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Cui J, Li X, Kang Y, Li P, Guo X, Zhao W, Yang L, Yang Q, Li R, Liu X, Sun Z. Integrating network pharmacology with pharmacological research to elucidate the mechanism of modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in treating porcine epidemic diarrhea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18929. [PMID: 39147857 PMCID: PMC11327325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) poses a significant threat to neonatal piglets, particularly due to the limited efficacy of existing vaccines and the scarcity of efficacious therapeutic drugs. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) has been employed for over two millennia in treating infectious diarrhea. Nonetheless, further scrutiny is required to improve the drug's efficacy and elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. In this study, a modified GQD (MGQD) was developed and demonstrated its capacity to inhibit the replication of PEDV. Animal trials indicated that MGQD effectively alleviated pathological damage in immune tissues and modulated T-lymphocyte subsets. The integration of network analysis with UHPLC-MS/MS facilitated the identification of active ingredients within MGQD and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects against PEDV infections. In vitro studies revealed that MGQD significantly impeded PEDV proliferation in IPEC-J2 cells, promoting cellular growth via virucidal activity, inhibition of viral attachment, and disruption of viral biosynthesis. Furthermore, MGQD treatment led to increased expression levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-λ3, while concurrently decreasing the expression of TNF-α, thereby enhancing resistance to PEDV infection in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MGQD holds promise as a novel antiviral agent for the treatment of PEDV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Mingxian South Road 1, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
- School of Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Jinsui Road 191, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yu Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Mingxian South Road 1, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Jinsui Road 191, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinling Guo
- School of Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qinxin Yang
- School of Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ru Li
- School of Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xingyou Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Jinsui Road 191, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Mingxian South Road 1, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Chen J, Dai XY, Zhao BC, Xu XW, Kang JX, Xu YR, Li JL. Role of the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in silicon-rich alkaline mineral water maintaining intestinal epithelium regeneration in piglets under early-life stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:126. [PMID: 38470510 PMCID: PMC10933158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Stress-induced intestinal epithelial injury (IEI) and a delay in repair in infancy are predisposing factors for refractory gut diseases in adulthood, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Hence, it is necessary to develop appropriate mitigation methods for mammals when experiencing early-life stress (ELS). Weaning, as we all know, is a vital procedure that all mammalian newborns, including humans, must go through. Maternal separation (MS) stress in infancy (regarded as weaning stress in animal science) is a commonly used ELS paradigm. Drinking silicon-rich alkaline mineral water (AMW) has a therapeutic effect on enteric disease, but the specific mechanisms involved have not been reported. Herein, we discover the molecular mechanism by which silicon-rich AMW repairs ELS-induced IEI by maintaining intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation through the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)2-Wnt1 axis. Mechanistic study showed that silicon-rich AMW activates GLP2-dependent Wnt1/β-catenin pathway, and drives ISC proliferation and differentiation by stimulating Lgr5+ ISC cell cycle passage through the G1-S-phase checkpoint, thereby maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration and IEI repair. Using GLP2 antagonists (GLP23-33) and small interfering RNA (SiWnt1) in vitro, we found that the GLP2-Wnt1 axis is the target of silicon-rich AMW to promote intestinal epithelium regeneration. Therefore, silicon-rich AMW maintains intestinal epithelium regeneration through the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in piglets under ELS. Our research contributes to understanding the mechanism of silicon-rich AMW promoting gut epithelial regeneration and provides a new strategy for the alleviation of ELS-induced IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Yang S, Liu G, Savelkoul HFJ, Jansen CA, Li B. Mini-review: microbiota have potential to prevent PEDV infection by improved intestinal barrier. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230937. [PMID: 37503350 PMCID: PMC10369048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. Current prevention and control strategies are inadequate in protecting pigs from new PEDV variants. This review aims to examine the relationship between PEDV and intestinal microbes, and investigate whether modulating intestinal microbes could affect PEDV infection. The mechanisms by which various intestinal microbes affect viral infection were initially introduced. Intestinal microbes can influence enteric viral infection through direct contact, such as binding, or by affecting interferons (IFNs) production and the intestinal barrier. Influencing the intestinal barrier by microbes can impact PEDV infection in young piglets. To narrow down the range of microbes that may influence PEDV infection, this review summarized microbes that change after infection. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bacterial cell components, and toxins from microbes were identified as important mediators affecting PEDV infection. SCFAs primarily strengthen the intestinal barrier and inhibit intestinal inflammation, while bacterial cell components and toxins are more likely to damage the intestinal barrier. Therefore, this review hypothesizes that fecal transplantation, which allows the host to colonize more SCFAs-producing microbes, may prevent PEDV infection. However, these hypotheses require further proof, and the transplantation of intestinal microbes in pigs requires more exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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m 6A Demethylase ALKBH5 Restrains PEDV Infection by Regulating GAS6 Expression in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116191. [PMID: 35682869 PMCID: PMC9181496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a burdensome coronavirus for the global pig industry. Although its fecal-oral route has been well-recognized, increasing evidence suggests that PEDV can also spread through airborne routes, indicating that the infection may also occur in the respiratory tract. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been known to regulate viral replication and host immunity, yet its regulatory role and molecular mechanism regarding PEDV infection outside the gastrointestinal tract remain unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that PEDV can infect porcine lung tissue and the 3D4/21 alveolar macrophage cell line, and the key m6A demethylase ALKBH5 is remarkably induced after PEDV infection. Interestingly, the disruption of ALKBH5 expression remarkably increases the infection’s capacity for PEDV. Transcriptome profiling identified dozens of putative targets of ALKBH5, including GAS6, which is known to regulate virus infectivity. Further, MeRIP-qPCR and mRNA stability analyses suggest that ALKBH5 regulates the expression of GAS6 via an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent mechanism. Overall, our study demonstrates that PEDV can infect porcine lung tissue and 3D4/21 cells and reveals the crucial role of ALKBH5 in restraining PEDV infections, at least partly, by influencing GAS6 through an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent mechanism.
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