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Pal P, Singh AK, Srivastava RK, Rathore SS, Sahoo UK, Subudhi S, Sarangi PK, Prus P. Circular Bioeconomy in Action: Transforming Food Wastes into Renewable Food Resources. Foods 2024; 13:3007. [PMID: 39335935 PMCID: PMC11431570 DOI: 10.3390/foods13183007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing challenge of food waste management presents a critical opportunity for advancing the circular bioeconomy, aiming to transform waste into valuable resources. This paper explores innovative strategies for converting food wastes into renewable food resources, emphasizing the integration of sustainable technologies and zero-waste principles. The main objective is to demonstrate how these approaches can contribute to a more sustainable food system by reducing environmental impacts and enhancing resource efficiency. Novel contributions of this study include the development of bioproducts from various food waste streams, highlighting the potential of underutilized resources like bread and jackfruit waste. Through case studies and experimental findings, the paper illustrates the successful application of green techniques, such as microbial fermentation and bioprocessing, in valorizing food wastes. The implications of this research extend to policy frameworks, encouraging the adoption of circular bioeconomy models that not only address waste management challenges but also foster economic growth and sustainability. These findings underscore the potential for food waste to serve as a cornerstone in the transition to a circular, regenerative economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Pal
- Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering & Management, Tewariganj, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226028, India;
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari 845401, India; (A.K.S.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GIT, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam 530045, India;
| | - Saurabh Singh Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari 845401, India; (A.K.S.); (S.S.R.)
| | | | - Sanjukta Subudhi
- Advanced Biofuels Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India;
| | | | - Piotr Prus
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Ferri I, Dell’Anno M, Spano M, Canala B, Petrali B, Dametti M, Magnaghi S, Rossi L. Characterisation of Tenebrio molitor Reared on Substrates Supplemented with Chestnut Shell. INSECTS 2024; 15:512. [PMID: 39057245 PMCID: PMC11276986 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor larvae represent a sustainable protein source for food and feed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of chestnut shell, a by-product of the agro-industrial chain, in growth substrates for T. molitor larvae rearing. Seven-week-old larvae were reared on three different growth substrates: the control group (CTRL) was fed wheat bran, treatment group one was fed wheat bran supplemented with 12.5% w/w chestnut shell (TRT1), and treatment group two was fed wheat bran supplemented with 25% w/w chestnut shell (TRT2). Larval weight, substrate consumption, and mortality were recorded weekly. After 14 days, insect meals were produced for bromatological and colorimetric analysis, and bacterial inhibition activity assay using a microdilution method. The amino acid profile of insects was determined using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our results showed a lower feed conversion ratio and higher larval survival rate % in TRT2 compared to CTRL (p < 0.05). Proteins and lipids of TRT2 were higher than other groups (p < 0.05). Important differences were observed in the amino acid profile of TRT1 and TRT2 compared to CTRL (p < 0.05). TRT1 and TRT2 showed higher E. coli inhibitory activity than CTRL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, chestnut shell supplementation improved the survival and functional characteristics of larvae and likely impacted the insects' metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ferri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.); (B.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Matteo Dell’Anno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.); (B.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mattia Spano
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Canala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.); (B.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Beatrice Petrali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.); (B.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Matilda Dametti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.); (B.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.); (B.C.); (B.P.); (M.D.)
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Kakabouki I, Roussis I, Krokida M, Mavroeidis A, Stavropoulos P, Karydogianni S, Beslemes D, Tigka E. Comparative Study Effect of Different Urea Fertilizers and Tomato Pomace Composts on the Performance and Quality Traits of Processing Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1852. [PMID: 38999692 PMCID: PMC11244002 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is regarded amongst the most dominant horticultural crops globally. Yet, due to its elevated water and fertilization needs, its environmental footprint is significantly high. The recent efforts to reduce the footprint of agriculture have rekindled the search for optimized fertilization regimes in tomato. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different urea fertilizers and tomato pomace-based composts on the performance and quality traits of processing tomato. A two-year field experiment was conducted in the Larissa region, Central Greece, during 2018-2019. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with five treatments: control, urea (Urea), urea with nitrification and urease inhibitors (Urea + NI + UI), processing tomato pomace with farmyard manure (TP + FM), and processing tomato pomace with compost from plant residues (TP + CM). Measurements included soil total nitrogen (STN), soil organic matter (SOM), root length density (RLD), arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) colonization, dry weight per plant, fruit yield (number per plant, total yield, weight, diameter), fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), lycopene content and yield, and fruit surface color (L*, a*, b*, CI). Overall, the best results in soil properties and quality traits were reported in the organic fertilization treatments (STN, SOM, AMF, TSS, TA, lycopene content, L*, a*, b*) and the differences among TP + FM and TP + CM were insignificant in their majority. On the contrary, fruit yield and its components were significantly improved in Urea + NI + UI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kakabouki
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Ioannis Roussis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Magdalini Krokida
- Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonios Mavroeidis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Panteleimon Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Stella Karydogianni
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Beslemes
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece; (D.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelia Tigka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece; (D.B.); (E.T.)
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Du J, Yang H, Zhao X. Preparation of tomato peel pomace powder/polylactic acid foams under supercritical CO 2 conditions: Improvements in cell structure and foaming behavior. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132480. [PMID: 38763242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is an eco-friendly material that can help address the problems of petroleum depletion and pollution. Blending renewable biomass materials with PLA to create composite foams with a tunable pore structure, superior performance, and low cost is a green technique for improving the pore structure and mechanical characteristics of single PLA foams. PLA/TP composites were created using melted tomato peel pomace powder (TP), which has a lamellar structure, as a reinforcing agent. Then, the relationship between the vesicle structure, morphology, and properties of the PLA/TP composite foams produced through supercritical CO2 intermittent foaming were investigated. The findings revealed that TP considerably enhanced the rheological characteristics and crystalline behavior of PLA. The PLA/TP composite foam had a better cell structure, compression characteristics, and wettability than pure PLA. The expansion ratio of the PLA/TP composite could reach 18.8, and its thermal conductivity decreased from 174.2 mW/m·K at 100 °C to 57.8 mW/m·K at 120 °C. Furthermore, annealing before foaming decreased the average composite foam blister size from 110.09 to 66.53 μm, and the annealing process also improved compression performance. This study contributes to solving environmental difficulties and creating PLA foams with controlled bubble structures, uniform bubble sizes, and outstanding overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & Manufacturing Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Mateo-Roque P, Morales-Camacho JI, Jara-Romero GJ, Rosas-Cárdenas FDF, Huerta-González L, Luna-Suárez S. Supercritical CO 2 Treatment to Modify Techno-Functional Properties of Proteins Extracted from Tomato Seeds. Foods 2024; 13:1045. [PMID: 38611350 PMCID: PMC11011313 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato seeds are a rich source of protein that can be utilized for various industrial food purposes. This study delves into the effects of using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) on the structure and techno-functional properties of proteins extracted from defatted tomato seeds. The defatted meal was obtained using hexane (TSMH) and scCO2 (TSMC), and proteins were extracted using water (PEWH and PEWC) and saline solution (PESH and PESC). The results showed that scCO2 treatment significantly improved the techno-functional properties of protein extracts, such as oil-holding capacity and foaming capacity (especially for PEWC). Moreover, emulsifying capacity and stability were enhanced for PEWC and PESC, ranging between 4.8 and 46.7% and 11.3 and 96.3%, respectively. This was made possible by the changes in helix structure content induced by scCO2 treatment, which increased for PEWC (5.2%) and decreased for PESC (8.0%). Additionally, 2D electrophoresis revealed that scCO2 hydrolyzed alkaline proteins in the extracts. These findings demonstrate the potential of scCO2 treatment in producing modified proteins for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mateo-Roque
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, Mexico; (P.M.-R.); (G.J.J.-R.); (F.d.F.R.-C.); (L.H.-G.)
| | - Jocksan I. Morales-Camacho
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Alimentos y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe Janet Jara-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, Mexico; (P.M.-R.); (G.J.J.-R.); (F.d.F.R.-C.); (L.H.-G.)
| | - Flor de Fátima Rosas-Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, Mexico; (P.M.-R.); (G.J.J.-R.); (F.d.F.R.-C.); (L.H.-G.)
| | - Luis Huerta-González
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, Mexico; (P.M.-R.); (G.J.J.-R.); (F.d.F.R.-C.); (L.H.-G.)
| | - Silvia Luna-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, Mexico; (P.M.-R.); (G.J.J.-R.); (F.d.F.R.-C.); (L.H.-G.)
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6
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Kotsou K, Chatzimitakos T, Athanasiadis V, Bozinou E, Lalas SI. Exploiting Agri-Food Waste as Feed for Tenebrio molitor Larvae Rearing: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:1027. [PMID: 38611333 PMCID: PMC11011778 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The agri-food industry generates substantial amounts of waste, including by-products and residues. The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly practices in the agri-food sector has sparked an interest in finding alternative uses for such waste materials. One promising approach is the utilization of waste from the agri-food industry as feed for the rearing of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). Since agri-food waste is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins, as well as other bioactive compounds, all of which are essential for insect growth and development, incorporating such waste into the diet of mealworms promotes sustainable insect production, reducing the economic and environmental problems associated with waste disposal. This practice can also be beneficial for the rearing of mealworms since their nutritional value can also be enhanced. To this end, various waste materials, such as fruit and vegetable peels, spent grains, and food processing residues, have been investigated as potential feed sources, leading to increased mass production, lower cost, and enhanced nutritional value. This review aims to highlight the potential of agri-food waste as a feed source for mealworms, as well as their potential to enhance their nutritional value. Furthermore, the potential applications of mealworms reared on agri-food waste are highlighted, including their potential as a sustainable protein source for human consumption and as feed ingredients in the livestock and aquaculture sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kotsou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (T.C.); (V.A.); (E.B.); (S.I.L.)
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Piccolo V, Pastore A, Maisto M, Keivani N, Tenore GC, Stornaiuolo M, Summa V. Agri-Food Waste Recycling for Healthy Remedies: Biomedical Potential of Nutraceuticals from Unripe Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Foods 2024; 13:331. [PMID: 38275698 PMCID: PMC10815480 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Unripe tomatoes represent an agri-food waste resulting from industrial by-processing products of tomatoes, yielding products with a high content of bioactive compounds with potential nutraceutical properties. The food-matrix biological properties are attributed to the high steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) content. Among them, α-tomatine is the main SGA reported in unripe green tomatoes. This review provides an overview of the main chemical and pharmacological features of α-tomatine and green tomato extracts. The extraction processes and methods employed in SGA identification and the quantification are discussed. Special attention was given to the methods used in α-tomatine qualitative and quantitative analyses, including the extraction procedures and the clean-up methods applied in the analysis of Solanum lycopersicum L. extracts. Finally, the health-beneficial properties and the pharmacokinetics and toxicological aspects of SGAs and α-tomatine-containing extracts are considered in depth. In particular, the relevant results of the main in vivo and in vitro studies reporting the therapeutic properties and the mechanisms of action were described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (N.K.); (G.C.T.); (M.S.)
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Siddiqui SA, Erol Z, Rugji J, Taşçı F, Kahraman HA, Toppi V, Musa L, Di Giacinto G, Bahmid NA, Mehdizadeh M, Castro-Muñoz R. An overview of fermentation in the food industry - looking back from a new perspective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:85. [PMID: 38647968 PMCID: PMC10991178 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is thought to be born in the Fertile Crescent, and since then, almost every culture has integrated fermented foods into their dietary habits. Originally used to preserve foods, fermentation is now applied to improve their physicochemical, sensory, nutritional, and safety attributes. Fermented dairy, alcoholic beverages like wine and beer, fermented vegetables, fruits, and meats are all highly valuable due to their increased storage stability, reduced risk of food poisoning, and enhanced flavor. Over the years, scientific research has associated the consumption of fermented products with improved health status. The fermentation process helps to break down compounds into more easily digestible forms. It also helps to reduce the amount of toxins and pathogens in food. Additionally, fermented foods contain probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria that help the body to digest food and absorb nutrients. In today's world, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and allergies have increased. In this regard, scientific investigations have demonstrated that shifting to a diet that contains fermented foods can reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, in the last decade, there has been a growing interest in fermentation technology to valorize food waste into valuable by-products. Fermentation of various food wastes has resulted in the successful production of valuable by-products, including enzymes, pigments, and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany.
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL E.V.), Prof.-Von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany.
| | - Zeki Erol
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Jerina Rugji
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Fulya Taşçı
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ahu Kahraman
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Valeria Toppi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Musa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giacomo Di Giacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nur Alim Bahmid
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gading, Playen, Gunungkidul, 55861, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Mehdizadeh
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Ilam Science and Technology Park, Ilam, Iran
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, 50110, Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico.
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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Baldacchino F, Spagnoletta A, Lamaj F, Vitale ML, Verrastro V. First Optimization of Tomato Pomace in Diets for Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:854. [PMID: 37999053 PMCID: PMC10672421 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato pomace (TP), an agricultural industrial waste product from the tomato processing industry, is valorized as a rearing substrate for Tenebrio molitor (L.). This study evaluated bran-based diets with increasing tomato pomace (0%, 27%, 41%, and 100%). Protein sources, such as brewer's spent grain and yeast, were used in TP27 and TP41 diets to ensure equal protein contents to the control diet. Results showed no different for larval and pupal weights between diets; however, the time of development significantly increases in TP100 compared to all diets. The feed conversion rate progressively increases from 2.7 to 4.3, respectively, from the control to the TP100 diet. Conversely, lycopene and β-carotene increase in the larvae. The fatty acid composition improves by increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly α-linoleic acid). Although the best nutritional quality was obtained in T100, the TP41 is the optimal diet for balance between larval performance and qualitative improvement of larvae. Therefore, tomato pomace is suitable for the formulation of mealworm diets, even in high dosages, when supplemented with sustainable protein and carbohydrate sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Baldacchino
- Laboratory of Bioproducts and Bioprocess, ENEA—Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Jonica 106, Km 419+500, I-75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- Laboratory of Bioproducts and Bioprocess, ENEA—Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Jonica 106, Km 419+500, I-75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Flutura Lamaj
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Vitale
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verrastro
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
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Carpentieri S, Ferrari G, Donsì F. High-Pressure Homogenization for Enhanced Bioactive Recovery from Tomato Processing By-Products and Improved Lycopene Bioaccessibility during In Vitro Digestion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1855. [PMID: 37891934 PMCID: PMC10603967 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The principles of industrial ecology have emerged as pivotal drivers of eco-innovation, aiming to realize a "zero-waste" society where waste materials are repurposed as valuable resources. In this context, High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH) presents a promising, easily scalable micronization technology, capable of enhancing the extractability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds found in tomato processing by-products, which are notably abundant waste streams in the Mediterranean region. This study focuses on optimizing HPH treatment parameters to intensify the recovery of bioactive compounds from tomato pomace. Additionally, it investigates the multifaceted impacts of HPH on various aspects, including color, particle size distribution, microscopic characteristics, surface properties, bioactivity, and lycopene bioaccessibility through in vitro digestion simulations. The results demonstrate that the application of HPH under optimized conditions (80 MPa, 25 °C, 10 passes) induces a remarkable 8-fold reduction in mean particle size, reduced surface tension, improved physical stability, uniform color, increased total phenolic content (+31%), antioxidant activity (+30%), dietary fiber content (+9%), and lycopene bioaccessibility during the intestinal digestion phase compared to untreated samples. These encouraging outcomes support the proposition of integrating HPH technology into an environmentally friendly industrial process for the full valorization of tomato processing residues. By utilizing water as the sole solvent, this approach aims to yield a functional ingredient characterized by greater nutritional and health-promoting values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carpentieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.)
- ProdAl Scarl, c/o University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.)
- NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Kilama J, Yakir Y, Shaani Y, Adin G, Kaadan S, Wagali P, Sabastian C, Ngomuo G, Mabjeesh SJ. Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and storability of selected agro-industrial by-products: Alternative ruminant feed ingredients in Israel. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14581. [PMID: 37009330 PMCID: PMC10060181 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global demand for animal-based products is rising in the face of dwindling feed resources, and yet a huge pool of agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) are generated, underutilized, and improperly deposited to landfills leading to environmental pollution. Ruminants have a special microbiome that can bioprocess and convert human inedible fibrous material into meat and milk, which appears as a great opportunity to simultaneously reduce pollution while promoting food security. In this study, we collected 15 domestically produced AIBPs from various regions of Israel during both winter and summer seasons to examine their potential as ruminant feed alternatives. We evaluated their storability, nutritional composition, and in vitro digestibility and performed a hierarchical cluster analysis to categorize them based on their distinctive nutritional characteristics. Among the 15 AIBPs, 8 have rich essential nutrients, and minerals, and have excellent in vitro digestibility, but they have less than 6 days of storability and develop off-odours. Out of 15 AIBPs; 8 have low dry matter (DM) content, ranging from 4.7% to 30.45% while the remaining 7 AIBPs have high DM, ranging from 50.6% to 98.6%. The high crude protein (CP) category included 6 AIBPs with CP ranging from 19.7% in beer pulp to 32.1% in jojoba cake. Starch content was high in 3 AIBPs ranging from 33.7% in timorim mix to 65.2% in Irish potato culls. Considerable crude fat content was reported in 4 AIBPs, the highest being yoghurt waste with 42.8%. In terms of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 5 AIBPs had low NDF content ranging from 0% to 14.1%; 5 AIBPs had moderate concentration ranging from 34.3% to 50.7%, and 5 AIBPs had high levels between 66.6% and 82.8%. Interestingly, 10/15 AIBPs had medium to high in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). This study, therefore, suggests that recycling AIPBs for livestock nutrition has enormous potential that is still underutilized and offers excellent ways to gain socioeconomic and environmental benefits by expanding animal feed resources and reducing feed-food competition, and landfill burden. However, additional studies are necessary to focus on affordable storage technology to prolong the storability of AIBPs and feeding trials to determine the productive performance of livestock fed an AIBPs-based diet.
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