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Yang Y, Ma N, Huang Y, Yang W, Zhu X, Liu T, Zhang H. Effects of phoxim on antibacterial infection of silver carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109628. [PMID: 38750706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of phoxim in treating bacterial sepsis in silver carp is significant, yet its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to establish a model of Aeromonas veronii infection in silver carp and subsequently treat the infected fish with 10 μg/L phoxim. Kidney and intestine samples from silver carp were collected for transcriptome analysis and assessment of intestinal microbial composition, with the aim of elucidating the mechanism underlying the efficacy of phoxim in treating bacterial sepsis in silver carp. The results of transcriptome and intestinal microbial composition analysis of silver carp kidney indicated that A. veronii infection could up-regulate the expression of il1β, il6, nos2, ctsl, casp3 et al., which means, signifying that the kidney of silver carp would undergo inflammation, induce apoptosis, and alter the composition of intestinal microorganisms. Phoxim immersion might enhance the energy metabolism of silver carp and change its intestinal microbial composition, potentially elevating the antibacterial infection resistance of silver carp. These findings may contribute to an understanding of how phoxim can effectively treat bacterial sepsis in silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
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2
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Soliman AA, Gewaily MS, Amer AA, Shukry M, Khalil RH, Shehata AI. Dietary effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Allium sativum on growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas sobria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109493. [PMID: 38461877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the benefits of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or garlic, Allium sativum supplementation in diets of Nile tilapia with regard to growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance to Aeromonas sobria infection. Fish (with an initial weight of 9.43 ± 0.08 g) were allocated to twelve hapas, organized into four triplicate treatment groups defined as control (no supplementation), yeast (4 g/kg diet), garlic (30 g/kg diet), and a mixture of both. This trial continued over a 60-day feeding period. Results revealed that combined treatment (yeast + garlic) demonstrated the most promising outcomes regarding growth, with significantly higher final body weights, weight gains, and specific growth rates compared to other groups. Moreover, this combination enhanced hepatic antioxidant status, as evidenced by elevated levels of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, reflecting improved defense against oxidative stress. Histological assessments of the livers and intestines demonstrated structural enhancements in yeast and garlic treatments, suggesting improvements in organ health. In comparison to the control, the gene expression analyses unveiled increased expression of growth-related (igf-1 and ghr1) and immune-related (il-10, lyz, and hep) genes in the test groups, indicating a possible reinforcement of the growth and immune responses. The combined treatment also showed the highest resistance to A. sobria infection, as evidenced by improved survival rates and lower mortality compared with the other groups. These findings highlight the benefits of a combination of both yeast and garlic as a dietary supplementation regimen. In conclusion, this study suggests that the combined treatment regimen could be considered an effective strategy to promote the health and productivity of Nile tilapia under production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Soliman
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Riad H Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Akram Ismael Shehata
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
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Yang Y, Li S, Zhu Y, Che L, Wu Q, Bai S, Shu G, Zhao X, Guo P, Soaud SA, Li N, Deng M, Li J, El-Sappah AH. Saccharomyces cerevisiae additions normalized hemocyte differential genes expression and regulated crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) oxidative damage under cadmium stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20939. [PMID: 38016989 PMCID: PMC10684557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Because China produces the most crayfish in the world, safe solutions must be improved to mitigate the risks of ongoing heavy metal stressors accumulation. This study aimed to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a bioremediation agent to counteract the harmful effect of cadmium (Cd) on crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Our study used three concentrations of S. cerevisiae on crayfish feed to assess their Cd toxicity remediation effect by measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the biomarkers related to oxidative stress like malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl derivates (PCO), and DNA-protein crosslink (DPC). A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy device was used to determine Cd contents in crayfish. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of lysozyme (LSZ), metallothionein (MT), and prophenoloxidase (proPO) were evaluated before and following the addition of S. cerevisiae. The results indicated that S. cerevisae at 5% supplemented in fundamental feed exhibited the best removal effect, and Cd removal rates at days 4th, 8th, 12th, and 21st were 12, 19, 29.7, and 66.45%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the basal diet of crayfish. The addition of S. cerevisiae increased TAC levels. On the other hand, it decreased MDA, PCO, and DPC, which had risen due to Cd exposure. Furthermore, it increased the expression of proPO, which was reduced by Cd exposure, and decreased the expression of LSZ and MT, acting in the opposite direction of Cd exposure alone. These findings demonstrated that feeding S. cerevisiae effectively reduces the Cd from crayfish and could be used to develop Cd-free crayfish-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Yang
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China.
| | - Shuaidong Li
- College of Morden Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, 644003, China
| | - Yumin Zhu
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Litao Che
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Qifan Wu
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Shijun Bai
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Guocheng Shu
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xianming Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Peng Guo
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Salma A Soaud
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Nianzhen Li
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Mengling Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China.
| | - Ahmed H El-Sappah
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China.
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Xu N, Ai X, Zhang H. Effects of diets rich in Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides on the growth, antioxidant, immunity, and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri in channel catfish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108941. [PMID: 37463648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
To promote the application of Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides (ABPs) in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) culture, we evaluated the effects of ABPs on the growth, immunity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of channel catfish. When the amount of ABPs was 250 mg/kg, channel catfish's weight gain and specific growth rates increased significantly while the feed coefficient decreased. We also found that adding ABPs in the feed effectively increased the activities of ACP, MDA, T-SOD, AKP, T-AOC, GSH, and CAT enzymes and immune-related genes such as IL-1β, Hsp70, and IgM in the head kidney of channel catfish. Besides, long-term addition will not cause pathological damage to the head kidney. When the amount of ABPs was over 125 mg/kg, the protection rate of channel catfish was more than 60%. According to the intestinal transcriptome analysis, the addition of ABPs promoted the expression of intestinal immunity genes and growth metabolism-related genes and enriched multiple related KEEG pathways. When challenged by Yersinia ruckeri infection, the immune response of channel catfish fed with ABPs was intenser and quicker. Additionally, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that the composition of the intestinal microbial community of channel catfish treated with ABPs significantly changed, and the abundance of microorganisms beneficial to channel catfish growth, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidota increased. In conclusion, feeding channel catfish with ABPs promoted growth, enhanced immunity and antioxidant, and improved resistance to bacterial infections. Our current results might promote the use of ABPs in channel catfish and even other aquacultured fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
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Alvanou MV, Feidantsis K, Staikou A, Apostolidis AP, Michaelidis B, Giantsis IA. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics Utilization in Crayfish Aquaculture and Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1232. [PMID: 37317206 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is affected by numerous factors that may cause various health threats that have to be controlled by the most environmentally friendly approaches. In this context, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are frequently incorporated into organisms' feeding rations to ameliorate the health status of the host's intestine, enhancing its functionality and physiological performance, and to confront increasing antimicrobial resistance. The first step in this direction is the understanding of the complex microbiome system of the organism in order to administer the optimal supplement, in the best concentration, and in the correct way. In the present review, pre-, pro-, and synbiotics as aquaculture additives, together with the factors affecting gut microbiome in crayfish, are discussed, combined with their future prospective outcomes. Probiotics constitute non-pathogenic bacteria, mainly focused on organisms' energy production and efficient immune response; prebiotics constitute fiber indigestible by the host organism, which promote the preferred gastrointestinal tract microorganisms' growth and activity towards the optimum balance between the gastrointestinal and immune system's microbiota; whereas synbiotics constitute their combination as a blend. Among pro-, pre-, and synbiotics' multiple benefits are boosted immunity, increased resistance towards pathogens, and overall welfare promotion. Furthermore, we reviewed the intestinal microbiota abundance and composition, which are found to be influenced by a plethora of factors, including the organism's developmental stage, infection by pathogens, diet, environmental conditions, culture methods, and exposure to toxins. Intestinal microbial communities in crayfish exhibit high plasticity, with infections leading to reduced diversity and abundance. The addition of synbiotic supplementation seems to provide better results than probiotics and prebiotics separately; however, there are still conflicting results regarding the optimal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Alvanou
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Laboratory of Marine and Terrestrial Animal Diversity, Department of Zoology, Facultyof Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki,Greece
| | - Apostolos P Apostolidis
- Laboratory of Ichthyology & Fisheries, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece
- Laboratory of Ichthyology & Fisheries, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Xue M, Wu Y, Hong Y, Meng Y, Xu C, Jiang N, Li Y, Liu W, Fan Y, Zhou Y. Effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth, immune responses, intestinal microbiota composition and disease resistance of yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1047351. [PMID: 36452300 PMCID: PMC9702064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1047351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of dietary probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune parameters and disease resistance of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) was evaluated. Commercial diet (C) or diet containing 106 cfu/g B. amyloliquefaciens (T) was fed for 4 weeks, and final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) in the T group. Dietary B. amyloliquefaciens increased protease and amylase activities in the digestive tract after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Respiratory burst (RB), plasma lysozyme (LZM) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also elevated (p<0.05). Immune-related genes signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STATA-1), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and C-type lectin (CTL) were upregulated (p<0.05), but interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) was not (p >0.05). Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that the community structure was significantly different between the two groups; the relative abundance of Cetobacterium was increased but Plesiomonas was decreased in T. Moreover, challenge tests showed that the resistance of fish fed B. amyloliquefaciens against Aeromonas veronii and Edwardsiella ictaluri was significantly enhanced (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of B. amyloliquefaciens can effectively improve the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune responses, intestinal microbiota composition and disease resistance of yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yeying Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Dynamic Life Science Co, Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhan Hong
- Department of Production, Hainan Yonghe Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Qionghai, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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7
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Huang Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Xu N, Fu G, Ai X. RNA-Seq and 16S rRNA Analysis Revealed the Effect of Deltamethrin on Channel Catfish in the Early Stage of Acute Exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916100. [PMID: 35747138 PMCID: PMC9211022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin (Del) is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide and a dangerous material that has brought serious problems to the healthy breeding of aquatic animals. However, the toxicological mechanisms of Del on channel catfish remain unclear. In the present study, we exposed channel catfish to 0, 0.5, and 5 μg/L Del for 6 h, and analyzed the changes in histopathology, trunk kidney transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota composition. The pathological analyses showed that a high concentration of Del damaged the intestine and trunk kidney of channel catfish in the early stage. The transcriptome analysis detected 32 and 1837 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in channel catfish trunk kidneys after exposure to 0.5 and 5 μg/L Del, respectively. Moreover, the KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analyses showed that the apoptosis signaling pathway was significantly enriched, and apoptosis-related DEGs, including cathepsin L, p53, Bax, and caspase-3, were also detected. These results suggested that apoptosis occurs in the trunk kidney of channel catfish in the early stage of acute exposure to Del. We also detected some DEGs and signaling pathways related to immunity and drug metabolism, indicating that early exposure to Del can lead to immunotoxicity and metabolic disorder of channel catfish, which increases the risk of pathogenic infections and energy metabolism disorders. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the composition of the intestinal microbiome significantly changed in channel catfish treated with Del. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria significantly decreased in the early stage of Del exposure. At the genus level, the abundance of Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, and Cetobacterium decreased after Del exposure. Overall, early exposure to Del can lead to tissue damage, metabolic disorder, immunotoxicity, and apoptosis in channel catfish, and affect the composition of its intestinal microbiota. Herein, we clarified the toxic effects of Del on channel catfish in the early stage of exposure and explored why fish under Del stress are more vulnerable to microbial infections and slow growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guihong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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8
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Xiao Z, Li X, Xue M, Zhang M, Liu W, Fan Y, Chen X, Chu Z, Gong F, Zeng L, Zhou Y. Vibrio metschnikovii, a Potential Pathogen in Freshwater-Cultured Hybrid Sturgeon. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091101. [PMID: 35565528 PMCID: PMC9101323 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In an era of shrinking stocks and intensive fisheries production, pathogenic microorganisms are a serious threat to fish health. This study confirms that Vibrio metschnikovii—a pathogen mainly found in aquatic environments—was the pathogenic bacterium causing disease in hybrid sturgeon. The authors reveal the hazard of V. metschnikovii to hybrid sturgeon and the potential risks to the sturgeon farming industry. Abstract In July 2021, a disease with a high mortality rate broke out in freshwater cultured hybrid sturgeon in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. A dominant strain, H-701, was isolated from diseased fish; physiological changes in diseased fish were investigated and molecular identification, biochemical characterization, and pathogenicity and drug sensitivity tests of H-701 were performed. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of H-701 was 99.86% homologous with that of Vibrio metschnikovii in GenBank. The 50% lethal dose of H-701 was 3.72 ± 0.929 × 104 CFU/g fish weight. The proportion of monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the blood of diseased sturgeon increased significantly, whereas the proportion of lymphocytes decreased. In diseased fish, the serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly, and those of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and complement C3 increased significantly. There were obvious pathological changes in several tissues of the diseased fish. H-701 was sensitive to antibiotics such as florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline. This study not only demonstrated that V. metschnikovii was the cause of death of a large number of hybrid sturgeon but also revealed its potential risk in hybrid sturgeon aquaculture. The results provide a basis for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Xiao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Henan Fishery Technical Extension Station, Zhengzhou 450008, China;
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xihua Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhipeng Chu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Feilong Gong
- Zhengzhou Fishery Technical Extension Station, Zhengzhou 450006, China;
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Z.X.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.F.); (X.C.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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