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Huang S, Yang L, Wang L, Chen Y, Ding X, Yang F, Qiao S, Huang J. The Effects of Octapeptin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Serum Immunity, and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2546. [PMID: 39272331 PMCID: PMC11394056 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
With the prohibition of antibiotics in animal feed, the livestock industry faces significant challenges, including increased morbidity and mortality rates and reduced farming efficiency. Developing green, natural, and safe antibiotic alternatives has become a research hotspot. This study evaluated the effects of octapeptin as a feed additive on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, serum biochemistry, serum immune factors, and gut microbiota of weaned piglets. Seventy-two weaned piglets were randomly assigned to three groups based on body weight and sex, with each group receiving different dietary treatments: a negative control group (CON, basal diet), a positive control group (MC, basal diet + 5 mg/kg Microcin C7), and an octapeptin supplement group (OP, basal diet + 40 mg/kg octapeptin). After 28 days of feeding experimental diets, the results demonstrated that supplementing the diet of weaned piglets with octapeptin significantly improved the feed conversion ratio compared to the control group (p < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. Furthermore, a reduction in diarrhea incidence was observed during the late nursery period (14-28 d), resulting in an overall improvement in diarrhea compared to the other two groups (p < 0.01). Serum biochemical analysis results revealed a trend towards decreased alanine aminotransferase level in the octapeptin group, with no significant differences in other indicators, suggesting potential improvements in liver function without causing liver damage. In addition, compared to the control group, octapeptin enhanced mucosal immunity by decreasing TNF-α level (p < 0.05). Fecal microbiota analysis results showed a significant increase in beneficial bacteria such as Collinsella and Olsenella in the octapeptin group compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05), indicating a positive impact on gut health. These findings supported the potential of octapeptin as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in weaned piglets' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yu Chen
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xiuliang Ding
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinxiu Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
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Park JE, Ko SM, Han HJ, Lee JY, Jeong DS, Lee DH, Heo IK, Shin YU, Kim YH, Son WC. Toxicology and safety study of L-tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1153-1165. [PMID: 38594832 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
L-tryptophan, an essential amino acid for physiological processes, metabolism, development, and growth of organisms, is widely utilized in animal nutrition and human health as a feed additive and nutritional supplement, respectively. Despite its known benefits, safety concerns have arisen due to an eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) outbreak linked to L-tryptophan consumed by humans. Extensive research has established that the EMS outbreak was caused by an L-tryptophan product that contained certain impurities. Therefore, safety validations are imperative to endorse the use of L-tryptophan as a supplement or a feed additive. This study was conducted in tertiary hybrid [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs to assess general toxicity and potential risks for EMS-related symptoms associated with L-tryptophan used as a feed additive. Our investigation elucidated the relationship between L-tryptophan and EMS in swine. No mortalities or clinical signs were observed in any animals during the administration period, and the test substance did not induce toxic effects. Hematological analysis and histopathological examination revealed no changes in EMS-related parameters, such as eosinophil counts, lung lesions, skin lesions, or muscle atrophy. Furthermore, no test substance-related changes occurred in other general toxicological parameters. Through analyzing the tissues and organs of swine, most of the L-tryptophan impurities that may cause EMS were not retained. Based on these findings, we concluded that incorporating L-tryptophan and its impurities into the diet does not induce EMS in swine. Consequently, L-tryptophan may be used as a feed additive throughout all growth stages of swine without safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Ko
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Han
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Heo
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Uk Shin
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Lu Y, Yu B, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Effect of cordyceps militaris on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal epithelium functions in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae194. [PMID: 39001695 PMCID: PMC11322740 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of cordyceps militaris (CM) on growth performance and intestinal epithelium functions, 180 weaned pigs were randomly assigned into 5 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment (6 pigs per pen). Pigs were fed with basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg CM. The trial lasted for 42 d, and pigs from the control and optimal-dose groups (based on growth performance) were picked for blood and tissue collection (n = 6). Results showed that CM elevated the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the ratio of feed intake to gain (F:G) in the weaned pigs (P < 0.05). CM supplementation at 100 mg/kg improved the digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and gross energy (GE) (P < 0.05). CM not only increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) but also increased the concentration of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), d-lactate, and diamine oxidase (DAO) were reduced by CM (P < 0.05). Interestingly, CM elevated the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum and increased the activities of duodenal sucrase and maltase (P < 0.05). Moreover, CM elevated the expression levels of tight-junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-1, and occluding, as well as critical functional genes such as the fatty acid transport protein (FATP1), cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1), and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Importantly, CM increased the concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid, and elevated the abundances of Bacillus and Lactobacillus in the cecum and colon, respectively (P < 0.05). These results indicated potential benefits of CM in improving the growth of weaned pigs, and such effect may be tightly associated with improvement in antioxidant capacity and intestinal epithelium functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanPing Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
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Shivam, Gupta AK. Toxicological Assessment and Anti-diabetic Effects of Combined Extract of Chirata, Fenugreek and Sesame on Regulating TNF-α, TGF-β and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e201023222477. [PMID: 37870057 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638252203230919092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swertia chirayita, Trigonella foenum-gracum and Sesamum indicum are used as traditional medicines to treat diabetes mellitus. A collection of metabolic illnesses known as diabetes mellitus (DM) involves chronic hyperglycemia caused by flaws in insulin secretion, function, or both. Innate immunity and inflammation both play important roles in the etiology of diabetes- related microvascular problems. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the anti-diabetic effects and the acute toxicity of combined extract (1:1:1) of Swertia chirayita, Trigonella foenum-gracum and Sesamum indicum. To address the demand for higher effectiveness and safety, the current effort aims to construct anti-diabetic preparations containing methanolic extract from herbal medications. METHODS The OECD 423 method was used to investigate acute toxicity in rats. Rats were used as test subjects, and rats were given a 35 mg/kg BW injection of streptozotocin to develop diabetes. The diabetic control group was given Glibenclamide 0.25 mg/kg BW, while the experimental group's diabetic rats received 125 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/kg BW of a combined methanolic extract of all plants. Among the measurements looked at were acute oral toxicity, behavioral changes, body weight, serum glucose levels, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, renal function tests, and inflammatory mediators. All the rat groups' histopathologies of the kidney, liver, and stomach were compared. The data were evaluated using analysis of variance, and a post hoc test was then carried out. RESULTS The combined extracts' medium lethal doses (LD50) were higher than 2000 mg/kg, indicating that they are not poisonous under the conditions that can be observed. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats' elevated blood glucose was found to be considerably lower (p 0.01) in the treated group of rats. In the treated group of rats, it was discovered that the damage and disarray in the cells typical of Streptozotocin-induced DM had been repaired. The treated group of rats returned to normal levels of the lipid profile, hyperglycemia, decreased serum protein and liver glycogen, increased liver function, and kidney function markers seen in the rats of the DM control group. CONCLUSION The evaluated combined methanolic extract can be considered safe for use in rats. Combining methanolic extract from all selected medicinal plants (Swertia chirayita, Trigonella foenum-gracum and Sesamum indicum) has a potential anti-diabetic effect and can be safely developed as an alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University Delhi Road, Moradabad, Lodhipur Rajpoot, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Asheesh Kumar Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University Delhi Road, Moradabad, Lodhipur Rajpoot, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
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Sun W, Chen Z, Huang Z, Wan A, Zhou M, Gao J. Effects of dietary traditional Chinese medicine residues on growth performance, intestinal health and gut microbiota compositions in weaned piglets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1283789. [PMID: 38053526 PMCID: PMC10694240 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1283789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning stress can induce diarrhea, intestinal damage and flora disorder of piglets, leading to slow growth and even death of piglets. Traditional Chinese medicine residue contains a variety of active ingredients and nutrients, and its resource utilization has always been a headache. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine residues (Xiasangju, composed of prunellae spica, mulberry leaves, and chrysanthemum indici flos) on growth performance, diarrhea, immune function, and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Forty-eight healthy Duroc× Landrace × Yorkshire castrated males weaned aged 21 days with similar body conditions were randomly divided into 6 groups with eight replicates of one piglet. The control group was fed a basal diet, the antibiotic control group was supplemented with 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline, and the residue treatment groups were supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% Xiasangju residues. The results showed that dietary Xiasangju residues significantly reduced the average daily feed intake, but reduced the diarrhea score (P < 0.05). The 1.0% and 2.0% Xiasangju residues significantly increased the serum IgM content of piglets, and the 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% Xiasangju residues significantly increased the serum IgG content, while the 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% Xiasangju residues significantly increased the sIgA content of ileal contents (P < 0.05). Dietary Xiasangju residues significantly increased the villus height and the number of villus goblet cells in the jejunum and ileum, and significantly decreased the crypt depth (P<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of IL-10 in the ileum was significantly increased in the 1% and 2% Xiasangju residues supplemented groups (P < 0.05), while IL-1β in the ileum was downregulated (P < 0.05). Xiasangju residues improved the gut tight barrier, as evidenced by the enhanced expression of Occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum. The diets with 1% Xiasangju residues significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii, and 2% and 4% Xiasangju residues significantly increased the relative abundance of Weissella jogaeotgali (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.5%, 1.0%, 2% and 4% with Xiasangju residues significantly decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia coli and Treponema porcinum (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with Xiasangju residues improves intestinal health and gut microbiota in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Sun
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyun Huang
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Anfeng Wan
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Relationships between the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Animal Samples and Diseases of Different Etiologies. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050852. [PMID: 36899709 PMCID: PMC10000063 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the micro- and macro-elements (MMEs) required by the body are found in environmental objects in concentrations different from their original concentration that can lead to dangerous animal diseases ("microelementoses"). The aim was to study the features of MME (accumulating in wild and exotic animals) in connection with particular diseases. The work using 67 mammal species from four Russian zoological institutions was completed in 2022. Studies of 820 cleaned and defatted samples (hair, fur, etc.) after "wet-acid-ashing" on an electric stove and in a muffle furnace were performed using a Kvant-2A atomic absorption spectrometer. The content of zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, and arsenic was assessed. The level of MME accumulation in the animal body contributes not only to the MME status and the development of various concomitant diseases, but the condition itself can occur by intake of a number of micronutrients and/or drugs. Particular correlations between the accumulation of Zn and skin, oncological diseases, Cu-musculoskeletal, cardiovascular diseases, Fe-oncological diseases, Pb-metabolic, nervous, oncological diseases, and Cd-cardiovascular diseases were established. Therefore, monitoring of the MME status of the organism must be carried out regularly (optimally once every 6 months).
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Ban C, Paengkoum S, Yang S, Tian X, Thongpea S, Purba RAP, Paengkoum P. Feeding meat goats mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L.) peel rich in condensed tannins, flavonoids, and cinnamic acid improves growth performance and plasma antioxidant activity under tropical conditions. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2068557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ban
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Paengkoum
- Program in Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Shenglin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingzhou Tian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sorasak Thongpea
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pramote Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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