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Wang X, Zheng S, Fang C, Liang X, Yang Y. UBE2J1 promotes ALV-A proviral DNA synthesis through the STAT3/IRF1 signaling pathway. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110012. [PMID: 38387235 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-binding enzyme E2J1 is located on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. It plays a role in transport throughout the process of ubiquitination. In mammals, UBE2J1 can promote RNA virus replication. However, the biological function of chicken UBE2J1 is unclear. In this study, chicken UBE2J1 was cloned for the first time, and UBE2J1 overexpression and shRNA knockdown plasmids were constructed. In chicken embryo fibroblasts, overexpression of UBE2J1 promoted the replication of subtype A avian leukosis virus, while knockdown of UBE2J1 inhibited the replication of ALV-A virus. In addition, we divided virus replication into virus adsorption and invasion into DF-1 cells, synthesis of proviral DNA, and release of viral particles. UBE2J1 promoted the replication of ALV-A virus by promoting the synthesis of proviral DNA. This result was caused by UBE2J1 inhibiting the production of interferon by inhibiting the STAT3/IRF1 pathway. We mutated ser at position 184 of UBE2J1 to Gly and found that this site plays a role as the phosphorylation site of UBE2J1. We confirmed that UBE2J1 promotes ALV-A replication in chicken embryo fibroblasts by inhibiting the STAT3/IRF1 pathway. This study provides new ideas and insights into ubiquitin-related proteins and antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Wang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shiling Zheng
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chun Fang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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Elshafei SO, Mahmoud NA, Almofti YA. Immunoinformatics, molecular docking and dynamics simulation approaches unveil a multi epitope-based potent peptide vaccine candidate against avian leukosis virus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2870. [PMID: 38311642 PMCID: PMC10838928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid leukosis is a poultry neoplastic disease caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV) and is characterized by high morbidity and variable mortality rates in chicks. Currently, no effective treatment and vaccination is the only means to control it. This study exploited the immunoinformatics approaches to construct multi-epitope vaccine against ALV. ABCpred and IEDB servers were used to predict B and T lymphocytes epitopes from the viral proteins, respectively. Antigenicity, allergenicity and toxicity of the epitopes were assessed and used to construct the vaccine with suitable adjuvant and linkers. Secondary and tertiary structures of the vaccine were predicted, refined and validated. Structural errors, solubility, stability, immune simulation, dynamic simulation, docking and in silico cloning were also evaluated.The constructed vaccine was hydrophilic, antigenic and non-allergenic. Ramchandran plot showed most of the residues in the favored and additional allowed regions. ProsA server showed no errors in the vaccine structure. Immune simulation showed significant immunoglobulins and cytokines levels. Stability was enhanced by disulfide engineering and molecular dynamic simulation. Docking of the vaccine with chicken's TLR7 revealed competent binding energies.The vaccine was cloned in pET-30a(+) vector and efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli. This study provided a potent peptide vaccine that could assist in tailoring a rapid and cost-effective vaccine that helps to combat ALV. However, experimental validation is required to assess the vaccine efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham O Elshafei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nuha A Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yassir A Almofti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri, P.O. Box 1660, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Comparison of Endogenous Alpharetroviruses (ALV-like) across Galliform Species: New Distant Proviruses. Microorganisms 2023; 12:86. [PMID: 38257913 PMCID: PMC10820513 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Genus Alpharetrovirus contains viruses pathogenic mainly for chickens, forming the Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Virus group (ASLV). Cells of most Galliform species, besides chickens, contain genetic elements (endogenous retroviruses, ERVs) that could recombine with other alpharetroviruses or express proteins, complementing defective ASLV, which may successfully replicate and cause disease. However, they are quite unknown, and only ALV-F, from ring-necked pheasants, has been partially published. Upon scrutiny of 53 genomes of different avian species, we found Alpharetrovirus-like sequences only in 12 different Galliformes, including six full-length (7.4-7.6 Kbp) and 27 partial sequences. Phylogenetic studies of the regions studied (LTR, gag, pol, and env) consistently resulted in five almost identical clades containing the same ERVs: Clade I (presently known ASLVs); Clade II (Callipepla spp. ERVs); Clade IIIa (Phasianus colchicus ERVs); Clade IIIb (Alectoris spp. ERVs); and Clade IV (Centrocercus spp. ERVs). The low pol identity scores suggested that each of these Clades may be considered a different species. ORF analysis revealed that putatively encoded proteins would be very similar in length and domains to those of other alpharetroviruses and thus potentially functional. This will undoubtedly contribute to better understanding the biology of defective viruses, especially in wild Galliformes, their evolution, and the danger they may represent for other wild species and the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (A.D.)
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Group, “Animal Viruses” of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (A.D.)
- Research Group, “Animal Viruses” of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Group, “Animal Viruses” of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (A.D.)
- Research Group, “Animal Viruses” of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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