes 50001, Morocco;
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco; (S.E.O.); (M.C.)
| | - Jean-François Cabaraux
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-L.H.); (J.-F.C.)
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Hybrid Sequencing in Different Types of Goat Skeletal Muscles Reveals Genes Regulating Muscle Development and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102906. [PMID: 34679927 PMCID: PMC8532877 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic goats are commonly reared for meat and milk production in several regions of the world. However, the genetic mechanism underlying muscle development and meat quality of goats is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify known and novel genes regulating muscle development and meat quality of goats using second- and third-generation sequencing technologies. To achieve this, the meat quality and transcriptomes of longissimus dorsi (LD) and biceps femoris (BF) muscle tissues of Lingqiu Greyback goats were examined and compared. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and isoforms (DEIs) were functionally annotated. Results showed that 45,574 full-length transcripts covering 18,491 loci were characterized, and 12,566 genes were co-expressed in all samples. Differential expression analysis identified 231 DEGs, including 45 novel genes in the LD and BF muscles of the goats. Additionally, 1173 DEIs were found, in which 642 novel isoforms were identified in this study. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of the DEGs and DEIs revealed that some of them were associated with muscle growth and lipid metabolism. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the transcriptomic diversity underlying meat quality and muscle development of goat.
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Silvopastoral System in Morocco: Focus on Their Importance, Strategic Functions, and Recent Changes in the Mediterranean Side. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean basin, the silvopastoral system has always been part of the regional economy. Silvopastoral areas contribute significantly to the development of the ecological and socio-economic factors of territorial sustainability. However, little attention has been paid to reviewing the importance, historical evolution, socio-economic conditions, and climate change impact of the southern Mediterranean region of northern Morocco. This review casts light on research on the silvopastoral systems in Morocco with a focus on the Mediterranean side. Sixty-nine peer-reviewed publications were selected for this systematic review. The findings revealed that silvopastoral areas play a very important role in animal feeding in Morocco. Animals are managed traditionally on these woodlands where they graze throughout the year. The silvopastoral system has undergone several changes over recent decades. These changes have had a direct impact on ecosystems, causing a decline in biodiversity, forest degradation, and an increase in land use at the expense of silvopastoral areas, mainly in the Mediterranean region of northern Morocco. Consequently, the sustainability of the silvopastoral systems would undoubtedly be negatively affected. The review finishes with some crucial strategies and propositions that could be encouraged to support sustainable management actions of silvopastoral resources. In the conclusion, we outline the need to assess the realistic socio-economic and ecological benefits of silvopastoral systems to promote their sustainable development.
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Agro-Alimentary Potential of the Neglected and Underutilized Local Endemic Plants of Crete (Greece), Rif-Mediterranean Coast of Morocco and Tunisia: Perspectives and Challenges. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091770. [PMID: 34579305 PMCID: PMC8469186 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The neglected and underutilized plants (NUPs) could become alternative food sources in the agro-alimentary sector, enriching human and animal diets, offering the opportunity for sustainable exploitation, resilience to climate change, and production with resistance to pests and diseases. In the Mediterranean countries, these valuable resources are threatened by climate change, overexploitation, and/or monoculture. In this framework, we evaluated 399 local endemic NUPs of Crete (Greece), the Mediterranean coast, Rif of Morocco, and Tunisia, regarding their agro-alimentary potential, and assessed their feasibility and readiness timescale for sustainable exploitation with own previously published methodology. The methodological scheme was developed by experts in co-creative workshops, using point-scoring of seven attributes to evaluate the potential of the targeted NUPs in the agro-alimentary. Our results showed a diversity of promising local endemic NUPs of different families in the studied regions (Lamiaceae members are prominent), and we outlined the cases of 13 taxa with the highest optimum scores of agro-alimentary potential (>70%). Despite the diversity or the promising potential and current ex-situ conservation efforts to bridge gaps, our study indicated that only a few cases of Cretan local endemic NUPs can be sustainably exploited in the short-term. However, it is argued that many more local endemic NUPs can easily follow sustainable exploitation schemes if specific research gaps are bridged. Since NUPs can help to increased diversification of food production systems by adding new nutritional/beneficial species to human and animal diets, basic and applied research, as well as market and stakeholder attraction, is suggested as prerequisite to unlock the full potential of the focal endemic NUPs in the agro-alimentary sector.
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Chebli Y, El Otmani S, Chentouf M, Hornick JL, Cabaraux JF. Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Metabolizable Energy of Plant Species Browsed by Goats in Southern Mediterranean Forest Rangeland. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051441. [PMID: 34069844 PMCID: PMC8157351 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mediterranean forest rangelands constitute essential feed resources for grazing goats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations in chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy of browsed plant species by goats on forest rangelands of the Southern Mediterranean of northern Morocco. Overall, the nutritive value of the selected plant species was highest in spring and then steadily decreased through the summer and autumn. Most of the selected plant species present high levels of crude protein than the minimum required level for maintenance. This study provides a valuable and useful database to elaborate the seasonal grazing and feeding management plan for goat herds. Abstract Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Chebli
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (S.E.O.); (J.-L.H.); (J.-F.C.)
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), 78 Bd. Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Tangier 90010, Morocco;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Samira El Otmani
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (S.E.O.); (J.-L.H.); (J.-F.C.)
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), 78 Bd. Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Tangier 90010, Morocco;
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), 78 Bd. Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Tangier 90010, Morocco;
| | - Jean-Luc Hornick
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (S.E.O.); (J.-L.H.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Jean-François Cabaraux
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (S.E.O.); (J.-L.H.); (J.-F.C.)
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Hanane S, Amhaouch Z. Seasonal pattern in browsing trees and shrubs by reintroduced Cuvier's gazelles: a study in Morocco with management implications. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021; 67:53. [PMID: 33994900 PMCID: PMC8113004 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cuvier’s gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) was reintroduced in Tergou reserve (TR) in 2018–2019 to help restore its population at the Moroccan Central Plateau. A study on browsing trees and shrubs was conducted in this reserve to identify (i) the seasonal pattern of this activity and (ii) the most solicited tree and shrub species. Here, we used six random 500-m transects to collect, each month and at each transect, the number of fresh browsing traces of each encountered tree and shrub species. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and linear regression model (LM) to test seasonal variation of the composition of trees and shrubs browsed. Our results showed that, in this reserve, Olea europaea, Quercus ilex, Cistus salviifolius, and Cistus creticus are mostly browsed during winter, whereas Tetraclinis articulata and Ruta angustifolia are mainly used during spring. This information is useful to the managers of the TR not only to consider the importance of the aforementioned trees and shrubs for reintroduced gazelles but also to take the necessary measures so that the forest stand of this reserve is maintained at an appropriate level. Thus, the pursuit of monitoring is necessary to understand the bio-ecology of this semi-captive population more deeply. For this reason, the TR remains a useful and appropriate reference framework offering the opportunity for consolidating and improving the knowledge on this vulnerable mammal species in the view of a future successful release in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saâd Hanane
- Forest Research Center, Department of Water and Forests, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, BP 763, 10050 Rabat, Agdal Morocco
| | - Zouheir Amhaouch
- Parks and Natural Reserves Division, Department of Water and Forests, No 3, Rue Haroun Errachid, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
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Detection, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals/Metalloids, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Goat Carcasses Processed for Human Consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040798. [PMID: 33917819 PMCID: PMC8068235 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the increased toxic heavy metals/metalloids (THMs) accumulation in (edible) organs owed to goat′s feeding habit and anthropogenic activities, the chevon remains increasingly relished as a special delicacy in Nigeria. Specific to the South-Eastern region, however, there is paucity of relevant data regarding the prevalence of THMs in goat carcasses processed for human consumption. This work was, therefore, aimed to investigate the detection, distribution and health risk assessment of THMs in goat carcass processed for human consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. To achieve this, a total of 450 meat samples (kidney, liver and muscle) were evaluated from 150 randomly selected goat carcasses processed in two major slaughterhouses in Enugu State. The detection, distribution, as well as health risk assessment parameters followed standard procedures. Results revealed that at least one THM was detected in 56% of the carcasses. Mean concentrations of arsenic (As) were 0.53 ± 0.10 mg/kg, 0.57 ± 0.09 mg/kg and 0.45 ± 0.08 mg/kg, lead (Pb) were 0.48 ± 0.38 mg/kg, 0.45 ± 0.24 mg/kg and 0.82 ± 0.39 mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) was 0.06 ± 0.32 mg/kg, 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg, and 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg for kidney, liver and muscle tissues, respectively. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) for all THMs were above the recommended safe limits. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) computed for all As, Cd and Pb fell below unity in all the studied organs, which indicated no non-carcinogenic risks. Curtailing the anthropogenic activities that aid the THM-contamination in goat production/processing lines is recommended. Screening for THM-contamination in Nigerian slaughterhouses is imperative, so as to ascertain the toxicological safety of meats intended for human consumption.
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Sejian V, Silpa MV, Reshma Nair MR, Devaraj C, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Chauhan SS, Suganthi RU, Fonseca VFC, König S, Gaughan JB, Dunshea FR, Bhatta R. Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041021. [PMID: 33916619 PMCID: PMC8065958 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review attempted to collate and synthesize information on goat welfare and production constraints during heat stress exposure. Among the farm animals, goats arguably are considered the best-suited animals to survive in tropical climates. Heat stress was found to negatively influence growth, milk and meat production and compromised the immune response, thereby significantly reducing goats' welfare under extensive conditions and transportation. Although considered extremely adapted to tropical climates, their production can be compromised to cope with heat stress. Therefore, information on goat adaptation and production performance during heat exposure could help assess their welfare. Such information would be valuable as the farming communities are often struggling in their efforts to assess animal welfare, especially in tropical regions. Broadly three aspects must be considered to ensure appropriate welfare in goats, and these include (i) housing and environment; (ii) breeding and genetics and (iii) handling and transport. Apart from these, there are a few other negative welfare factors in goat rearing, which differ across the production system being followed. Such negative practices are predominant in extensive systems and include nutritional stress, limited supply of good quality water, climatic extremes, parasitic infestation and lameness, culminating in low production, reproduction and high mortality rates. Broadly two types of methodologies are available to assess welfare in goats in these systems: (i) animal-based measures include behavioral measurements, health and production records and disease symptoms; (ii) resources based and management-based measures include stocking density, manpower, housing conditions and health plans. Goat welfare could be assessed based on several indicators covering behavioral, physical, physiological and productive responses. The important indicators of goat welfare include agonistic behavior, vocalization, skin temperature, body condition score (BCS), hair coat conditions, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, sweating, reduced growth, reduced milk production and reduced reproductive efficiency. There are also different approaches available by which the welfare of goats could be assessed, such as naturalistic, functional and subjective approaches. Thus, assessing welfare in goats at every production stage is a prerequisite for ensuring appropriate production in this all-important species to guarantee optimum returns to the marginal and subsistence farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerasamy Sejian
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mullakkalparambil V. Silpa
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Mini R. Reshma Nair
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara 680656, India
| | - Chinnasamy Devaraj
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Govindan Krishnan
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Madiajagan Bagath
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Surinder S. Chauhan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Rajendran U. Suganthi
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Vinicius F. C. Fonseca
- Innovation Group of Biometeorology and Animal Welfare, Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, Brazil;
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany;
| | - John B. Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
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El Otmani S, Chebli Y, Hornick JL, Cabaraux JF, Chentouf M. Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of male goat kids supplemented by alternative feed resources: Olive cake and cactus cladodes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Torres-Fajardo RA, González-Pech PG, Sandoval-Castro CA, Torres-Acosta JFDJ. Small Ruminant Production Based on Rangelands to Optimize Animal Nutrition and Health: Building an Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluate Nutraceutical Plants. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1799. [PMID: 33023017 PMCID: PMC7601357 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom can influence the productivity and health of herbivores at different levels. However, demonstrating this process in a scientific manner entails substantial endeavors from different disciplines. In the present review, we will describe the features of a native vegetation system traditionally used by small ruminants and use its particularities to build an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate the nutraceutical properties of plants. Initially, we will establish the context of the low deciduous forest (LDF), considering some botanical and nutritional aspects, as well as the presence of plant secondary compounds (PSC) and gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Furthermore, we will focus on coevolutionary aspects that undoubtedly shaped the plants-nutrients-PSC-GIN-herbivore relationship. In addition, the concept of nutraceutical will be discussed to provide clarity and aspects to be considered for their evaluation. Then, ethological, agronomical, nutritional, PSC, parasitological and animal species issues are deepened placing emphasis on methodological approaches. Special focus is given to condensed tannins, as they are the fourth largest group of PSCs and the most studied in livestock sciences. Validation of the nutraceutical properties of plants from native vegetation systems should be seen as a process derived from many scientific disciplines that feed into each other in a cyclic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
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22
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Flores-Najera MJ, Vélez-Monroy LI, Sánchez-Duarte JI, Cuevas-Reyes V, Mellado M, Rosales-Nieto CA. Milk yield and composition and body weight of offsprings of mixed-breed goats on semi-arid rangelands with different rainfall. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3799-3808. [PMID: 32989628 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to characterize milk yield and composition from mixed-breed goats kidding in winter and grazing rangelands with 221 (n = 15), 334 (n = 20), or 441 (n = 12) mm of annual rainfall in northern Mexico (22-25°N). Weekly milk yield and composition were recorded and progeny growth performance assessed. Body weight loss during lactation was the highest (6.4 kg) for goats on rangeland with 441 mm of rainfall than goats on 221 mm (1.6 kg), or 334 mm (1.8 kg; P < 0.01). The highest daily milk yield was for goats on 221 mm (498 mL; P < 0.01). There was not an evident peak of lactation and milk yield increased uninterruptedly at the end of lactation. Milk fat was negatively related to milk yield and goats on rangeland with 334 mm had the greatest milk fat content (P < 0.001). Milk protein and lactose content were higher in goats on rangeland with 221 mm (P < 0.01). Goat kids on rangelands with 221 and 441 mm grew faster and were heavier (P < 0.001) at weaning than kids reared in other rangelands. Weaning weight was positively related to milk yield (P < 0.001); but not milk components (P > 0.05). In conclusion, moderate milk yield of mixed-breed goats on rangeland is feasible with parturitions in winter, and milk yield is not affected by reduced annual precipitation in rangelands of northern Mexico. Offspring growth performance depends on maternal milk yield, but not milk composition. Nevertheless, slow growth to weaning of offspring had adverse effects on time to reach adequate market weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Flores-Najera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna, 27440, Matamoros, COAH, Mexico
| | - L I Vélez-Monroy
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna, 27440, Matamoros, COAH, Mexico
| | - J I Sánchez-Duarte
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna, 27440, Matamoros, COAH, Mexico
| | - V Cuevas-Reyes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Valle de México, 56250, Texcoco, CDMX, Mexico
| | - M Mellado
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, COAH, Mexico
| | - C A Rosales-Nieto
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78321, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Carev I, Maravić A, Ilić N, Čikeš Čulić V, Politeo O, Zorić Z, Radan M. UPLC-MS/MS Phytochemical Analysis of Two Croatian Cistus Species and Their Biological Activity. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10070112. [PMID: 32674268 PMCID: PMC7399921 DOI: 10.3390/life10070112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of two Cistus species wild growing in Croatia-Cistus creticus (CC) and Cistus salviifolius (CS)-have been assessed with UPLC-MS/MS, showing 43 different phytochemicals, with flavonol glycosides: myricetin-3-hexoside and myricetin-rhamnoside, predominate ones in CC and myricetin-3-hexoside in CS. Antioxidant potential tested with the FRAP method showed no difference between CS and CC aqueous extracts, while higher phenolic content of CC comparing to CS, determined with a Folin-Cicolateu reagent correlated to its higher antioxidant capacity observed by the DPPH method. Both extracts were assessed for antimicrobial activity, using disc-diffusion and broth microdilution assays, targeting the opportunistic pathogens, associated with food poisoning, urinary, respiratory tract, blood stream and wound infections in humans. Antimicrobial assays revealed that fungi were in general more sensitive to both Cistus aqueous extracts, comparing to the bacteria where two extracts showed very similar activity. The most potent activity was observed against A. baumannii for both extracts. The extracts were tested on human lung cancer (A549) cell line using the MTT assay, showing very similar antiproliferative activity. After 72 h treatment with CC and CS aqueous extracts in concentration of 0.5 g/L, the viability of the cells were 37% and 50% respectively, compared to non-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Carev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.C.); (O.P.)
| | - Ana Maravić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.M.); (N.I.)
| | - Nada Ilić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.M.); (N.I.)
| | | | - Olivera Politeo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.C.); (O.P.)
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mila Radan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.C.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence:
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