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Hajimirzaei P, Eyni H, Razmgir M, Abolfazli S, Pirzadeh S, Ahmadi Tabatabaei FS, Vasigh A, Yazdanian N, Ramezani F, Janzadeh A, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. The analgesic effect of curcumin and nano-curcumin in clinical and preclinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03369-0. [PMID: 39186190 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a treatment challenge. Curcumin, a natural plant product found in the Curcuma genus, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin and nano-curcumin for treating chronic pain in clinical and preclinical studies. A systematic search was performed through PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane, and Google Scholar up to April 1, 2023, using relevant keywords. Trials that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. We applied the mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) in random or fixed-effects models to analyze the impact of combined trials. We also evaluated the potential risk of bias using the Higgins method for clinical studies and the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool for animal studies. Our meta-analysis included 59 studies, comprising 29 animal studies and 30 clinical studies. Curcumin strongly reduced pain in preclinical studies, and both the intraperitoneal (SMD = 1.48; 95% CI, 0.81 to 2.14; p < 0.001, and I2 = 77.9%) and oral (SMD = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.55; p < 0.001, and I2 = 0.0%) administration method of curcumin had pain-relieving effects. However, the subcutaneous method (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI, - 0.89 to 1.38; p = 0.67) had no effect. The drug's efficacy within the 100-250 mg range (SMD = 1.46; 95% CI, 0.76 to 2.15; p < 0.001; and I2 = 73.4%) surpassed that observed above 250 mg (SMD = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.57; p < 0.001; and I2 = 0.0%). In clinical studies, nano-curcumin had a powerful effect on pain reduction compared to placebo (MD = - 1.197; CI 95% (- 1.94 to - 0.45); p = 0.002; and I2 = 80.9%), and the effects of NSAIDs on pain were not significantly altered when used in combination with Curcuma longa extract (MD = - 0.23; CI 95% (- 0.99 to 0.53); p = 0.554; and I2 = 92%). In addition, the effect of increased bioavailability of curcumin (MD = - 1.54; CI 95% (- 2.06 to - 1.02); p < 0.001; and I2 = 89.6%), curcumin (MD = - 1.35; CI 95% (- 2.451 to - 0.252); p = 0.016; and I2 = 90.8%), and nano-curcumin was greater than placebo. Our meta-analysis suggests that curcumin and nano-curcumin are effective in reducing chronic pain. These findings have important implications for pharmaceutical science and may lead to the development of new treatments for chronic pain. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Hajimirzaei
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Eyni
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razmgir
- Department of Medical Library and Information, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Abolfazli
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Simin Pirzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ayda Vasigh
- International Campus of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Yazdanian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atousa Janzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gugliandolo E, Franco GA, Marino Y, Peritore AF, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Macrì F, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. Uroprotective and pain-relieving effect of dietary supplementation with micronized palmitoyl-glucosamine and hesperidin in a chronic model of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1327102. [PMID: 38249555 PMCID: PMC10797840 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline idiopathic cystitis is a common, chronic-relapsing disorder of the lower urinary tract. In addition to environmental modification/enrichment, long-term and safe treatment targeting specific pathophysiological changes may be of help. In this context, effective dietary interventions hold clinical promise. Palmitoyl-glucosamine (PGA) and hesperidin (HSP) are safe and authorized feed ingredients for animal nutrition under European regulations. Methods The current study aimed to investigate whether a 3:1 mixture of micronized PGA and HSP could represent a novel mechanism-oriented approach to chronic cystitis management. A newly validated rat model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced chronic cystitis was used (40 mg/kg, three intraperitoneal injections every 3rd day). Animals were randomized to orally receive either vehicle or PGA-HSP at a low (72 + 24 mg/kg) or high (doubled) dose for 13 days, starting 3 days before the chronic CYP protocol, with mesna (2-mercaptoethane-sulfonate) being used as a reference drug. Results Higher PGA-HSP dose was effective at relieving chronic visceral pain, as measured by mechanical allodynia test (von Frey test). The severity of cystitis was also significantly improved, as shown by the reduced sonographic thickening of the bladder wall, as well as the decrease in edema, bleeding and bladder to body weight ratio compared to the vehicle treated group. A significant decrease of MPO activity, MDA level and fibrosis at Masson's trichrome staining was also observed in animals administered PGA-HSP in comparison to vehicle treated ones. The CYP-induced increase in bladder mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also significantly counteracted by the study mixture. Moreover, CYP-induced bladder mast cell accumulation and releasability were significantly decreased by PGA-HSP (even at the low dose), as determined by metachromatic staining, chymase and tryptase immunostaining as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for histamine and 5-hydoxytriptamine. Discussion PGA-HSP is able to block CYP-induced decrease of tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and occludin, thus preserving the urothelial bladder function. Finally, neuroinflammatory changes were investigated, showing that dietary supplementation with PGA-HSP prevented the activation of neurons and non-neuronal cells (i.e., microglia, astrocytes and mast cells) at the spinal level, and counteracted CYP-induced increase of spinal mRNA encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, the present findings confirm the uroprotective and pain-relieving effect of PGA-HSP and pave the way to potential and relevant clinical applications of the study supplement in feline idiopathic cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Lopez AN, Bazer FW, Wu G. Functions and Metabolism of Amino Acids in Bones and Joints of Cats and Dogs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1446:155-175. [PMID: 38625528 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The bone is a large and complex organ (12-15% of body weight) consisting of specialized connective tissues (bone matrix and bone marrow), whereas joints are composed of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, synovial joint capsules and membranes, and a synovial joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. Maintaining healthy bones and joints is a dynamic and complex process, as bone deposition (formation of new bone materials) and resorption (breakdown of the bone matrix to release calcium and phosphorus) are the continuous processes to determine bone balance. Bones are required for locomotion, protection of internal organs, and have endocrine functions to maintain mineral homeostasis. Joints are responsible for resisting mechanical stress/trauma, aiding in locomotion, and supporting the overall musculoskeletal system. Amino acids have multiple regulatory, compositional, metabolic, and functional roles in maintaining the health of bones and joints. Their disorders are prevalent in mammals and significantly reduce the quality of life. These abnormalities in companion animals, specifically cats and dogs, commonly lead to elective euthanasia due to the poor quality of life. Multiple disorders of bones and joints result from genetic predisposition and are heritable, but other factors such as nutrition, growth rate, trauma, and physical activity affect how the disorder manifests. Treatments for cats and dogs are primarily to slow the progression of these disorders and assist in pain management. Therapeutic supplements such as Cosequin and formulated diets rich in amino acids are used commonly as treatments for companion animals to reduce pain and slow the progression of those diseases. Also, amino acids (e.g., taurine, arginine, glycine, proline, and 4-hydroxyproline), and glucosamine reduce inflammation and pain in animals with bone and joint disorders. Gaining insight into how amino acids function in maintaining bone and joint health can aid in developing preventative diets and therapeutic supplementations of amino acids to improve the quality of life in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna N Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W. Turmeric and Curcumin-Health-Promoting Properties in Humans versus Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14561. [PMID: 37834009 PMCID: PMC10572432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing popularity of the use of nutraceuticals in the prevention and alleviation of symptoms of many diseases in humans and dogs means that they are increasingly the subject of research. A representative of the nutraceutical that deserves special attention is turmeric. Turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is grown extensively in Asia. It is a plant used as a spice and food coloring, and it is also used in traditional medicine. The biologically active factors that give turmeric its unusual properties and color are curcuminoids. It is a group of substances that includes curcumin, de-methoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxycurcumin. Curcumin is used as a yellow-orange food coloring. The most important pro-health effects observed after taking curcuminoids include anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to characterize turmeric and its main substance, curcumin, in terms of their properties, advantages, and disadvantages, based on literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
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Li Q, Xu JY, Hu X, Li J, Huang XJ, Wu ZY, Wang DG, Ge YB. The protective effects and mechanism of Ruyi Zhenbao Pill, a Tibetan medicinal compound, in a rat model of osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116255. [PMID: 36809823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ruyi Zhenbao Pill (RZP) is a prescribed Tibetan formulation for the treatment of white-pulse-disease, yellow-water-disease as well as pain-related disease. RZP is composed of 30 medicinal materials including herbal medicine, animal medicine and mineral medicine. They are widely used in the Tibetan area to treat cerebrovascular disease, hemiplegia, rheumatism, and pain diseases for centuries. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritis function of RZP and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active components in RZP were identified using HPLC methods. Osteoarthritis (OA) animal model was established via intra-articular injection of papain in rat knees. After the administration of RZP (0.45, 0.9 g/kg) for 28 days, the clinical observation was conducted, and pathological changes as well as serum biochemical indexes were detected. Moreover, therapeutic targets and pathways of RZP were discussed. RESULTS The results showed that RZP could suppress knee joint swelling and arthralgia, thus relieving joint pain and inflammation in OA rats. Microcomputed tomography (μCT)-based physiological imaging and staining pictures confirmed the therapeutic effects of RZP on OA symptoms including knee joint swelling and structural changes with progressive inflammation in OA rats. RZP could promote the synthesis or inhibit the degradation of COLⅡ, attenuate OA-induced OPN up-regulation and thus relieve the OA symptom. Furthermore, RZP (0.45-0.9 g/kg) could all ameliorate the imbalance of biomarkers related to OA such as MMP1, TNF-α, COX2, IL-1β and iNOS in knee joints or serum. CONCLUSION In conclusion, RZP could effectively relieve inflammatory reaction induced by OA injury and the formulation could be applied to the treatment of OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qien Li
- Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, PR China
| | - Jing-Yi Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, PR China; Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhou-Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Da-Gui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yue-Bin Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, PR China
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della Rocca G, Schievano C, Di Salvo A, Conti MB, della Valle MF. Palmitoyl-glucosamine co-micronized with curcumin for maintenance of meloxicam-induced pain relief in dogs with osteoarthritis pain. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:37. [PMID: 36747264 PMCID: PMC9903516 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) pain is the number one cause of chronic pain in dogs. Multimodal treatment, including combining safe and effective nutritional interventions with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is currently considered one of the most appropriate choices for managing OA pain. Palmitoyl-glucosamine is a feed material belonging to the ALIAmide family, whose parent molecule is the prohomeostatic lipid amide N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine. Curcumin is a promising plant antioxidant. The present study aimed at investigating whether 18-week dietary integration with palmitoyl-glucosamine co-micronized with curcumin was able to maintain pain relief in dogs with OA-associated chronic pain receiving meloxicam (1.5 mg/ml oral suspension) on a tapering regimen (progressive 25% decrease of the original 0.1 mg/kg/day dose, on a biweekly basis) during the first 8 weeks of treatment. Pain was assessed both by the owners and veterinary surgeons, with the first using both subjective evaluation and validated metrology instruments-i.e., Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI) and Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI)-while the second rating the severity of lameness and pain on palpation on two previously used 5-point scales. RESULTS A total of fifty-eight dogs with OA chronic pain entered the uncontrolled study. Pain on HCPI was considered severe at baseline (range 18-39). Based on owner's assessment, 90% of dogs who responded to meloxicam at the full-dose regimen could reduce meloxicam up to 25% of the original dose without experiencing pain worsening. Moreover, 75% of dogs was assessed as having no pain increase ten weeks after meloxicam withdrawal. A statistically significant decrease of pain severity as scored by HCPI (P < 0.0001) was observed two and ten weeks after meloxicam withdrawal compared to study entry (17.0 ± 1.05 and 15.1 ± 1.02, respectively, vs 29.0 ± 0.74; mean ± SEM). After meloxicam withdrawal, no statistically significant change in the CBPI scores was recorded. Pain on palpation and lameness significantly changed to less severe distributions along the study period (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The findings appear to suggest that dietary integration with palmitoyl-glucosamine co-micronized with curcumin was able to maintain meloxicam-induced pain relief in dogs with severe OA chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia della Rocca
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Di Ricerca Sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Innovative Statistical Research SRL, Prato Della Valle 24, 35123 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Salvo
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Di Ricerca Sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Conti
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Di Ricerca Sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Federica della Valle
- CeDIS (Centro di Documentazione e Informazione Scientifica), Innovet Italia SRL, Via Leonardo da Vinci 3, 35030 Saccolongo, Italy
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della Rocca G, Re G. Palmitoylethanolamide and Related ALIAmides for Small Animal Health: State of the Art. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091186. [PMID: 36139024 PMCID: PMC9496254 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ALIAmides are a family of fatty acid amides whose name comes from their mechanism of action, i.e., the Autacoid Local Injury Antagonism (ALIA). Actually, the ALIAmide parent molecule, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), is locally produced on demand from a cell membrane precursor in order to control immune-inflammatory cell responses, avert chronic non-resolving inflammation, and limit the resulting clinical signs. ALIAmide sister compounds, such as Adelmidrol and palmitoylglucosamine, share mechanisms of action with PEA and may also increase endogenous levels of PEA. Provided that their respective bioavailability is properly addressed (e.g., through decreasing the particle size through micronization), exogenously administered ALIAmides thus mimic or sustain the prohomeostatic functions of endogenous PEA. The aim of the present paper is to review the main findings on the use of ALIAmides in small animals as a tribute to the man of vision who first believed in this “according-to-nature” approach, namely Francesco della Valle. After briefly presenting some key issues on the molecular targets, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of PEA and related ALIAmides, here we will focus on the preclinical and clinical studies performed in dogs and cats. Although more data are still needed, ALIAmides may represent a novel and promising approach to small animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Re
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Orthopedic Veterinary Medicine. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:925-938. [PMID: 35562224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of complementary and alternative veterinary medicine (CAVM) continues to become more widespread, especially for the management of chronic pain conditions such as canine osteoarthritis. Many patients have comorbidities that preclude traditional medical options, have not adequately responded to conventional therapies, or have owners interested in pursuing a complementary approach. Evidence-based CAVM can serve as a safe and effective adjunct to manage chronic pain conditions. There is growing evidence in the veterinary literature for the use of acupuncture and some herbal supplements in the multimodal management of canine osteoarthritis. The majority of evidence supporting chiropractic is limited to equine and human literature.
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Toxic Effects of Endocrine Disruptor Exposure on Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040564. [PMID: 35454153 PMCID: PMC9025575 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are chemical substances capable of affecting endocrine system functioning and interfering with organ morphogenesis and physiological functions. The development and regeneration of bone tissues have a complex hormonal regulation, and therefore, bone tissue cells can be considered potential targets for endocrine disruptors. In that regard, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of ED exposure on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in an experimental model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Arthritis was induced by an emulsion of type II collagen (CII) and complete Freund’s adjuvant, which was administered intradermally on days 0 and 21. Mice from day 21 to day 35 received the following EDs by oral gavage: cypermethrin (CP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), vinclozolin (VCZ), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and atrazine (ATR). ED exposure caused worsening of clinical signs (erythema and edema in the hind paws), histological and radiographic changes, as well as behavioral deficits, induced by CII injections. Furthermore, ED exposure significantly increased the degree of inflammation and oxidative damage induced by arthritis; this upregulation was more evident after exposure to ATR than to other EDs. The results from our study suggest that exposure to EDs may play a deleterious role in the progression of RA; therefore, exposure to EDs should be limited.
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Stępień KA, Giebułtowicz J. Application of Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Quality Assessment of Dietary Supplements-A Case Study of Tryptophan Supplements: Release Assay, Targeted and Untargeted Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:448. [PMID: 35455446 PMCID: PMC9031539 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are widely consumed in the EU and the USA. Based on their similarity to pharmaceuticals, consumers mistakenly believe that dietary supplements have also been approved for safety and efficacy. However, in the absence of mandatory testing, data on supplement quality is scarce. Thus, we applied liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to analyse the quality of dietary supplements containing tryptophan (Trp). We examined 22 supplements in tablets or capsules, produced in the USA, Great Britain, Germany, France, Czech Republic, and Poland. Trp release, crucial for bioavailability and efficiency, was assessed. Additionally, we performed a qualitative analysis of the main ingredient and screened for contaminants. Among the contaminants, we detected Trp's metabolites, condensation products of Trp and carbonyl compounds, Trp degradation products, degradation products of kynurenine, and other contaminants such as glucosamine and melatonin. The main ingredient content was in the range of 55-100% in capsules and 69-87% in tablets. Surprisingly, almost no Trp release was noted from some supplements. Our study confirms the need to advance research on supplements. We believe that the high-quality analysis of supplements based on reliable analytical techniques will be an important contribution to the discussion on the regulatory framework of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Cardeccia ML, Elam LH, Deabold KA, Miscioscia EL, Huntingford JL. A pilot study examining a proprietary herbal blend for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2022; 63:55-62. [PMID: 34975168 PMCID: PMC8682926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in dogs. Despite the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), many owners seek natural therapies; either to augment the response to NSAIDs, or as a replacement. Substantial research has been directed to investigation of novel therapies. A randomized, double-blinded, controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a herbal remedy for treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. Client-owned dogs (N = 24) with osteoarthritis were enrolled between 2 veterinary hospitals. Each dog underwent veterinary and owner assessment at 0, 4, and 8 weeks, using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory and Hudson activity scale. Blood was collected for a complete blood (cell) count (CBC) and serum chemistry analysis. The product was deemed to be safe and well-tolerated at the manufacturer recommended dosage, with no significant changes seen in the CBC or serum biochemical analyses. Aside from1 dog that developed gastrointestinal upset, all other dogs tolerated the supplement without complication. The supplement did not statistically improve clinical signs in dogs based on veterinary or owner assessments of lameness. There was a treatment/time effect when assessing veterinary pain scores; however, post-hoc analysis suggests no observable benefit of treatment compared with the placebo group at any time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Cardeccia
- Animal Rehabilitation Facility, 8040 4th Street, Dexter, Michigan 48130, USA (Cardeccia); Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 W Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Elam); University of Florida, Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA (Deabold, Miscioscia); Essex Animal Hospital, 355 Talbot Street N, Essex, Ontario N8M 2W3, Canada (Huntingford)
| | - Lindsay H Elam
- Animal Rehabilitation Facility, 8040 4th Street, Dexter, Michigan 48130, USA (Cardeccia); Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 W Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Elam); University of Florida, Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA (Deabold, Miscioscia); Essex Animal Hospital, 355 Talbot Street N, Essex, Ontario N8M 2W3, Canada (Huntingford)
| | - Kelly A Deabold
- Animal Rehabilitation Facility, 8040 4th Street, Dexter, Michigan 48130, USA (Cardeccia); Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 W Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Elam); University of Florida, Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA (Deabold, Miscioscia); Essex Animal Hospital, 355 Talbot Street N, Essex, Ontario N8M 2W3, Canada (Huntingford)
| | - Erin L Miscioscia
- Animal Rehabilitation Facility, 8040 4th Street, Dexter, Michigan 48130, USA (Cardeccia); Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 W Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Elam); University of Florida, Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA (Deabold, Miscioscia); Essex Animal Hospital, 355 Talbot Street N, Essex, Ontario N8M 2W3, Canada (Huntingford)
| | - Janice L Huntingford
- Animal Rehabilitation Facility, 8040 4th Street, Dexter, Michigan 48130, USA (Cardeccia); Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 300 W Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Elam); University of Florida, Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA (Deabold, Miscioscia); Essex Animal Hospital, 355 Talbot Street N, Essex, Ontario N8M 2W3, Canada (Huntingford)
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12
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Jhun J, Na HS, Cho KH, Kim J, Moon YM, Lee SY, Lee JS, Lee AR, Kim SJ, Cho ML, Park SH. A green-lipped mussel reduces pain behavior and chondrocyte inflammation and attenuated experimental osteoarthritis progression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259130. [PMID: 34855756 PMCID: PMC8638931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The green-lipped mussel (GLM) contains novel omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and joint-protecting properties. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive loss of cartilage; oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of OA. The objectives of this study were to investigate the in vivo effects of the GLM on pain severity and cartilage degeneration using an experimental rat OA model, and to explore the mode of action of GLM. OA was induced in rats by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the knee. Oral GLM was initiated on the day after 3dyas of MIA injection. Limb nociception was assessed by measuring the paw withdrawal latency and threshold. Samples were analyzed both macroscopically and histologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, nitrotyrosine, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in knee joints. Also, the GLM was applied to OA chondrocyte, and the expression on catabolic marker and necroptosis factor were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Administration of the GLM improved pain levels by preventing cartilage damage and inflammation. GLM significantly attenuated the expression levels of mRNAs encoding matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-13, and ADAMTS5 in IL-1β-stimulated human OA chondrocytes. GLM decreased the expression levels of the necroptosis mediators RIPK1, RIPK3, and the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in IL-1β-stimulated human OA chondrocytes. Thus, GLM reduced pain and cartilage degeneration in rats with experimentally induced OA. The chondroprotective properties of GLM included suppression of oxidative damage and inhibition of catabolic factors implicated in the pathogenesis of OA cartilage damage. We suggest that GLM may usefully treat human OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- JooYeon Jhun
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Na
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hyung Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Mee Moon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A. Ram Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (M-LC); (S-HP)
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (M-LC); (S-HP)
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13
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Peritore AF, D’Amico R, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Fusco R, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Impellizzeri D. Management of Acute Lung Injury: Palmitoylethanolamide as a New Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115533. [PMID: 34073872 PMCID: PMC8197255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common and devastating clinical disorders with high mortality and no specific therapy. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is usually used intratracheally to induce ALI in mice. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an ultramicronized preparation of palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) in mice subjected to LPS-induced ALI. Histopathological analysis reveals that um-PEA reduced alteration in lung after LPS intratracheal administration. Besides, um-PEA decreased wet/dry weight ratio and myeloperoxidase, a marker of neutrophils infiltration, macrophages and total immune cells number and mast cells degranulation in lung. Moreover, um-PEA could also decrease cytokines release of interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-18. Furthermore, um-PEA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation in ALI, and at the same time decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK) expression, that was increased after LPS administration. Our study suggested that um-PEA contrasted LPS-induced ALI, exerting its potential role as an adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapeutic for treating lung injury, maybe also by p38/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.F.P.); (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.F.P.); (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.F.P.); (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.F.P.); (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.F.P.); (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.F.P.); (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (R.D.P.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-90-6765208 (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.F.P.); (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (D.I.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (R.D.P.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-90-6765208 (S.C.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.F.P.); (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (D.I.)
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Antiosteoarthritic Effect of Morroniside in Chondrocyte Inflammation and Destabilization of Medial Meniscus-Induced Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062987. [PMID: 33804203 PMCID: PMC7999654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease that results in joint inflammation as well as pain and stiffness. A previous study has reported that Cornus officinalis (CO) extract inhibits oxidant activities and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells. In the present study, we isolated bioactive compound(s) by fractionating the CO extract to elucidate its antiosteoarthritic effects. A single bioactive component, morroniside, was identified as a potential candidate. The CO extract and morroniside exhibited antiosteoarthritic effects by downregulating factors associated with cartilage degradation, including cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (Mmp-3), and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (Mmp-13), in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-induced chondrocytes. Furthermore, morroniside prevented prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and collagenase secretion in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. In the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced mouse osteoarthritic model, morroniside administration attenuated cartilage destruction by decreasing expression of inflammatory mediators, such as Cox-2, Mmp3, and Mmp13, in the articular cartilage. Transverse microcomputed tomography analysis revealed that morroniside reduced DMM-induced sclerosis in the subchondral bone plate. These findings suggest that morroniside may be a potential protective bioactive compound against OA pathogenesis.
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Therapeutic Single Compounds for Osteoarthritis Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020131. [PMID: 33562161 PMCID: PMC7914480 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative disease for which an effective disease-modifying therapy is not available. Natural compounds derived from plants have been traditionally used in the clinic to treat OA. Over the years, many studies have explored the treatment of OA using natural extracts. Although various active natural extracts with broad application prospects have been discovered, single compounds are more important for clinical trials than total natural extracts. Moreover, although natural extracts exhibit minimal safety issues, the cytotoxicity and function of all single compounds in a total extract remain unclear. Therefore, understanding single compounds with the ability to inhibit catabolic factor expression is essential for developing therapeutic agents for OA. This review describes effective single compounds recently obtained from natural extracts and the possibility of developing therapeutic agents against OA using these compounds.
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