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Stanton EJ, Tønning P, Ulsig EZ, Calmar S, Stanton MA, Thomsen ST, Gravesen KB, Johansen P, Volet N. Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in the far-UVC pumped by a blue laser diode. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3238. [PMID: 38331948 PMCID: PMC10853522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Far-UVC light in the wavelength range of 200-230 nm has attracted renewed interest because of its safety for human exposure and effectiveness in inactivating pathogens. Here we present a compact solid-state far-UVC laser source based on second-harmonic generation (SHG) using a low-cost commercially-available blue laser diode pump. Leveraging the high intensity of light in a nanophotonic waveguide and heterogeneous integration, our approach achieves Cherenkov phase-matching across a bonded interface consisting of a silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide and a beta barium borate (BBO) nonlinear crystal. Through systematic investigations of waveguide dimensions and pump power, we analyze the dependencies of Cherenkov emission angle, conversion efficiency, and output power. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of generating far-UVC, paving the way for mass production in a compact form factor. This solid-state far-UVC laser source shows significant potential for applications in human-safe disinfection, non-line-of-sight free-space communication, and deep-UV Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Stanton
- EMode Photonix, Boulder, CO, USA.
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | | | - Emil Z Ulsig
- UVL A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Simon T Thomsen
- UVL A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin B Gravesen
- UVL A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Nicolas Volet
- UVL A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Taveira N. Antivirals and Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10315. [PMID: 37373462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New antivirals are urgently needed to treat respiratory diseases caused by RNA viruses [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Taveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Assavacheep P, Thanawongnuwech R. Porcine respiratory disease complex: Dynamics of polymicrobial infections and management strategies after the introduction of the African swine fever. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1048861. [PMID: 36504860 PMCID: PMC9732666 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1048861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A few decades ago, porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) exerted a major economic impact on the global swine industry, particularly due to the adoption of intensive farming by the latter during the 1980's. Since then, the emerging of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) as major immunosuppressive viruses led to an interaction with other endemic pathogens (e.g., Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, etc.) in swine farms, thereby exacerbating the endemic clinical diseases. We herein, review and discuss various dynamic polymicrobial infections among selected swine pathogens. Traditional biosecurity management strategies through multisite production, parity segregation, batch production, the adoption of all-in all-out production systems, specific vaccination and medication protocols for the prevention and control (or even eradication) of swine diseases are also recommended. After the introduction of the African swine fever (ASF), particularly in Asian countries, new normal management strategies minimizing pig contact by employing automatic feeding systems, artificial intelligence, and robotic farming and reducing the numbers of vaccines are suggested. Re-emergence of existing swine pathogens such as PRRSV or PCV2, or elimination of some pathogens may occur after the ASF-induced depopulation. ASF-associated repopulating strategies are, therefore, essential for the establishment of food security. The "repopulate swine farm" policy and the strict biosecurity management (without the use of ASF vaccines) are, herein, discussed for the sustainable management of small-to-medium pig farms, as these happen to be the most potential sources of an ASF re-occurrence. Finally, the ASF disruption has caused the swine industry to rapidly transform itself. Artificial intelligence and smart farming have gained tremendous attention as promising tools capable of resolving challenges in intensive swine farming and enhancing the farms' productivity and efficiency without compromising the strict biosecurity required during the ongoing ASF era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornchalit Assavacheep
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Pornchalit Assavacheep
| | - Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Center of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
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Fiorito F, Iovane V, Pagnini U, Cerracchio C, Brandi S, Levante M, Marati L, Ferrara G, Tammaro V, De Carlo E, Iovane G, Fusco G. First Description of Serological Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in Lactating Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111459. [PMID: 35681922 PMCID: PMC9179237 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of the disease that has caused a global pandemic, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviruses (CoVs) may emerge from wildlife hosts and infect humans and animals. Up to now, natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in several animals, but it has not been found in farm animals, such as buffaloes, goats, sheep, horses, rabbits, hens, pigs, or cows, despite contact with their SARS-CoV-2-positive human breeders. Furthermore, a low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in experimentally infected cattle with SARS-CoV-2. The unknown zoonotic potential of this virus is a cause of concern for pet owners and farmers. The limited data on cattle suggest that cattle show low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and probably do not function as reservoirs. However, in areas with large cattle populations and a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, close contact between livestock and farmworkers may cause reverse zoonotic infections in cattle, as has already been described for highly sensitive animal species, such as minks, cats, and dogs. Thus, studying the zoonotic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 could help in the development of a strategy for virus detection and the control of viral dissemination. Abstract Following the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak in Ariano Irpino, Campania region (Italy), we tested lactating cows for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on a cattle farm at which, prior to the investigation, 13 of the 20 farmworkers showed COVID-19-like symptoms, and one of them died. Twenty-four lactating cows were sampled to detect SARS-CoV-2. All nasal and rectal swabs and milk samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Of the 24 collected serum samples, 11 showed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, 14 showed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and 13 developed neutralising antibodies for SARS-COV-2; all samples were negative for Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), another betacoronavirus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in lactating cows. We hypothesise that this may be a case of reverse zoonosis. However, the role of cattle in SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission seems to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Fiorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (U.P.); (C.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Valentina Iovane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (U.P.); (C.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Claudia Cerracchio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (U.P.); (C.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Sergio Brandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (L.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Martina Levante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (L.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Luisa Marati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (L.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (U.P.); (C.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Virginio Tammaro
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Avellino (Ariano Irpino), 83031 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (L.M.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.C.); (G.I.); Tel.: +39-0812536178 (E.D.C. & G.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (U.P.); (C.C.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.C.); (G.I.); Tel.: +39-0812536178 (E.D.C. & G.I.)
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (M.L.); (L.M.); (G.F.)
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Huang SYB, Li MW, Lee YS. Transforming the Emotional Intelligence of the Feeders in Agribusinesses into the Development of Task Performance and Counterproductive Work Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113124. [PMID: 34827855 PMCID: PMC8614498 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This research proposes a psychological model to describe how leadership can deal with the work burnout of feeders in livestock production agribusinesses to solve the important problems of mental health and well-being, thereby increasing the sustainable work of feeders. The empirical evidence comes from 240 livestock feeders from 80 Taiwanese livestock production agribusinesses. The research results can push the literature of emotional intelligence and implementation methods to livestock production agribusinesses. Abstract The present research poses a novel multilevel model to describe how transformational leadership can significantly affect task performance and counterproductive work behavior through intermediary effects of emotional intelligence, work engagement, and work burnout. The empirical data is from 240 livestock feeders from 80 Taiwanese livestock production agribusinesses. The empirical results demonstrate that leadership could indeed transform the emotional intelligence of livestock feeders into positive task performance and negative counterproductive work behavior. The research results can provide an implementation method for livestock production agribusinesses to achieve the sustainable work of feeders in agribusinesses through handling task performance and counterproductive work behavior of feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Y. B. Huang
- Master Program of Financial Technology, School of Financial Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Way Li
- Department of Marketing and Logistics Management, College of Business Management, Chihlee University of Technology, New Taipei 220, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yue-Shi Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
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Sharma P, Bhaskaran K. Commentary: Teaching surgical skills during COVID-19-ills. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:1933. [PMID: 34146059 PMCID: PMC8374765 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1515_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sharma
- Strabismus Pediatric and Neuro-Ophthalmology Services, Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthika Bhaskaran
- Consultant, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Oculoplasty services, Al Salama Eye Hospital, Kannur, Kerala, India
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