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Peng M, Tavaniello S, Banaszak M, Wlaźlak S, Palazzo M, Grassi G, Maiorano G. Comparison of Fatty Acid Profile in Egg Yolk from Late-Age Hens Housed in Enriched Cages and in a Free Range System. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1099. [PMID: 38612338 PMCID: PMC11010829 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the free-range system for laying hens has increased, driven by societal sensitivity to animal welfare. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the total lipid, cholesterol, and fatty acid composition of egg yolks of late-age laying hens reared in enriched cages (C) and the free-range system (FR). Eggs were collected from Lohmann Brown Classic hens at the 68th, 70th, 72nd, and 74th week of age. The concentrations of total lipids and cholesterol were not affected (p > 0.05) by either factor. Egg yolk from the FR group showed lower (p < 0.01) monounsaturated fatty acids and higher (p < 0.01) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) compared with that of the C group. From a nutritional point of view, the PUFA n-6/n-3 and the PUFA/SFA ratios of egg yolk from the FR group were favorably lower and higher (p < 0.01) compared with the C one. Conversely, hen age did not affect (p > 0.05) the fatty acid composition of yolks. Interactions between factors were found for total n-3 and n-6 PUFA and the n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.01), as well as the thrombogenic index (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results confirmed that the free-range system may improve the nutritional yolk fatty acid profile and its positive impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Peng
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Siria Tavaniello
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mirosław Banaszak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, PBS Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Wlaźlak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, PBS Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marisa Palazzo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giulia Grassi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiorano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Cozzolino D, Sanal P, Schreuder J, Williams PJ, Assadi Soumeh E, Dekkers MH, Anderson M, Boisen S, Hoffman LC. Predicting Egg Storage Time with a Portable Near-Infrared Instrument: Effects of Temperature and Production System. Foods 2024; 13:212. [PMID: 38254513 PMCID: PMC10814904 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining egg freshness is critical for ensuring food safety and security and as such, different methods have been evaluated and implemented to accurately measure and predict it. In this study, a portable near-infrared (NIR) instrument combined with chemometrics was used to monitor and predict the storage time of eggs under two storage conditions-room temperature (RT) and cold (CT) storage-from two production systems: cage and free-range. A total of 700 egg samples were analyzed, using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression to analyze the NIR spectra. The PCA score plot did not show any clear separation between egg samples from the two production systems; however, some egg samples were grouped according to storage conditions. The cross-validation statistics for predicting storage time were as follows: for cage and RT eggs, the coefficient of determination in cross validation (R2CV) was 0.67, with a standard error in cross-validation (SECV) of 7.64 days and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 1.8; for CT cage eggs, R2CV of 0.84, SECV of 5.38 days and RPD of 3.2; for CT free-range eggs, R2CV of 0.83, SECV of 5.52 days and RPD of 3.2; and for RT free-range eggs, R2CV of 0.82, SECV of 5.61 days, and RPD of 3.0. This study demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy can predict storage time non-destructively in intact egg samples. Even though the results of the present study are promising, further research is still needed to further extend these results to other production systems, as well as to explore the potential of this technique to predict other egg quality parameters associated with freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Pooja Sanal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Jana Schreuder
- Food Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (J.S.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Paul James Williams
- Food Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (J.S.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Elham Assadi Soumeh
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Milou Helene Dekkers
- Queensland Animal Science Precinct (QASP), The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.H.D.); (M.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Molly Anderson
- Queensland Animal Science Precinct (QASP), The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.H.D.); (M.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Sheree Boisen
- Queensland Animal Science Precinct (QASP), The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.H.D.); (M.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Food Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (J.S.); (P.J.W.)
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Rodríguez-Hernández R, Rondón-Barragán IS, Oviedo-Rondón EO. Egg Quality, Yolk Fatty Acid Profiles from Laying Hens Housed in Conventional Cage and Cage-Free Production Systems in the Andean Tropics. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:168. [PMID: 38200899 PMCID: PMC10778552 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Egg consumers worldwide have increased their concerns about laying hens' welfare and its impact on final egg product quality. This study compared the egg quality parameters under the conventional cage (CC) and cage-free (CF) egg production systems in the tropics. The study was conducted on a commercial farm in Colombia using Hy-Line Brown pullets, reared under the same conditions for the first 15 wks. At 16 wks, the hens were distributed into two housing systems, CC and CF, on the same farm. The hens were fed the same diet for each phase in both systems and feed intake varied slightly. Egg samples were collected every six wks, from 22 to 82 wks of age. A total of 3960 eggs were analyzed at 11 sampling times. Parameters such as albumen height, egg weight, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, and Haugh units were determined using a DET-6000 machine. At 22 and 82 wks, screening for Salmonella spp. status was conducted using environmental and egg samples. Additionally, at 34, 64, and 82 wks, yolk samples were obtained for fatty acid profiles and crude protein (CP) analysis. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized block design with repeated measures (11 times): mean separation by Student's t-test yolk pigmentation, Haugh Units, and albumen height (p < 0.001) were higher in the CF compared with the CC between 38 and 69 wks of age, and eggs at 63 and 82 wks (p < 0.05) were heavier in the CF compared to the CC. Likewise, eggs from the CC had better eggshell strength from 57 to 82 wks. In the egg yolk fatty acid profile at the 34th wk, the pentadecanoic, palmitic, and heptadecanoic acids had higher concentrations in the CF systems than the CC. At the 64th wk, the egg yolk fatty acids-lauric, myristic, and heptadecanoic-had higher concentrations in the CF; likewise, at the 82nd wk, egg yolks from the CC had higher concentrations of lauric, heptadecanoic, and nervonic fatty acids than the CF. The eggs and environmental samples were negative for Salmonella spp. throughout the whole production phase. These results indicated that the production system might impact internal and external egg quality measures, potentially due to various stressors, including environmental factors or behavior restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rodríguez-Hernández
- Poultry Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibague 730006299, Colombia; (R.R.-H.); (I.S.R.-B.)
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Poultry Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibague 730006299, Colombia; (R.R.-H.); (I.S.R.-B.)
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibague 730006299, Colombia
| | - Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, 2711 Founders Drive, Scott Hall O-239, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Zakaria AM, Elmeligy E, Abdulkarim A, Mohammed HH, Khalphallah A, Ali MA, Khalifa MI. Monitoring antimicrobial residues in table eggs in Aswan governorate markets and their impact on egg quality and public health. Open Vet J 2023; 13:523-531. [PMID: 37304600 PMCID: PMC10257451 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Organic egg is among the most common organic foods offered for sale in Egyptian markets in recent years, and consumers buy them at a higher price because they believe organic eggs are safer and have superior nutritional value than conventional eggs. Aim The present work aimed to monitor antimicrobial residues in brown table eggs, whether conventional or organic type, in Aswan governorate markets and assessed their physical and chemical quality and their public health hazards. Methods Brown table egg samples (n = 400 total) were randomly selected in the present study, in which they represented two equal groups (n = 200 each) including conventional eggs and organic eggs. Eggs were collected from different retail stores in the Aswan governorate, Egypt. Egg samples were subjected to thorough physical and chemical quality evaluation as well as an assessment of antimicrobial residues. Results The results reported that organic eggs were cleaner and had a better odor, less blood, and meat spots, but smaller with more shell cracks than conventional eggs. Chemical analysis of some nutrient contents in the egg yolk revealed significantly higher nutritive values of organic eggs than that of conventional ones as the organic eggs contain significantly higher levels of vitamin A and vitamin D/D3 and significantly lower values of cholesterol, calcium, magnesium, and zinc than those in conventional eggs. Disc diffusion assay has been used for monitoring antimicrobial residues in egg samples. The results have shown that all examined organic eggs were free from antimicrobial residues, while 12% and 8% of conventional egg yolk and white were positive for antimicrobial residues, respectively. Conclusion The study concludes the higher nutritive value of organic eggs compared with the conventional type because of their significantly higher contents of vitamins A and D and their significantly lower contents of cholesterol. Moreover, organic eggs were free from antimicrobial residues which maximizes their public health benefits..
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem M. Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Enas Elmeligy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Haitham H. Mohammed
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Arafat Khalphallah
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdelhadi Ali
- Department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa I. Khalifa
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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