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Samir H, Swelum AA, Abdelnaby EA, El-Sherbiny HR. Incorporation of L-Carnitine in the OvSynch protocol enhances the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of the ovarian structures and uterus in ewes under summer climatic conditions. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:246. [PMID: 37996926 PMCID: PMC10668402 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress negatively impacts the reproductive performance of sheep including the efficiency of estrous synchronization regimens. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of L-Carnitine (LC) administration on the efficacy of the OvSynch protocol in ewes under summer climatic conditions. Ewes were synchronized for estrus using the OvSynch protocol and a dose of LC (20 mg/kg body weight) was intravenously (IV) administered on the same day of PGF2α injection to one group (n = 8; LC group), while other ewes (n = 8; control group) received the same protocol without LC. Ultrasonographic evaluation (including B-mode, color, and pulsed Doppler) was used to assess the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of ovarian structures [number, size, and blood flow of follicles (GFs) and corpora lutea (CLs)] and uterus during the estrous phase (Day 0), and on Day 8 post ovulation (luteal phase). Uterine artery blood flow (MUA) was assessed by measuring the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) at both stages. The serum samples were collected to measure the concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using commercial kits. Results revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the colored pixel area of GFs and uterus in the LC group (392.84 ± 31.86 and 712.50 ± 46.88, respectively) compared to the control one (226.25 ± 17.74 and 322 ± 18.78, respectively) during Day 0. Circulating E2 and TAC levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the LC-treated ewes (31.45 ± 1.53 pg/ml and 1.80 ± 0.13 mM/L, respectively) compared to those in the control ewes (21.20 ± 1.30 pg/ml and 0.98 ± 0.09 mM/L, respectively) during Day 0. Moreover, LC improved the colored pixel area of CLs (2038.14 ± 102.94 versus 1098 ± 82.39) and uterus (256.38 ± 39.28 versus 121.75 ± 11.36) and circulating P4 (2.99 ± 0.26 ng/ml versus1.67 ± 0.15 ng/ml) on Day 8. Values of RI of MUA were significantly lower in the LC group compared to the control one on Day 0 and Day 8 (0.48 ± 0.03 versus 0.72 ± 0.03 and 0.58 ± 0.03 versus 0.78 ± 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, LC incorporation in the OvSynch protocol enhanced the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of the ovarian structures and the uterus concomitantly with improvements in the TAC, E2, and P4 concentrations in ewes under hot summer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Henao-Gonzalez M, Ferrer MS, Jiménez-Escobar C, Palacio-Baena LG, Maldonado-Estrada JG. Ultrasonographic Screening of Dairy Cows with Normal Uterine Involution or Developing Postpartum Uterine Disease Using B-Mode, Color, and Spectral Doppler. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:2597332. [PMID: 37745163 PMCID: PMC10516695 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2597332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine involution, ovarian activity, and incidence of postpartum uterine disease (PUD) were assessed in forty-eight dairy cows from calving until the 10th postpartum week. Postpartum follow-up included evaluation of uterine involution and ovarian structures by B-mode, Doppler color, and Doppler spectral ultrasound of the right uterine artery in cows with no calving or postpartum uterine problems (healthy cows). Data from cows that developed PUD (PUD cows) were compared with healthy cows matched by herd and days in milk (DIM). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, simple regression, one-way ANOVA, or repeated ANOVA measures, and in data analysis of healthy cows, uterine horn diameter assessed by B-mode ultrasound ranged from 22.9 ± 2.4 to 19.4 ± 1.4 mm and 19.9 ± 2.2 to 20.5 ± 2.3 mm from the fourth to the seventh postpartum week in the left and right uterine horns, respectively (P > 0.05). During the study, 15 and 7 cows had corpus luteum in the left and right ovaries, respectively. The mean time for the first postpartum CL was 30.1 ± 3.2 DIM (min 8, max 67 DIM). In data analysis of PUD cows, uterine blood flow assessed by color Doppler ranged from 7.4 ± 4.0 to 43.75 ± 10.3% in cows that developed PUD compared to 16.7 ± 11.0% in healthy cows (P > 0.05). No statistically significant changes were found in resistance index, pulsatility index, time-averaged maximum velocity, time-averaged mean velocity, or diastole/systole ratio (D/S) in cows that developed PUD compared to healthy cows (P > 0.05). Finally, no correlation was found between Doppler spectral parameters and uterine involution (P > 0.05). Our data suggest that cows receiving transition diets and exhibiting normal calving undergo a rapid macroscopic uterine involution and ovarian follicular dynamics resumption. Complete ultrasound evaluation provides valuable data for assessing uterine involution in postpartum dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Henao-Gonzalez
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development (OHVRI-Group), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050034, Colombia
| | - María S. Ferrer
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Claudia Jiménez-Escobar
- Reproductive Biotechnology Laboratory, Section of Theriogenology and Herd Health, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, National University of Colombia, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Luis G. Palacio-Baena
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development (OHVRI-Group), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050034, Colombia
| | - Juan G. Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development (OHVRI-Group), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050034, Colombia
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Khan I, Mesalam A, Heo YS, Lee SH, Nabi G, Kong IK. Heat Stress as a Barrier to Successful Reproduction and Potential Alleviation Strategies in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2359. [PMID: 37508136 PMCID: PMC10376617 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the adverse effects of global warming on all living beings have been unanimously recognized across the world. A high environmental temperature that increases the respiration and rectal temperature of cattle is called heat stress (HS), and it can affect both male and female reproductive functions. For successful reproduction and fertilization, mature and healthy oocytes are crucial; however, HS reduces the developmental competence of oocytes, which compromises reproduction. HS disturbs the hormonal balance that plays a crucial role in successful reproduction, particularly in reducing the luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels, which leads to severe problems such as poor follicle development with a poor-quality oocyte and problems related to maturity, silent estrus, abnormal or weak embryo development, and pregnancy loss, resulting in a declining reproduction rate and losses for the cattle industry. Lactating cattle are particularly susceptible to HS and, hence, their reproduction rate is substantially reduced. Additionally, bulls are also affected by HS; during summer, semen quality and sperm motility decline, leading to compromised reproduction. In summer, the conception rate is reduced by 20-30% worldwide. Although various techniques, such as the provision of water sprinklers, shade, and air conditioning, are used during summer, these methods are insufficient to recover the normal reproduction rate and, therefore, special attention is needed to improve reproductive efficiency and minimize the detrimental effect of HS on cattle during summer. The application of advanced reproductive technologies such as the production of embryos in vitro, cryopreservation during the hot season, embryo transfer, and timed artificial insemination may minimize the detrimental effects of HS on livestock reproduction and recover the losses in the cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yun Seok Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Pirokad W, Yadmak C, Yama P, Jitjumnong J, U-krit W, Chaikol W, Sangkate M, Promsao N, Montha N, Sudwan P, Mektrirat R, Panatuk J, Intawicha P, Lumsangkul C, Tang PC, Moonmanee T. Increased luteal tissues after secondary corpus luteum formation leads to enhanced progesterone concentrations and improved fertility in repeat-breeder dairy cows during heat stress condition in tropical climate. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:308. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yama P, Yadmak C, Sangkate M, Jitjumnong J, U-krit W, Promsao N, Montha N, Sudwan P, Mektrirat R, Panatuk J, Inyawilert W, Sringarm K, Lumsangkul C, Tapingkae W, Doan HV, Tang PC, Moonmanee T. In Vivo Follicular and Uterine Arterial Indices as an Indicator of Successful Hormonal Stimulation for Inactive Ovaries in Repeat-Breeder Crossbred Dairy Cows Using a Short-Term Progesterone-Based Programme. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030292. [PMID: 35158616 PMCID: PMC8833532 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Blood supply of female reproductive organs plays an important role in reproductive performance in cattle. Ovarian and uterine arterial indices (vascularised area) from colour Doppler imaging provided important information about ovarian activity, supporting clinical diagnoses and reproductive management decisions in female cattle. However, the information regarding the relationship between reproductive vascular indices and resumption of follicular activity after hormonal stimulation for inactive ovaries in infertile dairy cows is scarce; thus, infertile crossbred dairy cows with inactive ovaries were induced using a 5-day progesterone-based programme. Our results highlighted that repeat-breeder crossbred dairy cows with greater follicular size and follicular and uterine arterial indices underwent a resumption of ovarian activity after hormonal stimulation. Therefore, additional information on follicular and uterine arterial indices that can be helpful in predicting the resumption of ovarian activity after hormonal stimulation in inactive ovary cows can be gained by reproductive vascularisation from colour Doppler ultrasonography. Abstract An investigation of vascularity of ovarian and uterine arteries after hormonal treatment for inactive ovaries using the short-term progesterone-based programme had not yet been explored in repeat-breeder crossbred dairy cows. To investigate the in vivo follicular and uterine arterial indices as an indicator of successful hormonal stimulation for inactive ovaries in repeat-breeder crossbred dairy cattle, 59 cows with inactive ovaries were induced with a 5-day progesterone-based protocol. At the completion of hormonal synchronisation, cows were divided into two groups according to the size of the largest follicle (LF) on their ovary: small (≤10.0 mm) and large (>10.0 mm) LFs. Vascularities of LF and uterine artery (UtA) were evaluated using a colour Doppler tool. Cows that presented with large LF had greater follicular and UtA vascular indices (p < 0.001) and pregnancy rate (p < 0.01) than cows bearing small LF on their ovary. There was a positive correlation (p < 0.001) between follicular size and LF and UtA vascular indices. Our findings highlighted that in vivo LF and UtA vascular indices at the completion of hormonal stimulation might be a promising indicator for predicting success in ovarian response to hormonal stimulation for inactive ovaries of infertile crossbred dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnawut Yama
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (J.J.); (P.-C.T.)
| | | | - Molarat Sangkate
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
| | - Jakree Jitjumnong
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (J.J.); (P.-C.T.)
| | - Warittha U-krit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
| | - Nalinthip Promsao
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
| | - Napatsorn Montha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
| | - Paiwan Sudwan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Julakorn Panatuk
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - Wilasinee Inyawilert
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (J.J.); (P.-C.T.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tossapol Moonmanee
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.Y.); (M.S.); (W.U.-k.); (N.P.); (N.M.); (K.S.); (C.L.); (W.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-944342
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