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Collin SP, Yopak KE, Crowe-Riddell JM, Camilieri-Asch V, Kerr CC, Robins H, Ha MH, Ceddia A, Dutka TL, Chapuis L. Bioimaging of sense organs and the central nervous system in extant fishes and reptiles in situ: A review. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 39223842 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bioimaging is changing the field of sensory biology, especially for taxa that are lesser-known, rare, and logistically difficult to source. When integrated with traditional neurobiological approaches, developing an archival, digital repository of morphological images can offer the opportunity to improve our understanding of whole neural systems without the issues of surgical intervention and negate the risk of damage and artefactual interpretation. This review focuses on current approaches to bioimaging the peripheral (sense organs) and central (brain) nervous systems in extant fishes (cartilaginous and bony) and non-avian reptiles in situ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro-computed tomography (μCT), both super-resolution track density imaging and diffusion tensor-based imaging, and a range of other new technological advances are presented, together with novel approaches in optimizing both contrast and resolution, for developing detailed neuroanatomical atlases and enhancing comparative analyses of museum specimens. For MRI, tissue preparation, including choice of fixative, impacts tissue MR responses, where both resolving power and signal-to-noise ratio improve as field strength increases. Time in fixative, concentration of contrast agent, and duration of immersion in the contrast agent can also significantly affect relaxation times, and thus image quality. For μCT, the use of contrast-enhancing stains (iodine-, non-iodine-, or nanoparticle-based) is critical, where the type of fixative used, and the concentration of stain and duration of staining time often require species-specific optimization. Advanced reconstruction algorithms to reduce noise and artifacts and post-processing techniques, such as deconvolution and filtering, are now being used to improve image quality and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P Collin
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kara E Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenna M Crowe-Riddell
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Victoria Camilieri-Asch
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caroline C Kerr
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hope Robins
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myoung Hoon Ha
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annalise Ceddia
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Travis L Dutka
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucille Chapuis
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
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Jiménez S, Santos-Álvarez I, Fernández-Valle E, Castejón D, Villa-Valverde P, Rojo-Salvador C, Pérez-Llorens P, Ruiz-Fernández MJ, Ariza-Pastrana S, Martín-Orti R, González-Soriano J, Moreno N. Comparative MRI analysis of the forebrain of three sauropsida models. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1349-1364. [PMID: 38546870 PMCID: PMC11176103 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The study of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to obtain detailed anatomical images, useful to describe specific encephalic structures and to analyze possible variabilities. It is widely used in clinical practice and is becoming increasingly used in veterinary medicine, even in exotic animals; however, despite its potential, its use in comparative neuroanatomy studies is still incipient. It is a technology that in recent years has significantly improved anatomical resolution, together with the fact that it is non-invasive and allows for systematic comparative analysis. All this makes it particularly interesting and useful in evolutionary neuroscience studies, since it allows for the analysis and comparison of brains of rare or otherwise inaccessible species. In the present study, we have analyzed the prosencephalon of three representative sauropsid species, the turtle Trachemys scripta (order Testudine), the lizard Pogona vitticeps (order Squamata) and the snake Python regius (order Squamata) by MRI. In addition, we used MRI sections to analyze the total brain volume and ventricular system of these species, employing volumetric and chemometric analyses together. The raw MRI data of the sauropsida models analyzed in the present study are available for viewing and downloading and have allowed us to produce an atlas of the forebrain of each of the species analyzed, with the main brain regions. In addition, our volumetric data showed that the three groups presented clear differences in terms of total and ventricular brain volumes, particularly the turtles, which in all cases presented distinctive characteristics compared to the lizards and snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiménez
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, 48940, Spain
| | - I Santos-Álvarez
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - E Fernández-Valle
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Complutense University, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - D Castejón
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Complutense University, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - P Villa-Valverde
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Complutense University, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - C Rojo-Salvador
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Llorens
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz-Fernández
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - S Ariza-Pastrana
- Palmitos Park Canarias, Barranco de los Palmitos, s/n, Maspalomas, Las Palmas, 35109, Spain
| | - R Martín-Orti
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juncal González-Soriano
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, Avenida José Antonio Nováis 12, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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Vieu S, Le Poul N, Tur L, Aupée C, Kerbrat-Copy R, Bouhsina N, Cojean O, Fusellier M. Ultrasound description of the coelomic cavity of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in a clinically healthy population: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11787. [PMID: 38782987 PMCID: PMC11116527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) are extensively studied for their relevance in human medical research. Despite being critically endangered in the wild, they have gained popularity as household pets. Although they have been kept in captivity for over a century, detailed descriptions of their coelomic organ anatomy remain limited. Also, this species exhibits significant variations compared to other amphibians. Ultrasound is a non-invasive and painless medical imaging technique, ideally suited for investigating internal organs or structures. This study focused on describing the ultrasound appearance of the axolotl coelomic cavity. It details the identification, localization and parenchymal description of major organs in 28 neotenic axolotls using ultrasound frequencies ranging from 7 to 15 MHz. The accuracy of the results was validated by comparing ultrasound findings with necropsy results from one male and one female axolotl. The heart, lung surface, liver and reproductive tracts were visualized. Measurements, along with confidence intervals, were calculated for the spleen, kidneys, testicles, gastric wall, gallbladder, and pylorus. Occasional detection of hyperechoic millimetric particles in the gallbladder or ascites was noted. However, visualization of the pancreas and bladder was not possible. This research outcomes involve the development of a comprehensive atlas comprising images obtained throughout the study. Additionally, the experiment established a reproducible and readily accessible protocol for conducting anatomy-morphological assessments in axolotl medicine. This protocol stands as a crucial preliminary stage before advancing to lesion identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Vieu
- Oniris, CHUV, Service des Nouveaux Animaux de Compagnie, 44300, Nantes, France.
- BIOEPAR, Oniris, INRAE, 44300, Nantes, France.
| | - Ninon Le Poul
- Oniris, CHUV, Service des Nouveaux Animaux de Compagnie, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Léa Tur
- Oniris, CHUV, Service Transversal d'Imagerie Médicale, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Aupée
- Oniris, CHUV, Service Transversal d'Imagerie Médicale, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Réjane Kerbrat-Copy
- Oniris, CHUV, Service Transversal d'Imagerie Médicale, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Nora Bouhsina
- Oniris, CHUV, Service Transversal d'Imagerie Médicale, 44300, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, Nantes Université, Oniris, 44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marion Fusellier
- Oniris, CHUV, Service Transversal d'Imagerie Médicale, 44300, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, Nantes Université, Oniris, 44000, Nantes, France
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Lombardero M, Yllera MDM. Advances in Animal Anatomy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061110. [PMID: 36978650 PMCID: PMC10044417 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue was the result of reviewing Leonardo da Vinci's anatomical drawings of the bear foot and the horse trunk (among others) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Lombardero
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Yllera
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Chen LD, Santos-Rivera M, Burger IJ, Kouba AJ, Barber DM, Vance CK. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a Method for Biological Sex Discrimination in the Endangered Houston Toad ( Anaxyrus houstonensis). Methods Protoc 2021; 5:4. [PMID: 35076558 PMCID: PMC8788558 DOI: 10.3390/mps5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological sex is one of the more critically important physiological parameters needed for managing threatened animal species because it is crucial for informing several of the management decisions surrounding conservation breeding programs. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technology that has been recently applied in the field of wildlife science to evaluate various aspects of animal physiology and may have potential as an in vivo technique for determining biological sex in live amphibian species. This study investigated whether NIRS could be used as a rapid and non-invasive method for discriminating biological sex in the endangered Houston toad (Anaxyrus houstonensis). NIR spectra (N = 396) were collected from live A. houstonensis individuals (N = 132), and distinct spectral patterns between males and females were identified using chemometrics. Linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) classified the spectra from each biological sex with accuracy ≥ 98% in the calibration and internal validation datasets and 94% in the external validation process. Through the use of NIRS, we have determined that unique spectral signatures can be holistically captured in the skin of male and female anurans, bringing to light the possibility of further application of this technique for juveniles and sexually monomorphic species, whose sex designation is important for breeding-related decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Dunn Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (L.-D.C.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Mariana Santos-Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (L.-D.C.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Isabella J. Burger
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (I.J.B.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Andrew J. Kouba
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (I.J.B.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Diane M. Barber
- Department of Ectotherms, Fort Worth Zoo, Fort Worth, TX 76110, USA;
| | - Carrie K. Vance
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (L.-D.C.); (M.S.-R.)
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