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Ruampatana J, Suwimonteerabutr J, Homyog K, Mekboonsonglarp W, Kanjanavaikoon K, der Veken WV, Poonyachoti S, Feyera T, Settachaimongkon S, Nuntapaitoon M. Clostridium butyricum Probiotic Feed Additive: Modulation of Sow Milk Metabolomics and Mitigation of Pre-Weaning Piglet Diarrhea. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2098. [PMID: 39061560 PMCID: PMC11273528 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of Clostridium butyricum probiotic feed additive on sow and piglet performances, together with alterations in the lipidomic and metabolomic profiles of sow milk. Sixty-four Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows and 794 piglets were included. Sows were divided into two groups; i.e., (i) conventional gestation diet (control; n = 35) and (ii) conventional diet added with 10 g/sow/day of probiotic C. butyricum spores (treatment; n = 29) from one week before the estimated farrowing day until weaning (29.6 ± 4.8 days). The sow and piglet performances and incidence of piglet diarrhea were recorded. Changes in gross chemical composition, fatty acid and non-volatile polar metabolite profiles of sow colostrum, transient milk and mature milk were evaluated. The results showed that relative backfat loss in the treatment group (-2.3%) was significantly lower than in control group (11.6%), especially in primiparous sows (p = 0.019). The application of C. butyricum probiotics in sows significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea in piglets (p < 0.001) but no other effect on piglet performance was found. Lipidomic and metabolomic analyses revealed variations in sow colostrum and milk biomolecular profiles, with indicative compounds significantly altered by feeding with the C. butyricum probiotics. In conclusion, the use of C. butyricum probiotics in sows may improve sow body condition and reduce diarrhea incidence in piglets, with underlying changes in milk composition that warrant further investigation. These findings support the potential of C. butyricum as a beneficial feed additive in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakavat Ruampatana
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.R.)
| | - Junpen Suwimonteerabutr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kunaporn Homyog
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Wanwimon Mekboonsonglarp
- Scientific and Technological Research Equipment Center (STREC), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sutthasinee Poonyachoti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Takele Feyera
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU-Viborg, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Sarn Settachaimongkon
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Morakot Nuntapaitoon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Bottegal DN, Latorre MÁ, Lobón S, Verdú M, Álvarez-Rodríguez J. Fattening Pigs with Tannin-Rich Source ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) and High Doses of Vitamin E: Effects on Growth Performance, Economics, Digestibility, Physiology, and Behaviour. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1855. [PMID: 38997967 PMCID: PMC11240671 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact on growth, economic results, apparent nutrient digestibility (CTTAD), physiological variables, and animal behaviour when 214 fattening pigs (78 ± 8.5 kg of initial body weight and 130 ± 4.5 days of age) of both sexes (gilts and boars) were fed two levels of carob pulp (Cp, 0 vs. 20%) and two doses of vitamin E (Vit E, 30 vs. 300 IU/kg) for 40 days. No interaction effects between factors studied (Cp, Vit E, and sex) were observed on the variables. Most productive traits were unaffected by Cp or Vit E inclusion. However, the Cp increased the feed conversion ratio during the first 20 days. The Cp group showed a higher CTTAD of ether extract and hemicellulose but lower CTTAD of crude protein. Pigs fed Cp had a lower plasmatic urea content than the control group. The high Vit E doses increased the CTTAD of every nutrient and the plasmatic α-tocopherol content. The pigs fed Cp tended to spend more time eating in the early morning, likely to mitigate tannins' astringent effects. Dietary inclusion of 20% Cp in finishing high-conformation pigs is possible without affecting overall performance though it reduces nutrient CTTAD and increases feeding cost. Supra-nutritional doses of Vit E do not affect pig performance but increase the α-tocopherol deposition with potential antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Nicolas Bottegal
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.N.B.); (J.Á.-R.)
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Rivadavia 1439, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1033AAE, Argentina
| | - María Ángeles Latorre
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, CITA—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Sandra Lobón
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, CITA—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marçal Verdú
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Industry, BonÀrea Agrupa, 25210 Guissona, Spain;
| | - Javier Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.N.B.); (J.Á.-R.)
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Tang X. Probiotic Roles of Clostridium butyricum in Piglets: Considering Aspects of Intestinal Barrier Function. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1069. [PMID: 38612308 PMCID: PMC11010893 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
China, as the global leader in pork production and consumption, is faced with challenges in ensuring sustainable and wholesome growth of the pig industry while also guaranteeing meat food safety amidst the ban on antibiotics usage in animal feed. The focus of the pig industry lies in guaranteeing piglet health and enhancing overall production performance through nutrition regulation. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a new type of probiotic, possesses characteristics such as heat resistance, acid resistance, and bile-salt tolerance, meaning it has potential as a feed additive. Previous studies have demonstrated that C. butyricum has a probiotic effect on piglets and can serve as a substitute for antibiotics. The objective of this study was to review the probiotic role of C. butyricum in the production of piglets, specifically focusing on intestinal barrier function. Through this review, we explored the probiotic effects of C. butyricum on piglets from the perspective of intestinal health. That is, C. butyricum promotes intestinal health by regulating the functions of the mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and microbial barrier of piglets, thereby improving the growth of piglets. This review can provide a reference for the rational utilization and application of C. butyricum in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Cao L, Liu Z, Yu Y, Liang Q, Wei X, Sun H, Fang Y, Zhu C, Kong Q, Fu X, Mou H. Butyrogenic effect of galactosyl and mannosyl carbohydrates and their regulation on piglet intestinal microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1903-1916. [PMID: 36795139 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhea is a global problem that causes economic losses in the pig industry. There is a growing attention on finding new alternatives to antibiotics to solve this problem. Hence, this study aimed to compare the prebiotic activity of low-molecular-weight hydrolyzed guar gum (GMPS) with commercial manno-oligosaccharide (MOS) and galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS). We further identified their combined effects along with probiotic Clostridium butyricum on regulating the intestinal microbiota of diarrheal piglet by in vitro fermentation. All the tested non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) showed favorable short-chain fatty acid-producing activity, and GOS and GMPS showed the highest production of lactate and butyrate, respectively. After 48 h of fermentation, the greatest enhancement in the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 was observed with the combination of GMPS and C. butyricum. Notably, all the selected NDCs significantly decreased the abundances of pathogenic bacteria genera Escherichia-Shigella and Fusobacterium and reduced the production of potentially toxic metabolites, including ammonia nitrogen, indole, and skatole. These findings demonstrated that by associating with the chemical structure, GMPS exhibited butyrogenic effects in stimulating the proliferation of C. butyricum. Thus, our results provided a theoretical foundation for further application of galactosyl and mannosyl NDCs in the livestock industry. KEY POINTS: • Galactosyl and mannosyl NDCs showed selective prebiotic effects. • GMPS, GOS, and MOS reduced pathogenic bacteria and toxic metabolites production. • GMPS specifically enhanced the Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and butyrate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtao Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Effects of dietary supplementation with purple garlic powder and oregano essential oil on intestinal health in post-weaning piglets from commercial farms. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:901-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work studied the effects of the inclusion of Purple Garlic Powder (PGP) and Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) in the feed, at different doses and combinations, on intestinal health and the growth performance of 140 and 3000 piglets, respectively, weaned at 21 days of age. Seven dietary treatments were used: a negative control group (basal diet), a positive control group with ZnO (3000 mg/Kg of feed), two groups with OEO at 0.4% and 1.2% respectively, two groups with PGP at 0.4% and 2% respectively and one group with OEO at 1.2% combined with PGP at 2%. Only the positive control group received ZnO in the diet. Each group of piglets received the treatment for seven weeks, from weaning, and were later sacrificed to obtain jejunum and ileum samples for counting of goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and IgA-producing cells. The growth performance were measured at the beginning and at the end of the seven weeks. In jejunum and ileum, the number of goblet cells increased in the groups with ZnO, PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and PGP 2% + OEO 1.2%, presenting significant differences with the rest of the groups. The results obtained for the intraepithelial lymphocyte count were in line with those obtained for the count of goblet cells. Regarding IgA-producing cells, the groups that showed significantly favourable results in the jejunum and ileum were OEO 1.2%, PGP 2% and their combination, but the groups that showed the most similar means to ZnO were the OEO 0.4% and the PGP 0.4%. Regarding the growth performance, PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and their combination had similar results to ZnO. The intestinal health of piglets could be improved, without harming the growth performance, by means of the supplementation of PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and PGP 2% + OEO 1.2% offering a natural alternative to the use of ZnO.
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Ye XX, Li KY, Li YF, Lu JN, Guo PT, Liu HY, Zhou LW, Xue SS, Huang CY, Fang SM, Gan QF. The effects of Clostridium butyricum on Ira rabbit growth performance, cecal microbiota and plasma metabolome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:974337. [PMID: 36246250 PMCID: PMC9563143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.974337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) can provide many benefits for animals’ growth performance and gut health. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. butyricum on the growth performance, cecal microbiota, and plasma metabolome in Ira rabbits. A total of 216 Ira rabbits at 32 days of age were randomly assigned to four treatments supplemented with basal diets containing 0 (CG), 200 (LC), 400 (MC), and 600 mg/kg (HC) C. butyricum for 35 days, respectively. In comparison with the CG group, C. butyricum supplementation significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) at 53 and 67 days of age (P < 0.05) and digestibilities of crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) at 67 days of age (P < 0.05). The cellulase activity in the HC group was higher respectively by 50.14 and 90.13% at 53 and 67 days of age, than those in the CG groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, at 67 days of age, the diet supplemented with C. butyricum significantly increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentrations of different metabolites, such as amino acids and purine, were significantly altered by C. butyricum (P < 0.05). In addition, 10 different genera were highly correlated with 52 different metabolites at 53-day-old and 6 different genera were highly correlated with 18 different metabolites at 67-day-old Ira rabbits. These findings indicated that the C. butyricum supplementation could significantly improve the growth performance by modifying the cecal microbiota structure and plasma metabolome of weaned Ira rabbits.
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