1
|
Neef A, Nath BK, Das T, Luque D, Forwood JK, Raidal SR, Das S. Recombinantly expressed virus-like particles (VLPs) of canine circovirus for development of an indirect ELISA. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1121-1133. [PMID: 38163840 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging pathogen in domestic dogs, detected in multiple countries in association with varying clinical and pathological presentations including diarrhoea, vasculitis, granulomatous inflammation, and respiratory signs. Understanding the pathology of CanineCV is confounded by the fact that it has been detected in asymptomatic dogs as well as in diseased dogs concurrently infected with known pathogens. Recombinantly expressed self-assembling Virus-like particles (VLPs) lack viral genomic material but imitate the capsid surface conformations of wild type virion, allowing arrays of biological applications including subunit vaccine development and immunodiagnostics. In this study, full length CanineCV capsid gene was expressed in Escherichia coli followed by two-step purification process to yield soluble capsid protein in high concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the capsid antigen self-assembled into 17-20 nm VLPs in glutathione S-transferase (GST) buffer, later utilised to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The respective sensitivity and specificity of the proposed iELISA were 94.10% and 88.40% compared with those obtained from Western blot. The mean OD450 value for western blot positive samples was 1.22 (range 0.12-3.39) and negative samples was 0.21 (range 0.07-0.41). An optimal OD450 cut-off of 0.35 was determined by ROC curve analysis. Median inter-assay and intra-assay validation revealed that the iELISA test results were reproducible with coefficients of variation 7.70 (range 5.6-11.9) and 4.21 (range 1.2-7.4). Our results demonstrated that VLP-based iELISA is a highly sensitive method for serological diagnosis of CanineCV infections in dogs, suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Neef
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Babu Kanti Nath
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Daniel Luque
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cardoso BTM, de Deus DR, Sousa EC, Pinheiro KDC, da Costa JN, Maués MAC, Mesquita MJDF, Teixeira DM, Siqueira JAM, Resque HR, Gabbay YB, da Silva LD. Molecular analysis of canine circovirus in dogs from animal shelters in Belém, Pará, northern Brazil: first detection at the amazon region. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2023; 45:e000723. [PMID: 37859867 PMCID: PMC10583600 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The canine circovirus (CanCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that has become an important emerging virus associated with gastroenteritis in dogs worldwide. In the present study, the CanCV was detected by PCR in 15% (22/147) of dogs from animal shelters in Belém, between 2019 and 2020. We observed an association between the CanCV infection and the presence of diarrhea in animals younger than one year of age (p > 0.01). The Brazilian strains were grouped in Chinese genotypes, with 99.54 to 100% nucleotilde homology. The GMRF Bayesian Skyride used the molecular clock model, which was the best suited technique to plot the dataset. The most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated in 2017, with the evolution rate of 1.6 x 10-3 s/s/y. The viral family diversity was also investigated, with emphasis on the families of the enteric pathogenic viruses Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae and Astroviridae, which were detected in the CanCV positive pooled samples. This study highlights the importance of the CanCV as an emergent virus that causes diarrhea in Brazilian dogs. The results found herein contribute to the understanding of the role of CanCV in enteric diseases and in the evolutionary molecular characterization of the circulating genotypes. Furthermore, we increased the understanding of the fecal virome in dogs with diarrhea, providing data for the monitoring and prevention viral gastroenteric diseases in domestic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Trindade Moreira Cardoso
- Biomedical Scientist, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia (PPGBPA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Rodrigues de Deus
- Biologist, MSc., Programa de Pós-graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Edivaldo Costa Sousa
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Kenny da Costa Pinheiro
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Jonaia Novaes da Costa
- Biomedical Scientist, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia (PPGBPA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Dielle Monteiro Teixeira
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Hugo Reis Resque
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv ZH, Lian CY, Li CL, Chui WT, Yao XY, Shao JW, Zhang XL. Epidemiology and genotypic diversity of canine circovirus identified in pet dogs in Harbin, China. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106978. [PMID: 37414268 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that circulates in dogs and wild carnivores around the world. It has been suggested to be associated with diseases of respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, though its pathogenic potential remains unclear. Currently, CanineCV is divided into six genotypes (genotype 1-6), and genotypes 2, 3, and 4 have been described in China. In this study, 359 blood samples from pet dogs with or without clinical signs were collected in Harbin city. After PCR screening, a total of 34 samples were tested positive for CanineCV, and nine full-length genome sequences were recovered from positive samples. Pairwise sequence comparison showed that they shared 82.4-99.3% genome-wide identity with other CanineCVs available in GenBank. Additionally, recombination events were detected, all of which were determined to be associated with sequences obtained in China. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree based on the recombination-free complete genome sequences revealed that the complete genome sequences generated herein were clustered into genotypes 1 and 3. Furthermore, purifying selection was the dominant evolutionary pressure acting on the genomes of CanineCV. These results expand the knowledge about the genetic diversity of CanineCV circulating in China, and also promote us to better understand the evolution of CanineCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Lv
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chang-Le Li
- Dezhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Chui
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Qinghai province, China
| | - Xin-Yan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Shao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao X, Li YC, Xu FP, Hao X, Li S, Zhou P. Canine circovirus among dogs and cats in China: first identification in cats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1252272. [PMID: 37711694 PMCID: PMC10498457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a virus associated with respiratory and digestive diseases in dogs and often occurs in coinfections with other pathogens, thereby aggravating the symptoms of infected dogs. CanineCV was first reported in the United States in 2012. Subsequently, it was reported among dogs in Europe, Asia, and South America. To investigate the prevalence of CanineCV in dogs in China, 331 dog samples were collected in this study. The PCR results showed that 9.06% (30/331, 95% CI = 6.2% ~ 12.7%) of the dog samples were CanineCV positive. CanineCV has also been detected in some carnivorous wild animals, indicating the potential risk of cross-species transmission of this virus. And, cats are also one of the most common pets in our daily lives, who is close contact with dogs. Thus, this study first investigated the prevalence of CanineCV in cats. The PCR results showed that 3.42% (14/409, 95% CI = 1.9% ~ 5.7%) of the cat samples were CanineCV positive. Moreover, 14 canine-derived CanineCV whole genomes and the first cat-derived CanineCV whole genome were obtained in this study. Rep and Cap are the major nonstructural proteins and structural proteins of CanineCV, respectively. In nucleic acid homology analyses, these 15 CanineCV strains showed a high degree of variation in Rep (85.9 ~ 99%) and Cap (85.6 ~ 100%). In phylogenetic analyses, the 15 CanineCV strains clustered into 3 different genotypes (genotypes 1, 3, and 4). Among them, the first cat-derived CanineCV belonged to CanineCV-3. In addition, 4 genetic recombination events were predicted in these 15 CanineCV strains, occurring in multiple regions of the genome. In conclusion, this study is the first to provide evidence of CanineCV infection in cats and successfully obtained the first whole genome of cat-derived CanineCV. The complex circulation and high prevalence of CanineCV among dogs and cats emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of this virus in various animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Pei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangqi Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vasinioti VI, Pellegrini F, Buonavoglia A, Capozza P, Cardone R, Diakoudi G, Desario C, Catella C, Vicenza T, Lucente MS, Di Martino B, Camero M, Elia G, Decaro N, Martella V, Lanave G. Investigating the genetic diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in cats identifies a novel feline circovirus and unveils exposure of cats to canine circovirus. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:86-95. [PMID: 37327693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses include Circoviruses which have been found in several animal species and in human specimens. Circoviruses are associated with severe disease in pigs and birds and with respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and systemic disease in dogs. In cats there are only a few anecdotical studies reporting CRESS DNA viruses. In this study, a total of 530 samples (361 sera, 131 stools, and 38 respiratory swabs) from cats, were screened for the presence of CRESS DNA viruses. Overall, 48 (9.0%) of 530 samples tested positive using a pan-Rep PCR. A total of 30 Rep sequences were obtained. Ten sequences of fecal origin were tightly related to each other (82.4-100% nt identity) and more distantly related to mongoose circoviruses (68.3 to 77.2% nt identity). At genome level these circoviruses displayed the highest nt identity (74.3-78.7%) to mongoose circoviruses thus representing a novel circovirus species. Circoviruses from different animal hosts (n = 12) and from humans (n = 8) were also identified. However, six Rep sequences were obtained from serum samples, including canine circoviruses, a human cyclovirus and human and fish-associated CRESS DNA viruses. The presence of these viruses in the sera would imply, to various extent, virus replication in the animal host, able to sustain viremia. Overall, these findings indicate a wide genetic diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in cats and warrant further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Iris Vasinioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Vicenza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, SP18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gomez-Betancur D, Rendon-Marin S, Giraldo-Ramírez S, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. Canine circovirus genomic characterization in dogs with and without diarrheal syndrome in Medellín, Colombia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1204214. [PMID: 37470068 PMCID: PMC10352771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1204214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging agent described for the first time in 2011, it infects domestic and wild canids, mainly associated with gastrointestinal signs; however, it has also been reported in samples obtained from animals without clinical signs, so its pathogenesis and epidemiology are still poorly understood. In Colombia, the CanineCV was first reported in 2020 from CPV-2 positive dogs. In the present work, CanineCV was detected in 30% of fecal samples obtained from dogs with or without diarrhea, in the city of Medellín, Colombia. No coinfection with CPV-2 was found. The highest number of positive samples was found in the subgroup of animals with diarrhea. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses confirmed the separation of the CanineCV genomes into five different clades with a European origin of the Colombian viruses and at least two different introductions of the CanineCV into the country. Our results highlight the importance of the CanineCV in Colombian dog populations and the need for continue surveillance of emerging pathogens in canine populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomez-Betancur
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Sebastian Giraldo-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Sede Bogotá, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Desario C, Odigie AE, Madubuike KG, Lucente MS, Ezeifeka CA, Patruno G, Lorusso E, Elia G, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Detection of Selected Canine Viruses in Nigerian Free-Ranging Dogs Traded for Meat Consumption. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061119. [PMID: 36978659 PMCID: PMC10044693 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal trade favors the spreading of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Concerns have been previously expressed regarding the risks of dog trade in spreading zoonotic pathogens in Nigeria. However, the role of these dogs in disseminating highly pathogenic canine viruses has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to identify selected canine viruses in dogs traded for meat consumption in Nigeria. A total of 100 blood samples were screened for carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), canine adenovirus 1/2 (CAdV-1/2), canine circovirus (CaCV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) by using real-time PCR and conventional PCR and/or sequencing. CPPV-1 DNA was identified in 83% of canine samples while CaCV DNA and CDV RNA were detected in 14% and 17% of the dog samples, respectively. None of the dogs tested positive for CAdV-1/2. The CaCVs identified in this study clustered along with other European, Asian, and American strains. Moreover, CDV strains identified in Nigeria clustered in a separate lineage with the closest genetic relatedness to the Europe-South America-1 clade. Further surveys prior to and after arrival of dogs at the slaughtering points are required to clarify the real virus burden in these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Amienwanlen E Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Kelechi G Madubuike
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Chukwuemeka A Ezeifeka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gomez-Betancur D, Vargas-Bermudez DS, Giraldo-Ramírez S, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. Canine circovirus: An emerging or an endemic undiagnosed enteritis virus? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1150636. [PMID: 37138920 PMCID: PMC10150634 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1150636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) belongs to the family Circoviridae. It is an emerging virus described for the first time in 2011; since then, it has been detected in different countries and can be defined as worldwide distribution virus. CanineCV infects domestic and wild canids and is mainly related to hemorrhagic enteritis in canines. However, it has been identified in fecal samples from apparently healthy animals, where in most cases it is found in coinfection with other viral agents such as the canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV). The estimated prevalence/frequency of CanineCV has been variable in the populations and countries where it has been evaluated, reaching from 1 to 30%, and there are still many concepts to define the epidemiological characteristics of the virus. The molecular characterization and phylo-evolutive analyses that allow to postulate the wild origin and intercontinental distribution of the virus. This review focuses on the importance on continuing research and establish surveillance systems for this emerging virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomez-Betancur
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diana S. Vargas-Bermudez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Centro de investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sebastian Giraldo-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Centro de investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Julian Ruiz-Saenz,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Faraji R, Sadeghi M, Mozhgani SH, Vasinioti V, Ndiana LA, Desario C, Beikpour F, Decaro N. Detection of canine circovirus in dogs infected with canine parvovirus. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106646. [PMID: 35952924 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the first detection of canine circovirus (CanineCV), several reports have been published over the last decade about the worldwide distribution of this emerging virus of dogs. In order to investigate the prevalence and genomic features of CanineCV in Iranian dogs, a total of 203 dog faecal samples was collected between February and November 2018 from five different geographical regions and screened by real-time PCR (qPCR). Thirteen dogs (6.4%) tested positive for CanineCV DNA, all being detected in co-infections with the highly virulent canine parvovirus (CPV). Three partial replicase nucleotide sequences of the detected CanineCV strains were obtained and compared with the reference sequences deposited in the GenBank database. The Iranian CanineCV sequences had a nucleotide identity of 96.4-98.2% each to other and of 88.3-98.2% with other sequences available on the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Iranian sequences are more closely related to Turkish strains than to strains reported from other countries. The present study provides new insights into the CanineCV molecular epidemiology and its possible role as a co-infectious pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Faraji
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Farzad Beikpour
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hao X, Li Y, Chen H, Chen B, Liu R, Wu Y, Xiao X, Zhou P, Li S. Canine Circovirus Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response and Protein Expression but Promotes CPV-2 Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126382. [PMID: 35742826 PMCID: PMC9224199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus in canines. Since the first strain of CanineCV was reported in 2012, CanineCV infection has shown a trend toward becoming a global epidemic. CanineCV infection often occurs with coinfection with other pathogens that may aggravate the symptoms of disease in affected dogs. Currently, CanineCV has not been successfully isolated by laboratories, resulting in a lack of clarity regarding its physicochemical properties, replication process, and pathogenic characteristics. To address this knowledge gap, the following results were obtained in this study. First, a CanineCV strain was rescued in F81 cells using infectious clone plasmids. Second, the Rep protein produced by the viral packaging rescue process was found to be associated with cytopathic effects. Additionally, the Rep protein and CanineCV inhibited the activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) promoter, blocking subsequent expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, Rep was found to broadly inhibit host protein expression. We speculate that in CanineCV and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) coinfection cases, CanineCV promotes CPV-2 replication by inducing immunosuppression, which may increase the severity of clinical symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanchao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yidan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fanelli A, Pellegrini F, Camero M, Catella C, Buonavoglia D, Fusco G, Martella V, Lanave G. Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080953. [PMID: 35454199 PMCID: PMC9031215 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are major viral agents of farmed swine, causing relevant economic impact due to direct losses and control measures expenses. Wild boar may serve as a PCVs reservoir for the domestic pigs, thus threatening for production efficiency in pig farms. PCV infection in both domestic pigs and wild boar has been chiefly studied in Northern Italy, a densely populated area with a highly developed pork industry. However, data on circulation of PCV are scarce in other Italian areas. For the above reasons, along with the increasing sanitary relevance of wildlife as host of many livestock diseases, we carried out an epidemiological study to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of the PCVs circulating in wild boar in Basilicata region (Southern Italy), characterized by large forested areas with limited anthropic presence. A high prevalence was detected, suggesting that PCVs infection is endemic in the study population. These findings are of particular interest as the pig production system of the study area involves local breeds raised outdoor for the production of high-quality cured meat, thus having a high risk of being in contact with infected wild boar. Abstract Porcine circovirus (PCV) infection is associated with relevant economic impact to the pig industry. To date, four species of PCV (PCV1 to 4) have been identified but only PCV2 has been associated firmly with disease in pigs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in the wild boar population in Basilicata region, Southern Italy, since this region is characterized by large forested and rural areas and the anthropic pressure is lower than in other Italian regions. Liver samples from 82 hunted wild boar were collected in 2021 from 3 different hunting districts. Sixty (73%, 95%CI: 63–82) samples tested positive for PCVs by quantitative PCR. In detail, 22 (27%, 95%CI: 18–37) were positive for PCV2, 58 (71%, 95%CI: 60–79) for PCV3, and 20 (24.4%, 95%CI 16–35) for both PCV2 and PCV3. On genome sequencing, different types and sub-types of PCV2 and PCV3 were identified, remarking a genetic diversity and hinting to a global circulation for the identified PCV strains. Overall, the high prevalence suggests that PCV2 and PCV3 infections are endemic in the wild boar population, posing risks for semi-intensive and free-range pig farming, typical of this region, due to contact with PCV-infected wild boar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy;
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|