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David LS, Nalle CL, Abdollahi MR, Ravindran V. Feeding Value of Lupins, Field Peas, Faba Beans and Chickpeas for Poultry: An Overview. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:619. [PMID: 38396587 PMCID: PMC10886283 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Grain legumes are fair sources of protein, amino acids and energy, and can be used as a replacement for soybean meal in poultry feed formulations as the soybean meal becomes short in supply and costly. However, a concern associated with the use of grain legumes in poultry feeding is the presence of antinutritional factors. The effective processing and utilisation of these grain legumes in poultry feeding are well documented. The current review focuses on four selected grain legumes (lupins [Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius], field peas [Phaseolus vulgaris], faba beans [Vicia faba] and chickpeas [Cicer arietinum]) and their nutrient content, the presence of antinutritional factors, processing methods and feeding value, including updated data based on recent research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. David
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Catootjie L. Nalle
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Animal Husbandry Department, Polytechnic of Agriculture Kupang, Prof. Herman Yohannes St., Lasiana, Kupang 85228, NTT, Indonesia
| | - M. Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
- A2Z Poultry Feed DynamikZ, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
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Moreau T, Recoules E, De Pauw M, Labas V, Réhault-Godbert S. Evidence that the Bowman-Birk inhibitor from Pisum sativum affects intestinal proteolytic activities in chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103182. [PMID: 37931399 PMCID: PMC10654233 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken diet essentially relies on soybean as the major source of proteins but there are increasing efforts to identify other protein-rich feedstuffs. Of these, some pea cultivars constitute interesting sources of proteins, although some of them contain antinutritional factors that may compromise the digestibility of their protein content. Consequently, chickens exhibit low performance, while undigested compounds rejected in feces have a negative environmental impact. In this article, we analyzed the intestinal content of chickens fed a pea diet (Pisum sativum) to decipher the mechanisms that could explain such a low digestibility. Using gelatin zymography, we observed that the contents of chicken fed the pea diet exhibit altered proteolytic activities compared with intestinal contents from chickens fed a rapeseed, corn, or soybean diet. This pea-specific profile parallels the presence of a 34 kDa protein band that resists proteolysis during the digestion process. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrated that this band contains the pea-derived Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) and 3 chicken proteases, the well-known chymotrypsinogen 2-like (CTRB2) and trypsin II-P39 (PRSS2), and the yet uncharacterized trypsin I-P38 (PRSS3). All 3 proteases are assumed to be protease targets of BBI. Molecular modeling of the interaction of pea BBI with PRSS2 and PRSS3 trypsins reveals that electrostatic features of PRSS3 may favor the formation of a BBI-PRSS3 complex at physiological pH. We hypothesize that PRSS3 is specifically expressed and secreted in the intestinal lumen to form a complex with BBI, thereby limiting its inhibitory effects on PRSS2 and chymotrypsinogen 2-like proteases. These data clearly demonstrate that in chickens, feedstuff containing active pea BBI affects intestinal proteolytic activities. Further studies on the effects of BBI on the expression of PRSS3 by digestive segments will be useful to better appreciate the impact of pea on intestine physiology and function. From these results, we suggest that PRSS3 protease may represent an interesting biomarker of digestive disorders in chickens, similar to human PRSS3 that has been associated with gut pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valérie Labas
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, University of Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; INRAE, CHU of Tours, University of Tours, PIXANIM, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Olías R, Rayner T, Clemente A, Domoney C. Combination of three null mutations affecting seed protein accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum L.) impacts positively on digestibility. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112825. [PMID: 37254400 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of so-called anti-nutritional factors can reduce the bioavailability of nutrients following consumption of seeds which are otherwise an excellent source of proteins, carbohydrates and micronutrients. Among the proteins associated with negative effects on quality in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds are lectin, pea albumin 2 (PA2) and trypsin inhibitors (TI). Here we have investigated the impact of these proteins on protein digestibility and amino acid availability, using naturally occurring and derived mutant lines of pea lacking these proteins. The mutations were stacked to generate a triple mutant which was compared with a wild-type progenitor and a line lacking the major seed trypsin inhibitors alone. In vitro digestions following the INFOGEST protocol revealed significant differences in the degree of hydrolysis, protein profile and apparent amino acid availability among the pea variants. Proteins resistant to digestion were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and amino acid profiles of digested samples determined. The results indicate that pea seeds lacking certain proteins can be used in the development of novel foods which have improved protein digestibility, and without negative impact on seed protein concentration or yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Olías
- Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Tracey Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alfonso Clemente
- Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
| | - Claire Domoney
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Perz K, Kaczmarek SA, Nowaczewski S, Cowieson AJ, Hejdysz M. The Effect of Exogenous Amylase Supplementation on the Nutritional Value of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) for Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050816. [PMID: 36899673 PMCID: PMC10000111 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the exogenous addition of amylase enhances the nutritional value of pea seeds for broiler chickens. In total, 84 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used for the experimental study. During the first phase of the experiment (1-16 d), all birds in each treatment were fed with a corn-soybean meal reference diet. After this time, the first treatment (control) was still fed the reference diet. In the second and third treatment, 50% of the reference diet was replaced with 50% pea seeds. In addition, the third treatment was supplemented with exogenous amylase. Animal excreta were collected on 21 d and 22 d of the experiment. The birds were sacrificed at the end of the experiment (23 d), and samples of ileum content were collected. The experimental results showed that the exogenous addition of amylase significantly improved (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the crude protein (CP), starch, and dry matter (DM) of pea. In addition, an improvement in the AID of essential amino acids in pea seeds (except Phe) was observed. The trend in the AMEN values was also noted (p = 0.076). It can be concluded that supplementation with exogenous amylase improves the nutritional value of pea seeds in broiler chicken nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Perz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Słoneczna 1, 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Sebastian Nowaczewski
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Słoneczna 1, 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Hejdysz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Słoneczna 1, 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (M.H.)
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An SH, Kong C. Influence of age and type of feed ingredients on apparent and
standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:740-751. [PMID: 35969711 PMCID: PMC9353356 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun An
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
| | - Changsu Kong
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook
National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
- Corresponding author: Changsu Kong,
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University,
Sangju 37224, Korea. Tel: +82-54-530-1225, E-mail:
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Effects of broiler chicken age and dietary protease on the standardised ileal digestibility of amino acids in seeds from two lupin species. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The extent to which lupin seeds can replace soybean meal in diets for broiler chickens is limited, and one of the reasons for this may be a lack of careful consideration given to the age-related amino acid availability differences in the feed formulation process. This study aimed to determine and compare standardised ileal digestibility (SID) coefficients of amino acids (AA) in raw seeds of the Lupinus luteus (YL) and the Lupinus angustifolius (NLL) cultivars as sole sources of AA in the diet of broiler chickens aged 14 or 28 days. An additional purpose was to check the influence of exogenous mono-component protease added to lupin-based assay diets on AA SID in birds at both ages. Each assay diet was offered to six replicatecages. On both sampling days, the contents from the lower half of the ileum were collected for determination of the apparent digestibility values. The SID coefficients were calculated using the age-appropriate basal ileal endogenous AA losses determined from birds fed a N-free diet. Results indicated a substantial advantage of YL over the NLL in SID of Met, Cys, His, Leu, Gly, Asp, Glu, Pro, Tyr and the average of total AA for 14-d-old chickens. With the exception of Cys and Tyr, there was no significant difference between these Lupinus species in the SID of AA in 28-d-old birds. The significant age-related differences within species were found only for the seeds of NLL, where the higher SID for Met, His, Ala, Pro, and the averages of total and indispensable AA were noted in birds aged 28 d. The protease increased SID of most AA from L. luteus in older broilers, whereas for L. angustifolius its efficacy was more pronounced in younger birds, giving the SID values similar to those determined at 28 d on an enzyme-unsupplemented diet. In conclusion, the SID coefficients of indispensable AA determined at 14 or 28 days of age for yellow lupin should not be applied to the precise formulation of starter-type feeds containing seeds of NLL.
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