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Wu Z, Zhang F, Su Q, Ji Q, Zhu K, Zhang Y, Hou S, Gui L. Integrating 16S rRNA Sequencing and LC-MS-Based Metabolomics to Evaluate the Effects of Dietary Crude Protein on Ruminal Morphology, Fermentation Parameter and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Tibetan Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2149. [PMID: 39123675 PMCID: PMC11310993 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The dietary crude protein level could affect ruminal fermentation parameters and the microflora of ruminants. The present study's aim was to investigate the effects of different protein level diets on ruminal morphology, fermentation parameters, digestive enzyme activity, microflora and metabolites of Tibetan sheep. Ninety weaned lambs (initial weight of 15.40 ± 0.81 kg, 2 months old) were selected and randomly divided into three groups (six pens/treatment, five rams/pen). Dietary treatments were formulated with 13.03% (high protein, HP), 11.58% (moderate protein, MP) and 10.20% (low protein, LP), respectively. Compared with LP, both papillae length and papillae width were significantly promoted in HP and MP (p < 0.05). The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total VFAs, propionic acids and butyric acids in HP were significantly increased compared to those in MP and LP (p < 0.05). The activities of protease and α-amylase in HP were significantly greater than those of LP (p < 0.05). For the ruminal microbial community, higher proportions of phylum Prevotella 1 and Succiniclasticum and genus Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Ruminococcus 1 were observed in HP (p < 0.05). A total of 60 differential metabolites (DMs) (28 up, 32 down) between HP and MP; 73 DMs (55 up, 18 down) between HP and LP; and 65 DMs (49 up, 16 down) between MP and LP were identified. Furthermore, four pathways of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, tryptophan metabolism, bile secretion and ABC transporters were significantly different (p < 0.05). The abundance of phylum Prevotella 1 was negatively associated with stearic acid and palmitic acid but positively associated with the taurine. The abundance of genus Ruminococcus 1 was negatively associated with stearic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, Indole-3-acetamide and palmitic acid but positively associated with 6-hydroxymelatonin. In conclusion, a 13.03% CP level improved ruminal morphology, fermentation parameters and digestive enzyme activities through modulating the microbial community and regulating metabolism in Tibetan sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Z.W.); (F.Z.); (Q.S.); (Q.J.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
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Gu M, Liu H, Jiang X, Qiu S, Li K, Lu J, Zhang M, Qiu Y, Wang B, Ma Z, Gan Q. Analysis of Rumen Degradation Characteristics, Attached Microbial Community, and Cellulase Activity Changes of Garlic Skin and Artemisia argyi Stalk. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:169. [PMID: 38200900 PMCID: PMC10778316 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study the chemical composition, rumen degradation characteristics, surface attached microbial community and cellulase activity of garlic skin (GS) and Artemisia argyi stalk (AS), in order to explain their feeding value. Four 14-month-old healthy Min Dong male goats with permanent rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals. The rumen degradation characteristics of GS and AS were determined by using the nylon bag method, and the bacterial composition, cellulase activity and their relationship on the surface of the two groups were analyzed with high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that in GS and AS, the effective degradation rate (ED) values of dry matter (DM) were 42.53% and 37.12%, the ED values of crude protein (CP) were 37.19% and 43.38%, the ED values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were 36.83% and 36.23%, and the ED values of acid detergent fiber (ADF) were 33.81% and 34.77%. During rumen degradation, the richness and evenness of bacteria attached to the AS surface were higher. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were always the main rumen bacteria in the two groups. At the genus level, fiber-degrading bacteria such as Prevotella, Treponema, and Ruminococcus showed higher levels in GS (p < 0.05). Compared with GS, the activity of β-glucosidase (BG enzyme), endo-β-1,4-glucanase (C1 enzyme), exo-β-1,4-glucanase (Cx enzyme) and neutral xylanase (NEX enzyme) attached to AS surface showed a higher trend. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Succinivibrio and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was positively correlated with the rumen degradability of nutrients in GS, and the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7_group, Succinivibrio and Ruminococcus was positively correlated with the rumen degradability of nutrients in AS. The conclusion of this study shows that AS has more potential to become ruminant roughage than GS. In addition, this study also revealed the relationship between cellulase activity and bacteria, which provided new information for us to better analyze the effects of GS and AS on the rumen of ruminants and provided an important theoretical basis for the development and utilization of agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Haoyu Liu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xinghui Jiang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Shuiling Qiu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Keyao Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Jianing Lu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Yujun Qiu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Benzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhiyi Ma
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Qianfu Gan
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (M.G.); (H.L.); (X.J.); (S.Q.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Q.); (B.W.); (Z.M.)
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Xu S, Jiao C, Diao Q, Tu Y. Preweaning period is a critical window for rumen microbial regulation of average daily gain in Holstein heifer calves. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:128. [PMID: 37915054 PMCID: PMC10621147 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance, such as average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and efficiency. The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition, rumen fermentation indicators, serum indicators, and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG. Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG (HADG, high pre- and post-weaning ADG, n = 6) and lower ADG (LADG, low pre- and post-weaning ADG, n = 6) groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype. RESULTS During the preweaning period, the relative abundances of propionate producers, including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae, g_Pyramidobacter, and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, were higher in HADG calves (LDA > 2, P < 0.05). Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate, a gluconeogenic precursor, in preweaning HADG calves (adjusted P < 0.05), which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations (adjusted P < 0.05). In contrast, the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Wang S, Kong F, Liu J, Xia J, Du W, Li S, Wang W. Comparative Analysis of Rumen Microbiota Composition in Dairy Cows with Simple Indigestion and Healthy Cows. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2673. [PMID: 38004685 PMCID: PMC10672840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple indigestion in cows leads to substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. Despite ongoing efforts, an effective treatment for this issue remains elusive. Previous studies have emphasized the vital role of rumen microbes in maintaining ruminant health. To deepen our comprehension of the intricate interplay between rumen microbiota and simple indigestion, we undertook a study involving the analysis of rumen fluid from eight cows with simple indigestion and ten healthy cows. Additionally, we collected data pertaining to milk production, rumination behavior, and rumen characteristics. The results showed that cows with simple indigestion displayed significantly lower milk yield, reduced rumination duration, and weakened rumen contraction when contrasted with the healthy cows (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in microbiota α-diversity emerged (p > 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) illuminated substantial variations in rumen microbial structure among the two groups (p < 0.05). Further analysis spotlighted distinctive bacteria in the rumen of the cows with indigestion, including Allisonella, Synergistes, Megasphaera, Clostridium_XIVb, Campylobacter, and Acidaminococcus. In contrast, Coraliomargarita, Syntrophococcus, and Coprococcus are the dominant bacterial genera in the rumen of healthy dairy cows. Importantly, these key bacterial genera also dominated the overarching microbial interaction network. The observation suggests that changes in the abundance of these dominant bacterial genera potentially underlie the principal etiology of cows with simple indigestion. The present findings can provide insights into simple indigestion prevention and treatment in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.W.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (J.X.); (W.D.); (S.L.)
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Abdelsattar MM, Zhao W, Saleem AM, Kholif AE, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Zhang N. Physical, Metabolic, and Microbial Rumen Development in Goat Kids: A Review on the Challenges and Strategies of Early Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2420. [PMID: 37570229 PMCID: PMC10417166 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive system of newborn ruminant functions is similar to monogastric animals, and therefore milk flows into the abomasum instead of rumen for digestion. The rumen undergoes tremendous changes over time in terms of structure, function, and microbiome. These changes contribute to the smooth transition from the dependence on liquid diets to solid diets. Goat kids are usually separated at early ages from their dams in commercial intensive systems. The separation from dams minimizes the transfer of microbiota from dams to newborns. In this review, understanding how weaning times and methodologies could affect the normal development and growth of newborn goats may facilitate the development of new feeding strategies to control stress in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.M.A.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.M.A.); (W.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Atef M. Saleem
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Kholif
- Department of Dairy Science, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK;
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico R. Aldama Km 1, Chihuahua 31031, Mexico
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.M.A.); (W.Z.)
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Tang C, Yuan J, Luo C, Li D, Xie T, Sun X, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Guo C, Cao Z, Li S, Wang W. Medium chain fatty acid supplementation improves animal metabolic and immune status during the transition period: A study on dairy cattle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1018867. [PMID: 36776875 PMCID: PMC9911908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1018867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition period is the stage of the high incidence of metabolic and infectious diseases in dairy cows. Improving transition dairy cows' health is crucial for the industry. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on immune function, metabolic status, performance of transition dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows randomly assigned to two treatments at 35 d before calving. 1) CON (fed the basal 2) MCFA treatment (basal diet was supplemented at an additional 20 g MCFAs mixture every day) until 70 d after calving. The results showed that the serum amyloid A myeloperoxidase concentrations in the blood of cows in MCFA treatment significantly decreased during the early lactation (from 1 d to 28 d after calving) 0.03, 0.04, respectively) compared with the CON, while the tumor necrosis factor concentration was significantly decreased at 56 d after calving (P = 0.02). In addition, the concentration of insulin in the pre-calving (from 21 d before calving to calving) blood of cows in MCFA treatment was significantly decreased (P = 0.04), and concentration of triglyceride also showed a downward trend at 28 d after calving 0.07). Meanwhile, MCFAs supplementation significantly decreased the concentrations of lithocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and hyocholic acid in the blood at 1 d calving (P = 0.02, < 0.01, < 0.01, respectively), and the level of hyocholic acid taurocholic acid concentrations (P < 0.01, = 0.01, respectively) decreased dramatically at 14 d after calving. However, compared with the CON, the pre-calving dry matter intake and the early lactation milk yield in MCFA treatment were significantly decreased (P = 0.05, 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, MCFAs supplementation transition diet could improve the immune function and metabolic status of dairy cows, and the health of transition cows might be beneficial from the endocrine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlan Tang
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wei Wang,
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Zhang X, Cheng C, Lv J, Bai H, Sun F, Liu C, Liu C, Zhang Y, Xin H. Effects of waste milk feeding on rumen fermentation and bacterial community of pre-weaned and post-weaned dairy calves. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1063523. [PMID: 36726559 PMCID: PMC9885116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of waste milk with antibiotic residue on rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial composition of dairy calves during pre-weaned and post-weaned periods. A total of 24 Holstein male calves (43.4 ± 0.93 kg body weight, mean ± standard error) were allocated into four blocks based on birth date. Dairy calves were supplied 100% milk replacer (MR, n = 8), 50% milk replacer mixed with 50% waste milk (MM, n = 8), or 100% waste milk (WM, n = 8). Ruminal samples were collected at 49 and 63 days of age and then subjected to determinations of pH value, volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results showed that feeding WM had no effect on the pH value, the concentrations of VFA (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid), and NH3-N in dairy calves compared to feeding MR. However, from 49 to 63 days of age, the pH value (p < 0.001) was significantly increased, while the levels of total VFA (p = 0.004), acetic acid (p = 0.01), propionic acid (p = 0.003) and valeric acid (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased. For rumen microorganisms, there was no differences in bacterial diversity among the treatments. But the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae was significantly lower (p = 0.05) in the calves fed WM than that from MR group at 49 days of age; however, no difference was detected at 63 days of age. Feeding WM to calves tended to reduce family Veillonellaceae and genus Olsenella in the rumen at 49 days of age (p = 0.049). Analysis of temporal changes in rumen bacteria based on alpha-diversity and beta-diversity as well as the microbial relative abundances did not exhibit any difference. In addition, relative abundances of Clostridia_UCG-014, Prevotella, Syntrophococcus, Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Pseudoramibacter and Solobacterium were correlated with rumen pH value and the concentrations of TVFA, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid and NH3-N. In conclusion, compare to MR, calves supplied with WM had little changes on the rumen pH value, NH3-N or VFAs contents. Additionally, limited effects could be found on rumen microbiota in the calves fed WM. However, further studies needed to explore if there exist any long-term effects of early-life rumen microbiota modulation on dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanteng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyi Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haixin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chundong Liu
- Harbin Wondersun the Cow Feeds the Reproduction Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hangshu Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Hangshu Xin, ✉
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8
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Xie T, Kong F, Wang W, Wang Y, Yang H, Cao Z, Li S. In vitro and in vivo Studies of Soybean Peptides on Milk Production, Rumen Fermentation, Ruminal Bacterial Community, and Blood Parameters in Lactating Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:911958. [PMID: 36032283 PMCID: PMC9403479 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.911958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean peptides (SPs), a feed additive derived from soybean, exhibit nutritional function and biological activity in monogastric animals, but limited studies have been conducted in dairy cows. Our experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of SPs on the nutrient degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in vitro and milk production, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and blood parameters of dairy cows. For in vitro experiment, ruminal fluids were collected from three ruminal cannulated Holstein dairy cows. A total of three levels of SPs (0, 0.38, and 1.92 g/kg DM of SPs) were added to the total mixed ration (TMR). Nutrient degradability and fermentation fluid pH were determined at 24 and 48 h using 3.0 g samples of the substrate. Gas production after 48 h was recorded by an automated trace gas recording system using 0.5 g samples of the substrate. The results showed that DM, NDF, ADF (p < 0.01), and CP (p < 0.05) degradabilities were significantly increased at 1.92 g/kg DM of SPs at 24 h, and asymptotic gas production (p = 0.05) was increased at 48 h. For in vivo experiment, 110 lactating Holstein cows (209.7 ± 65.2 DIM; 37.2 ± 6.4 kg/d milk yield) were randomly assigned to 0 (control group, CON) or 50 g/head/day SPs (SP-supplemented group). Yields of milk (p < 0.05), milk protein (p < 0.05), and milk lactose (0.05 < p < 0.10) increased on SPs supplementation; however, the milk fat percentage decreased (p < 0.05). The concentrations of individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (p < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.01) were also increased. Rumen bacterial diversity in SP-supplemented cows was higher (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Butyrivibrio, Selenomonas, and Shuttleworthia were significantly increased and that of Coprococcus was decreased (p < 0.05). Our results showed that supplementing 1.92 g/kg DM of SPs could improve the nutrient degradability in vitro and 50 g/head/day of SPs could improve milk production and antioxidant ability of dairy cows. The rumen bacterial diversity was also enhanced by SP supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhan M, Wang A, Yao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Fu X, Zhou J, Pei E, Wang L. An amateur gut microbial configuration formed in giant panda for striving to digest cellulose in bamboo: Systematic evidence from intestinal digestive enzymes, functional genes and microbial structures. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:926515. [PMID: 35958139 PMCID: PMC9363027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.926515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant panda has been considered to maximize nutritional intake including protein and soluble carbohydrates in bamboo, but it has spent almost entire life with the high-cellulose diet. Whether giant panda is still helpless about digesting bamboo cellulose or not is always contentious among many researchers around the world. The work has systematically clarified this issue from the perspectives of digestive enzymes, functional genes, and microbial structures in giant panda gut. The intestinal cellulase activities of panda increase with bamboo consumption, performing that the endoglucanase activity of adults reaches 10-fold that of pandas first consuming bamboo. More abundance and types of microbial endoglucanase genes occur in bamboo-diet giant panda gut, and the corresponding GH5 gene cluster is still efficiently transcribed. Gut microbes possessing cellulose-degrading genes, belong to the phylum Firmicutes and some Bacteroidetes, but their structural and functional configurations are insufficient to completely degrade cellulose. Therefore, giant panda is striving to digest cellulose in bamboo, but this adaptation is incomplete. This is probably related to the short straight carnivore-like gut structure of the giant panda, preventing the colonization of some efficient functional but anaerobic-preferred flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Zhan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Yingmin Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | | | - Xiaohua Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang,
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10
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Li J, Lian H, Zheng A, Zhang J, Dai P, Niu Y, Gao T, Li M, Zhang L, Fu T. Effects of Different Roughages on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Ruminal Fermentation, and Microbial Community in Weaned Holstein Calves. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:864320. [PMID: 35903131 PMCID: PMC9315432 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.864320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of feeding with different forage sources and starter concentrations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and the microbial community in weaned Holstein calves. A total of 54 Holstein calves (body weight (BW) = 77.50 ± 5.07 kg; age = 70 ± 2.54 days) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (n = 18/group) that were offered diets with different forages: (1) peanut vine (PV), (2) oat hay (OH), or (3) an alfalfa hay + oat hay combination (alfalfa hay:oat hay =1:1, AO). Starter and forage intakes were recorded daily, while BW and growth parameters were assessed at 15-day intervals. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was determined. Ruminal fluid samples were collected and used to detect relevant indicators. A difference was observed for the forage × age interaction for all feed, nutrient intake, BW, ADG, and body structure parameters (P < 0.05). The final BW, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and average daily gain of the PV calves were higher than those of calves from the other groups (P < 0.05). The ruminal propionate concentration evidently increased in calves of the AO group (P < 0.05). The abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Shuttleworthia showed distinct responses to feeding with different forages (P < 0.05) at the genus level. The relative abundance of Shuttleworthia was negatively related to rumen pH and acid detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05) and strongly positively related to propionate concentration (P < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between Ruminococcus_1 abundance and butyrate concentration and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Prevotella_7 were negatively related to butyrate concentration (P < 0.05). In conclusion, there was an interaction between the factors (forage × age). The peanut vine used as a forage source promoted a higher starter concentrate intake compared to other diets and increased with the calves' age. The growth performance and rumen bacterial community of the calves were further improved. These results indicate that peanut vine can be used as the main source of forage in the diets of weaned calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Lian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Airong Zheng
- Henan Forage Feeding Technology Extension Station, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangfan Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Dai
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Henan Forage Feeding Technology Extension Station, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liyang Zhang
| | - Tong Fu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tong Fu
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11
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Kong F, Zhang Y, Wang S, Cao Z, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang W, Lu N, Li S. Acremonium terricola Culture’s Dose–Response Effects on Lactational Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Ruminal Characteristics in Holstein Dairy Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010175. [PMID: 35052679 PMCID: PMC8772898 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) has similar bioactive constituents to Cordyceps and is known for its nutrient and pharmacological value, indicating the potential of ATC as a new feed additive in dairy cow feeding. The primary aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of increasing amounts of ATC in diets on milk performance, antioxidant capacity, and rumen fermentation, and the secondary aim was to evaluate the potential effects of high doses of ATC. A total of 60 multiparous Holstein cows (110 ± 21 days in milk; 2.53 ± 0.82 parity) were assigned into 15 blocks and randomly assigned to one of four groups: 0, 30, 60, or 300 g/d of ATC per cow for 97 days. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in the Mixed procedure. Dry-matter intake was not changed (p > 0.05), while energy-corrected milk and fat-corrected milk yields increased linearly and quadratically, and somatic cell count in milk decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.05). The lactation efficiency and the yields of milk fat and protein increased linearly (p < 0.05). On day 90, serum catalase level, total oxidative capacity, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M concentrations were significantly higher in the 60 and 300 g/d groups than in the 0 g/d group (p < 0.05). ATC addition showed linear effects on total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, branched VFA concentrations, and rumen pH (p < 0.05). Supplementing 60 and 300 g/d ATC significantly affected the bacterial composition (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R–7_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were significantly increased by 60 g/d supplementation, and the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_002, Acetitomaculum, Olsenella, and Syntrophococcus were significantly increased by 300 g/d supplementation (p < 0.05). ATC was effective in enhancing rumen fermentation and reducing somatic cell count in milk, thereby improving milk yield. The optimized dose of ATC was 60 g/d for lactating cows, and there were no risks associated with high doses of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Kong
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Zan Cao
- Microbial Biological Engineering Company Limited, Fanhua Road Jingkai District, Hefei 230009, China;
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Beijing JingWa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Mishan Road, Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zixiao Zhang
- Beijing JingWa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Mishan Road, Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Na Lu
- Beijing JingWa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Mishan Road, Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shengli Li
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (S.L.)
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12
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Wang S, Chai J, Zhao G, Zhang N, Cui K, Bi Y, Ma T, Tu Y, Diao Q. The Temporal Dynamics of Rumen Microbiota in Early Weaned Lambs. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010144. [PMID: 35056593 PMCID: PMC8779368 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning affects the development of ruminal bacteria in lambs during early life. However, the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota in early weaned lambs is unknown compared to conventionally weaned lambs. In this study, one group was reared with their dams (control, CON) and conventionally weaned at 49 days (d), while the other lambs were weaned at 21 d (early weaning, EW) using starter. Rumen microbial samples collected at 26, 35, and 63 d were used for next-generation sequencing. Here, we found that the abundance and diversity of rumen microbiota in EW were significantly lower at 26 and 35 d than the CON. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to identify the signature microbiota for EW at these three ages. At 26 d, Prevotella 7, Syntrophococcus, Sharpea, Dialister, Pseudoscardovia, and Megasphaera in the rumen of the EW group had greater relative abundances. At 35 d, the Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group was enriched in CON. On 63 d, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002 was abundant in EW. Syntrophococcus and Megaspheaera in EW lambs were abundant at 26 and 35 d, but kept similar to CON at 63 d. The relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002 at all-time points was consistently higher in the EW group. In conclusion, early weaning led to a significant decrease in rumen microbiota richness and diversity in the short term. The changes in rumen microbiota are associated with the persistence of weaning stress. The temporal dynamics of relative abundances of Syntrophococcus, Megasphaera, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 reflect the weaning stress over a short period and rumen recovery after early weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Jianmin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Guohong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yanliang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (J.C.); (G.Z.); (N.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.B.); (T.M.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-8210-6055
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