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Rahimian Y, Kheiri F, Faghani M. Evaluation the effect of dietary vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone bioactive compounds on immunological response, intestinal traits and MUC-2 gene expression in broiler Japanese quails ( Coturnix japonica). Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2259437. [PMID: 37729462 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2259437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study was performed to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone bioactive lignans derived from sesame and black seed on immunological response, intestinal traits and Mucin2 gene expression in broiler quails. Three hundred and fifty (one days-old) quails were allotted to seven dietary treatments with five replicates as an experimental randomized design study. Treatments were basal diet as a control, control +100 and +200 mg of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone per each kg of diet respectively. At 35 d of age, two quails from each pen were chosen, weighted, slaughtered, eviscerated and lymphoid organ relative weights were measured. Anti-body titers against Newcastle disease (ND), Sheep red blood cell (SRBC), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Avian influenza (AI) vaccination were determined. The serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum antioxidant activates such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were examined. The cell mediated immunity by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenges were assessed. The microflora populations of ileum, morphological traits of jejunum and mucin2 gene expression were analyzed. Data showed that the lymphoid organ (thymus, spleen and Bursa) relative weights and antibody titer against HI, AI, SRBC and IB vaccination were increased compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). Serum activities of ALP, ALT and AST were decreased under influences of dietary treatments (p ≤ 0.05). The serum antioxidant activates of GPX,SOD,CAT and TAC were increased and Increasing in mean skin thickness after DNCB challenge and decrease wing web swelling response to PHA mitojen injection were observed (p ≤ 0.05). Salmonella enterica, E-coli and Coliforms colonies were decrease and Lactobacillus colonies increased instead (p ≤ 0.05). The villus height and surface, crypt depth and goblet cells density were increased compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). The expression of MUC2 gene increased under influnces of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone supplemented diets (p ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Rahimian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farshid Kheiri
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mostafa Faghani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Abd El-Hamid MI, El-Azzouny MM, El-Malt RMS, Elkenawy ME, Abdelwarith AA, Younis EM, Youssef W, Dawod RE, Elged DWAH, Habaka MAM, El Oksh ASA, Mekawy S, Davies SJ, Ibrahim D. Future impact of thymoquinone-loaded nanoemulsion in rabbits: prospects for enhancing growth, immunity, antioxidant potential and resistance against Pasteurella multocida. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1340964. [PMID: 38292130 PMCID: PMC10824920 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1340964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical nanoemulsions, such as thymoquinone nanoemulsions (TQN), are regarded as innovative alternatives to antimicrobials that significantly improve the performance, digestion, antioxidant potential and immunity of rabbits. Thus, the potential effects of TQN on growth, digestibility, antioxidant potential, immunity and resistance against Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) in rabbits were assessed. Herein, 240 rabbits were offered either a basal diet or diets fortified with three TQN-graded concentrations. At 60 days of age, rabbits were challenged with multidrug-resistant (MDR) virulent P. multocida strain. Our outcomes described that dietary inclusion of TQN, especially at higher concentrations, significantly enhanced the growth performance of rabbits, which was supported by increasing the levels of jejunal lipase, amylase and trypsin enzymes. Of note, the levels of muscle and jejunal antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)], serum immunological markers (IgG, IgG, IgM and total Igs) and blood phagocytic percentage were significantly provoked after TQN fortification; meanwhile, the levels of muscle and jejunal MDA, serum biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, TG and LDL), abdominal fat percentage, breast and thigh cholesterol were significantly decreased following TQN supplementations. Our findings showed that TQN protected rabbits against P. multocida experimental challenge as evidenced by reducing P. multocida counts in rabbits' lungs, downregulating the transcription levels of P. multocida virulence-related genes (ptfA, toxA and nanB) at 48 and 96 h post-infection and ameliorating the expression levels of cytokines-related genes (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, DEFB1, TNF-α, TLR-4 and TLR-2) at 96 h post-infection. Our findings suggest the utilization of TQN in rabbits' diets due to their stimulating effects on digestibility as well as their growth-promoting, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-virulence and immunostimulant properties, which enhance the rabbits' P. multocida resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona M. El-Azzouny
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania M. S. El-Malt
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona E. Elkenawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wessam Youssef
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab E. Dawod
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Damietta, Egypt
| | - Dalia W. A. H. Elged
- Toxicology and Biochemical Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal A. M. Habaka
- Department of Poultry and Rabbits Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S. A. El Oksh
- Department of Biotechnology, Reference Laboratory for Quality Control of Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Soad Mekawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, College of Science and Engineering, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Fu Q, Wang P, Zhang Y, Wu T, Huang J, Song Z. Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Asiaticoside on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Yellow-Feathered Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2653. [PMID: 37627444 PMCID: PMC10451259 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive abdominal fat deposition in chickens is a major concern in the poultry industry. Nutritional interventions are a potential solution, but current options are limited. Asiaticoside (Asi), a herbal extract, has shown positive effects in animals, but its impact on poultry lipid metabolism is still unknown. In this study, the effects of dietary Asi on yellow-feathered chicken lipid metabolism and its potential mechanisms were investigated. A total of 120 chickens were randomly divided into three groups, with five replicates per group and 8 chickens per replicate. The chickens were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.01, or 0.05% Asi for 6 wk. The results showed that Asi down-regulated lipogenic gene expression and up-regulated lipid-breakdown-related genes in both the liver and fat tissues of the chickens, which resulted in a half reduction in abdominal fat while not affecting meat yield. Mechanistically, the hepatic and adipose PI3K/AKT pathway may be involved in Asi-induced fat loss in chickens as revealed by computer-aided reverse drug target prediction and gene expression analysis. Moreover, Asi ingestion also significantly modified the cecal microbiota of the chickens, resulting in a reduced Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and decreased abundance of bacteria positively correlated with abdominal fat deposition such as Ruminococcus, while increasing the abundance of bacteria inversely correlated with abdominal fat deposition such as Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Blautia. Collectively, these data suggest that Asi could ameliorate the abdominal fat deposition in yellow-feathered chickens, probably through modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and gut microbiota function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ziyi Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Q.F.); (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.W.); (J.H.)
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Meligy AM, El-Hamid MIA, Yonis AE, Elhaddad GY, Abdel-Raheem SM, El-Ghareeb WR, Mohamed M, Ismail H, Ibrahim D. Liposomal Encapsulated Oregano, Cinnamon, and Clove oils Enhanced the performance, bacterial metabolites Antioxidant potential, and Intestinal microbiota of Broiler Chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102683. [PMID: 37120892 PMCID: PMC10173274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulated phytochemicals with augmented therapeutic and nutritional characteristics have become promising alternatives to antimicrobials in the poultry industry. Hence, our key target was to explore the efficacy of liposomal encapsulation, as a novel carrier, for essential oils (LEOs) on growth, digestibility, intestinal microbiota, and bacterial metabolites of broiler chickens. Moreover, the impact of encapsulated EOs on transcription mechanisms targeting the genes encoding digestive enzymes, gut barrier functions and antioxidant potential of broiler chickens was evidenced. Four equal broiler groups were fed 4 basal diets fortified with LEOs (oregano, cinnamon, and clove) at the levels of 0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg diet. Our findings revealed significant improvement in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of birds fed higher levels of LEOs. These results came concurrently with increasing the activities of digestive enzymes at both serum and molecular levels and consequently nutrient digestibility (dry matter, ether extract, crude protein, and crude fiber) in these groups. Remarkably, the abundance of beneficial bacteria as well as the bacterial metabolites (valeric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, and total short-chain fatty acids) was increased, while that of pathogenic ones was reduced following dietary inclusion of LEOs. Of note, the mRNA expression of genes encoding antioxidant stability [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)] as well as barrier functions [mucin-2 (MUC-2)] and tight junction proteins, TJP [junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2) and occludin] were noticeably upregulated in broilers fortified with 400 mg/kg diet of LEOs. Overall, the present work recommended dietary inclusion of LEOs as beneficial additives for attaining targeted performance, gut health and antioxidant stability in poultry farming.
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Zaazaa A, Mudalal S, Sabbah M, Altamimi M, Dalab A, Samara M. Effects of Black Cumin Seed ( Nigella sativa) and Coconut Meals ( Cocos nucifera) on Broiler Performance and Cecal Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030535. [PMID: 36766422 PMCID: PMC9913529 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with black cumin seed meal (BCSM) and coconut meal (CM) on the performance and cecal microbiota of Cobb 500 hybrid broilers. The study was conducted on 600 chicks on the first day of hatching; the chicks were randomly distributed equally into 12 equal-sized floor pens. Four dietary treatments (C, T1, T2 and T3) were replicated three times (50 chicks/replicate): C was the control group; T1 was supplemented with 10% BCSM; T2 was supplemented with 10% CM; T3 was supplemented with 5% BCSM and 5% CM. At slaughter age on day 35, our findings showed that treatment T2 increased significantly body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to C, T1 and T3. In addition, the hot carcass dressing percentages in treatments T1, T2, and T3 were significantly higher than that of the C group. The results of relative normalized comparative gene expression of Clostridioides difficile, Roseburia and Streptococcus were not significantly changed in all treatments (p > 0.05). Treatment T1 resulted in a significant decrease in gene expression of the entire microbiota, while treatment T2 resulted in a significant increase in gene expression of all microbes, leading to an enriched and diverse microbial community. It can be concluded that supplementation with 10% BCSM is beneficial in inhibiting pathogenic microbes during early post-hatch days. In contrast, CM may promote and enhance the diversity of microbial communities during broiler growth. The inclusion of non-conventional feed ingredients in poultry diets may improve growth performance and may reduce the cost of broiler feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zaazaa
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
- Correspondence:
| | - Samer Mudalal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Sabbah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Altamimi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Abdelhafeed Dalab
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Maen Samara
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
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Nigella sativa Extract Potentially Inhibited Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Induced Infection in Rabbits: Potential Immunomodulatory and Growth Promoting Properties. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192635. [PMID: 36230379 PMCID: PMC9559630 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The high incidence of stress-associated diseases post rabbit weaning results in great losses threatening the rabbit industry. The increasing emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes life threatening infections worldwide. Thus, the necessity to look inward for natural alternative treatments is now compelling. In this perspective, Nigella sativa extract (NSE) could serve as an effective antibiotic alternate source against MRSA. Herein, NSE was found to possess iin vitro antimicrobial activities against MRSA clinical isolates. Moreover, the synergistic activity between NSE and other antimicrobials was employed to overcome the MRSA resistance. Our findings added new insights for application of NSE in diets of growing rabbits as a growth promoting and an immunostimulant agent, which in turn reduced the high risk associated MRSA infections in growing rabbits. Abstract Weaning is the most crucial period associated with increased stress and susceptibility to diseases in rabbits. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a historic emergent pathogen related to post weaning stressors, adversely affects rabbit’s growth rate and productive cycle. Since MRSA is rapidly evolving antibiotics resistance, natural products are desperately required to tackle the public health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance. Thus, this study aimed to screen the iin vitro antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa extract (NSE) and its interactions with antibiotics against MRSA isolates. Moreover, 200 weaned rabbits were divided into 4 groups to investigate the iin vivo superiority of NSE graded levels towards growth performance, tight junction integrity, immune responsiveness and resistance against MRSA. Herein, NSE showed promising antimicrobial activities against MRSA isolates from animal (77.8%) and human (64.3%) origins. Additionally, MRSA isolates exposed to NSE became sensitive to all antimicrobials to which they were previously resistant. Our results described that the growth-promoting functions of NSE, especially at higher levels, were supported by elevated activities of digestive linked enzymes. Post-NSE feeding, rabbits’ sera mediated bactericidal activities against MRSA. Notably, upregulated expression of occludin, CLDN-1, MUC-2 and JAM-2 genes was noted post NSE supplementation with maximum transcriptional levels in 500 mg/kg NSE fed group. Our data described that NSE constitutively motivated rabbits’ immune responses and protected them against MRSA-induced experimental infection. Our results suggest the antimicrobial, growth stimulating and immunomodulation activities of NSE to maximize the capability of rabbits for disease response.
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The Effect of Quinoa Seed ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Extract on the Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality in Japanese Quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141851. [PMID: 35883397 PMCID: PMC9311999 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effect of quinoa seed (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) extract on the performance, carcass parameters, and meat quality in Japanese quails. In this study, 400 quail chicks were divided into a control group (without quinoa seed extract addition) and 3 experiment groups (4 replicates containing 25 quails in each). Commercial feed and the addition of different concentrations of quinoa seed extract (QSE) 0.1 g/kg, 0.2 g/kg, and 0.4 g/kg were used in the study. During the second week of the experiment, the highest feed intake was obtained from the supplemented groups (p < 0.01). After 5 weeks of experimentation, the highest feed consumption was noticed in the group with 0.4 g of QSE additive. The QSE additive affected the live weight gain values of all experimental groups during 1 week of the experiment. The highest values of hot carcass weight were noticed in groups with 0.2 and 0.4 g of QSE additive (p < 0.01). While the highest value of cold carcass weight was noticed in a group with 0.2 g of QSE additive (p < 0.05). Thigh, breast, back and neck ratio, and internal organs (except gizzard) were not affected by the supplementation of QSE. As a result of storage of breast meat at 4 °C for 0, 1 days, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, it was determined that the number of pH, thiobarbituric acid, peroxide, and total psychrophilic bacteria were lower in the groups with QSE as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the best results of quail performance were obtained with 0.2 g/kg and 0.4 g QSE/kg of the quail’s fodder. While the addition of 0.4 g QSE/kg of the quail’s fodder had a significant effect on meat shelf life and could be used in poultry mixed feed to prevent or delay lipid oxidation of meat.
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