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Gelinas A, Sudan S, Patterson R, Li J, Huyben D, Barta JR, Kiarie EG. Growth performance, organs weight, intestinal histomorphology, and oocyst shedding in broiler chickens offered novel single strain Bacillus subtilis isolated from camel dung and challenged with Eimeria. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103519. [PMID: 38359772 PMCID: PMC10877951 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a single strain Bacillus subtilis BS-9 direct-fed microbial (BSDFM) isolated from camel dung in Eimeria challenged broiler chickens. Seven-hundred d-old Ross 708 male chicks were placed in pens (25 birds/pen) and allocated to 2 treatments (n = 14). From d 0 to 13, control pens received untreated water (-BSDFM), and 2 treated pens received water and 2 mL x 108 colony forming unit/bird/d (+BSDFM); daily water intake (WI) was recorded. On d 9, birds in half (+Eimeria) of pens per treatment received of 1 mL of Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina oocysts orally, and the other half (-Eimeria) sterile saline solution. Birds had ad libitum access to feed and a water line from d 14. Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW) and mortality were recorded for calculating BW gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). On d 14 and 35, samples of birds were necropsied for organ weight and intestinal measurements. Excreta samples were collected from d 14 to 19 for oocyst count. There was no treatment effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance or WI on d 0 to 9. There were interactions between BSDFM and Eimeria on d 19 (P = 0.014) and 29 (P = 0.036) BW with unchallenged +BSDFM birds being heavier than birds in the other treatments. The main effects (P < 0.05) on d 10 to 35 FI, BW, and BWG were such that +BSDFM increased and Eimeria decreased (P < 0.01) these parameters. There was interaction (P = 0.022) between BSDFM and Eimeria on d 10 to 35 FCR such that the FCR of challenged -BSDFM birds was poor than that of unchallenged counterparts, but none differed with +BSDFM birds. There was an interaction (P = 0.039) between BSDFM and Eimeria on d 14 bursa weight with challenged birds exhibiting heavier bursa than unchallenged +BSDFM birds. Eimeria reduced (P = 0.01) and BSDFM (P = 0.002) increased the villi height to crypt depth ratio. Results showed that BSDFM supplementation via water can support the growth performance of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria and may be a strategy to reduce adverse effects of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gelinas
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Sudan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | | | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | - David Huyben
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | - John R Barta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA.
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Rodrigues RA, Silva LAM, Brugnera HC, Pereira N, Casagrande MF, Makino LC, Bragança CRS, Schocken-Iturrino RP, Cardozo MV. Association of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: minimizes the adverse effects of necrotic enteritis in the gastrointestinal tract and improves zootechnical performance in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103394. [PMID: 38194830 PMCID: PMC10792630 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and capacity of the probiotic composed of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in improving the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens. The broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in poultry isolators (12 birds each), resulting in 3 treatments: T1 (control, no challenge and no Bacillus in diet), T2 (challenged with Eimeria spp., followed by Clostridium perfringens infection and no Bacillus in the diet), and T3 (challenged with Eimeria spp., Clostridium perfringens and treated with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). They were evaluated for a period of 29 d, divided into preinitial (1-7 d of age), initial (8-21 d), and growth (22-29 d) phases. Assessments of body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion were conducted, along with the classification of the scores and optical microscopy of the tract gastrointestinal. The animals challenged and treated with the probiotic containing Bacillus spp. showed improved indicators of zootechnical performance. Additionally, the animals challenged and treated (T3) had a better score for intestinal lesions compared to the other treatment groups. Therefore, the probiotic consisting of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could be considered an effective option for disease prevention and improving the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romário A Rodrigues
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro A M Silva
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa C Brugnera
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Pereira
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Casagrande
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian C Makino
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources, School of Agricultural Sciences of Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Registro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio R S Bragança
- Laboratory of Microorganism Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Minas Gerais State University, Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rubén Pablo Schocken-Iturrino
- Department of Reproduction Pathology and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marita V Cardozo
- Laboratory of Microorganism Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Minas Gerais State University, Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zhang M, Yang Z, Wu G, Xu F, Zhang J, Luo X, Ma Y, Pang H, Duan Y, Chen J, Cai Y, Wang L, Tan Z. Effects of Probiotic-Fermented Feed on the Growth Profile, Immune Functions, and Intestinal Microbiota of Bamei Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:647. [PMID: 38396614 PMCID: PMC10886304 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purebred Bamei piglets present problems, including slow growth, respiratory disease, and post-weaning stress. This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum QP28-1- and Bacillus subtilis QB8-fermented feed supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal microflora of Bamei piglets from Qinghai, China. A total of 48 purebred Bamei piglets (25 days; 6.8 ± 0.97 kg) were divided into the following four groups for a 28-day diet experiment: basal feed (CK); diet containing 10% Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented feed (L); diet containing 10% Bacillus subtilis-fermented feed (B); and diet containing a mixture of 5% Lactobacillus plantarum + 5% Bacillus subtilis-fermented feed (H). The daily weight gain and daily food intake of group H increased (p < 0.05), and the feed/weight gain ratios of the groups fed with fermented feed decreased more than that of the CK group. The levels of three immune factors, namely immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG, and interferon-γ, were higher (p < 0.05), whereas those of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were lower (p < 0.05) in the fermented feed groups than in the CK group. Total protein was higher (p < 0.05), while urea nitrogen, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower (p < 0.05) in the mixed-fermented feed group than in the CK group. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that the addition of fermented feed increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota, increasing the abundances of probiotics including Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Rikenellaceae. Additionally, correlation analysis demonstrated that several of these probiotic bacteria were closely related to serum immunity. In conclusion, fermented feed supplementation rebuilt the intestinal microbiota of Bamei piglets, thereby reducing the feed/weight ratio, improving feed intake, and enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Guofang Wu
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Fafang Xu
- Bamei Pig Original Breeding Base of Huzhu County, Haidong 810600, China;
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xuan Luo
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Huili Pang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yaoke Duan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yimin Cai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Zhongfang Tan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
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Buahom J, Siripornadulsil S, Sukon P, Sooksawat T, Siripornadulsil W. Survivability of freeze- and spray-dried probiotics and their effects on the growth and health performance of broilers. Vet World 2023; 16:1849-1865. [PMID: 37859958 PMCID: PMC10583877 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1849-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Many strains of probiotics have been exploited and used as animal dietary supplements for broiler production. The efficacy and survival of probiotics during production may reflect better activities of the probiotics in the host. This study investigated the effects of freeze- and spray-drying on the survivability and properties of probiotics and their ability to improve the growth and health performance of broilers. Materials and Methods Probiotic powders of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecium CA4, Enterococcus durans CH33, Ligilactobacillus salivarius CH24, Pediococcus acidilactici SH8, and Bacillus subtilis KKU213, were prepared using rice bran/chitosan/carboxy methyl cellulose as the carrier. The survival of each probiotic strain was investigated under stress conditions, including freeze-drying, spray-drying, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The body weight gain (BWG) and intestinal histomorphology were determined to assess broiler growth performance. Results All dried probiotics yielded a high survival rate during freeze-drying (95.8-98.6%) and spray-drying (94.4-98.2%). In addition, an analysis of the main effect revealed that the effectiveness of freeze-drying was higher than that of spray-drying in minimizing the loss of cell viability. The antimicrobial activity of all immobilized dried probiotic strains against Salmonella was maintained. The immobilized probiotics tolerated a low pH value of 2.0 and 0.5% (w/v) bile salt. Probiotic administration of a mixture of the five dried probiotics to 1-day-old hatched male broilers at early and late ages resulted in potential colonization in the broiler intestine, and enhancements in the BWG, lipid metabolism, and gut health (villus height and cryptal depth) were observed in the probiotic-treated groups. Conclusion The administration of three doses of the spray-dried probiotic mixture at days 15, 17, and 19 after hatching was sufficient to achieve long-term growth and health benefits in broilers. This finding might provide a cost-effective alternative to the administration of commonly used antibiotics in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamas Buahom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Surasak Siripornadulsil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Treerat Sooksawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Wilailak Siripornadulsil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Abd El-Ghany WA. A Natural Feed Additive Phytobiotic, Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.), and the Health Status of Poultry. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2023; 0. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2023-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The addition of antibiotic growth promotors in poultry diets results in a development of resistant bacterial strains and accumulation of drug residues in the meat and eggs. The new trend in poultry industry is the dietary addition of natural feed additives including phytobiotics. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a natural cheap feed source that has been extensively used in the livestock production. In poultry production system, pomegranate by-products such as peel powder or extract, seed oil, or juice showed high nutritional values, several health benefits, and good economic profits. Pomegranate displays a growth promoting effect and an enhancement of carcass traits of broilers, along with an improvement of the egg production traits parameters. Moreover, dietary pomegranate by-products showed a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial effects on the treated birds. Modulation of both humeral and cell mediated immune response, hypo-lipidemia, as well as enhancement of liver functions have been proved following dietary treatment with different pomegranate by-products. Therefore, this review article was designed to present the different effects of dietary pomegranate by-products on the production indices of broilers and layers, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immune status, as well as the blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany
- 1 Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
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