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De Boeck G, Lardon I, Eyckmans M, Vu TN, Laukens K, Dommisse R, Wood CM. Spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, shows a good tolerance for hypoxia but need long recovery times. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae054. [PMID: 39139733 PMCID: PMC11320369 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Pacific spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, move to shallow coastal waters during critical reproductive life stages and are thus at risk of encountering hypoxic events which occur more frequently in these areas. For effective conservation management, we need to fully understand the consequences of hypoxia on marine key species such as elasmobranchs. Because of their benthic life style, we hypothesized that S. suckleyi are hypoxia tolerant and able to efficiently regulate oxygen consumption, and that anaerobic metabolism is supported by a broad range of metabolites including ketones, fatty acids and amino acids. Therefore, we studied oxygen consumption rates, ventilation frequency and amplitude, blood gasses, acid-base regulation, and changes in plasma and tissue metabolites during progressive hypoxia. Our results show that critical oxygen levels (P crit) where oxyregulation is lost were indeed low (18.1% air saturation or 28.5 Torr at 13°C). However, many dogfish behaved as oxyconformers rather than oxyregulators. Arterial blood PO2 levels mostly decreased linearly with decreasing environmental PO2. Blood gases and acid-base status were dependent on open versus closed respirometry but in both set-ups ventilation frequency increased. Hypoxia below Pcrit resulted in an up-regulation of anaerobic glycolysis, as evidenced by increased lactate levels in all tissues except brain. Elasmobranchs typically rely on ketone bodies as oxidative substrates, and decreased concentrations of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate were observed in white muscle of hypoxic and/or recovering fish. Furthermore, reductions in isoleucine, glutamate, glutamine and other amino acids were observed. After 6 hours of normoxic recovery, changes persisted and only lactate returned to normal in most tissues. This emphasizes the importance of using suitable bioindicators adjusted to preferred metabolic pathways of the target species in conservation physiology. We conclude that Pacific spiny dogfish can tolerate severe transient hypoxic events, but recovery is slow and negative impacts can be expected when hypoxia persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun De Boeck
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield BC V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lardon
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- INVE Aquaculture, Hoogveld 93, 9200 Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Marleen Eyckmans
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Trung Nghia Vu
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Kris Laukens
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roger Dommisse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Chris M Wood
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Fontinha F, Martins N, Campos G, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A. The Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Immune and Oxidative Responses of European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax): An Ex Vivo Approach. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1360. [PMID: 38731364 PMCID: PMC11083385 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the intestinal interactions between three short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), namely, acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio anguillarum) in intestinal explants of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. The anterior intestine of 12 fish with an average weight of 100 g (killed by excess anesthesia with 2-phenoxyethanol) were sampled and placed in 24-well plates. The experimental treatments consisted of a control medium and a control plus 1 mM or 10 mM of sodium acetate (SA), sodium butyrate (SB), and sodium propionate (SP). After 2 h of incubation, the explants were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum at 1 × 107 CFU/mL for 2 h. After the bacterial challenge, and regardless of the SCFA treatment, the oxidative stress-related genus catalase (cat) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were down-regulated and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) was up-regulated. Furthermore, the immune-related genes, i.e., the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and nuclear factor (NF-Kβ) were also up-regulated, and interleukin 10 (IL-10) was down-regulated. During the pre-challenge, sodium propionate and sodium butyrate seemed to bind the G-protein coupled receptor (grp40L), increasing its expression. During the challenge, citrate synthase (cs) was down-regulated, indicating that the SCFAs were used as an energy source to increase the immune and oxidative responses. Overall, our results suggest that sodium propionate and sodium butyrate may boost European sea bass immune response at the intestine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Fontinha
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (N.M.); (G.C.); (H.P.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nicole Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (N.M.); (G.C.); (H.P.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Campos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (N.M.); (G.C.); (H.P.)
| | - Helena Peres
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (N.M.); (G.C.); (H.P.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (N.M.); (G.C.); (H.P.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Ibrahim RE, Elshobaky G, ElHady M, Abdelwarith AA, Younis EM, Rhouma NR, Murad SK, Yassin EMM, Khamis T, Ismail SH, Davies SJ, Abdel Rahman AN. Nelumbo nucifera synthesized selenium nanoparticles modulate the immune-antioxidants, biochemical indices, and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines pathways in Oreochromis niloticus infected with Aeromonas veronii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109287. [PMID: 38092091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is considered one of the major issues in fish culturing that results in economic losses. Metal nanoparticles are a cutting-edge and effective disease management and preventive strategy because of their antibacterial ability. In this investigation, the selenium nanoparticles were prepared by a biological method using Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of N. nucifera synthesized selenium nanoparticles (NN-SeNPs) was tested against Aeromonas veronii. A treatment assay was conducted on 210 Oreochromis niloticus (average body weight: 27 ± 2.00 g). A preliminary approach was conducted on 90 fish for determination of the therapeutic concentration of NN-SeNPs which was found to be 4 mg/L. Fish (n = 120) were categorized into four groups for 10 days; G1 (control) and G2 (NN-SeNPs) were non-challenged and treated with 0 and 4 mg/L NN-SeNPs, respectively. While, G3 and G4 were infected with 2 × 106 CFU/mL of A. veronii and treated with 0 and 4 mg/L NN-SeNPs, respectively. NN-SeNPs exhibited an inhibition zone against A. veronii with a diameter of 16 ± 1.25 mm. The A. veronii infection increased the hepato-renal biomarkers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and creatinine) than the control group. An oxidative stress was the consequence of A. veronii infection (higher malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels with lower glutathione peroxidase superoxide, dismutase, and catalase activity). A. veronii infection resulted in lower immunological biomarker values (immunoglobulin M, lysozyme, and complement 3) with higher expression of the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-ɑ) as well as lower expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β). Therapeutic application with 4 mg/L NN-SeNPs prevented the disease progression; and modulated the hepato-renal function disruptions, oxidant-immune dysfunction, as well as the pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines pathway in the A. veronii-infected fish. These findings suggest that NN-SeNPs, employed as a water therapy, can safeguard fish from the harmful effects of A. veronii and serve as a promising antibacterial agent for sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida E Ibrahim
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Gehad Elshobaky
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed ElHady
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasreddin R Rhouma
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, PO Box 2478, Misurata, Libya
| | - Suzan K Murad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Misurata University, PO Box2478, Libya
| | - Engy Mohamed Mohamed Yassin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Campus, 6th October City, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91V8Y1, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Espírito-Santo C, Alburquerque C, Guardiola FA, Ozório ROA, Magnoni LJ. Induced swimming modified the antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110893. [PMID: 37604407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Swimming has relevant physiological changes in farmed fish, although the potential link between swimming and oxidative stress remains poorly studied. We investigated the effects of different medium-term moderate swimming conditions for 6 h on the antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), analyzing the activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress in the liver and skeletal red and white muscle. Forty fish were induced to swim individually with the following conditions: steady low (SL, 0.8 body length (BL)·s-1), steady high (SH, 2.3 BL·s-1), oscillating low (OL, 0.2-0.8 BL·s-1) and oscillating high (OH, 0.8-2.3 BL·s-1) velocities, and a non-exercised group with minimal water flow (MF, < 0.1 BL·s-1). All swimming conditions resulted in lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver compared to the MF group, while steady swimming (SL and SH) led to higher reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) compared to the MF condition. Swimming also differently modulated the antioxidant enzyme activities in red and white muscles. The OH condition increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the red muscle, decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio, whereas the SL condition led to increased GSH. Oscillating swimming conditions (OL and OH) led to lower CAT activity in the white muscle, although GPx activity was increased. The GSH/GSSG ratio in white muscle was increased in all swimming conditions. Liver and skeletal muscle antioxidant status was modulated by exercise, highlighting the importance of adequate swimming conditions to minimize oxidative stress in gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Espírito-Santo
- Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Portugal.
| | - Carmen Alburquerque
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo O A Ozório
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Portugal
| | - Leonardo J Magnoni
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
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Ma B, Liu Y, Pan W, Li Z, Ren C, Hu C, Luo P. Integrative Application of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provides Insights into Unsynchronized Growth in Sea Cucumber ( Stichopus monotuberculatus). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15478. [PMID: 36555118 PMCID: PMC9779819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever-increasing consumer demand for sea cucumbers mainly leads to huge damage to wild sea cucumber resources, including Stichopus monotuberculatus, which in turn exerts negative impacts on marine environments due to the lack of ecological functions performed by sea cucumbers. Aquaculture of sea cucumbers is an effective way to meet consumer demand and restore their resources. Unsynchronous growth is a prominent problem in the aquaculture of sea cucumbers which has concealed unelucidated molecular mechanisms until now. In this study, we carried out an integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics on fast-growing (SMF) and slow-growing (SMS) groups of S. monotuberculatus cultured in the same environmental conditions. The results revealed that a total of 2054 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which are mainly involved in fat digestion and absorption, histidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. 368 differential metabolites (DMs) were screened out between the SMF group and the SMS group; these metabolites are mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, pyrimidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. The integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics of S. monotuberculatus suggested that the SMF group had a higher capacity for lipid metabolism and protein synthesis, and had a more frequent occurrence of apoptosis events, which are likely to be related to coping with environmental stresses. The results of this study provide potential values for the aquaculture of sea cucumbers which may promote their resource enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhuobo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
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Rahman ANA, Mohamed AAR, Dahran N, Farag MFM, Alqahtani LS, Nassan MA, AlThobaiti SA, El-Naseery NI. Appraisal of sub-chronic exposure to lambada-cyhalothrin and/or methomyl on the behavior and hepato-renal functioning in Oreochromis niloticus: Supportive role of taurine-supplemented feed. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 250:106257. [PMID: 35933907 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existing study was designed to inspect the toxicological consequences of two pesticides; lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and methomyl (MTM) and their combination on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) behaviors, oxidative stress, hepato-renal function indices and microarchitectural alterations. In addition, the efficiency of taurine (TUR) to rescue their toxicity was also considered. Juvenile O. niloticus were assigned into eight groups. The control and TUR groups were fed on a basal diet and TUR-enriched (10 g kg1) diet, respectively. The other groups were fed on a basal diet, and exposed to LCT (0.079 µg L-1), MTM (20.39 µg L-1 and (LCT + MTM). The last three groups were (LCT + TUR), (MTM + TUR), and (LCT + MTM + TUR) and fed on a TUR-enriched diet during exposure to LCT and/or MTM for 60 days. The exposure to LCT and/or MTM resulted in several behavioral alterations and stress via enhanced cortisol and nor-epinephrine levels. A significant elevation of serum 8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, Alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine was also observed in these groups. Furthermore, reduced antioxidant enzymes activities, including (catlase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) with marked histopathological lesions in both liver and kidney tissues were detected. The up-regulated Bax and down-regulated Bcl-2 proteins were expressed in the liver and kidney tissues of LCT and/or MTM -exposed groups. Interestingly, all the observed alterations in behaviors, biochemical indices, and histo-architecture of renal and hepatic tissues were mitigated by TUR supplementation. The findings suggest that feeding O. niloticus dietary TUR may help to reduce the negative effects of LCT and/or MTM, and can also support kidney and liver health in O. niloticus, making it a promising aquaculture feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Sharkia, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F M Farag
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saed Ayidh AlThobaiti
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesma I El-Naseery
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
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How Different Dietary Methionine Sources Could Modulate the Hepatic Metabolism in Rainbow Trout? Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3238-3252. [PMID: 35877447 PMCID: PMC9315512 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquafeeds in which plant proteins are used to replace fishmeal, exogenous methionine (Met) sources are demanded to balance the amino acid composition of diets and meet the metabolic fish requirements. Nonetheless, since different synthetic Met sources are commercially available, it is important to determine their bioavailability and efficacy. To address this issue, we conducted a two-month feeding trial with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which were fed diets supplemented with five different forms of Met: Met-Met, L-Met, HMTBa, DL-Met, and Co DL-Met. No differences in growth performance were found in trout fed with different Met forms, but changes in the whole-body composition were found. In particular, Met-Met and L-Met promoted a significant body lipid reduction, whereas the protein retention was significantly increased in fish fed with HMTBa and Co DL-Met. The latter affected the hepatic Met metabolism promoting the trans-sulfuration pathway through the upregulation of CBS gene expression. Similarly, the L-Met enhanced the remethylation pathway through an increase in BHMT gene expression to maintain the cellular demand for Met. Altogether, our findings suggest an optimal dietary intake of all tested Met sources with similar promoting effects on fish growth and hepatic Met metabolism. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these effects warrant further investigation.
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Liu J, Pan M, Liu Y, Huang D, Luo K, Wu Z, Zhang W, Mai K. Taurine alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory cytokine expression and mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by high glucose in the muscle cells of olive flounder (Paralichthysolivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:358-368. [PMID: 35318136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of taurine on endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory cytokine expression and mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by high glucose in primary cultured muscle cells of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Three experimental groups were designed as follows: muscle cells of olive flounder incubated with three kinds of medium containing 5 mM glucose (control), 33 mM glucose (HG) or 33 mM glucose + 10 mM taurine (HG + T), respectively. Results showed that taurine addition significantly alleviated the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) induced by high glucose. The increase of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde content and cell apoptosis induced by high glucose were alleviated by taurine. Besides, gene expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, PKR-like ER kinase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, muscle atrophy F-box protein and muscle RING-finger protein 1 were significantly up-regulated in the HG group, and taurine addition decreased the expression of these genes. High glucose led to the swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Meanwhile, the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria induced by high glucose were suppressed by taurine addition. These results demonstrated that taurine alleviated ERS, inflammation and mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by high glucose in olive flounder muscle cells. The ROS production, NF-κB signaling pathway and mitochondria function were the main targets of the biological effects of taurine under high glucose condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
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9
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Biasato I, Chemello G, Caimi C, Oddon SB, Capucchio M, Colombino E, Schiavone A, Ceccotti C, Terova G, Gasco L. Taurine supplementation in plant-based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth performance, whole body composition, and histomorphological features. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, Abdel Rahman AN, Salem GA, Deib MM, Nassan MA, Rhouma NR, Khater SI. The Antioxidant Role of a Taurine-Enriched Diet in Combating the Immunotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Pyrethroids and/or Carbamates in Oreochromis niloticus. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051318. [PMID: 34062969 PMCID: PMC8148011 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Insecticidal pollution of surface waters is known to hurt the growth, survival, and breeding of aquatic animals. Different types of insecticides are known to be toxic to different aquatic organisms, particularly to fish species. In different types of wastewater, the fishes get exposed to different mixtures of insecticides. The current study hypothesized that co-exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and methomyl (MTM) insecticides might be more harmful due to duplicated effects than exposure to either one of them at a time. Oreochromis niloticus was the target fish in this study. The combative roles of taurine (TUR) against LCT and MTM exposures were evaluated. In the present work, exposure of O. niloticus to LCT and/or MTM exhibited adverse effects on immunological parameters, including leukocyte count, complement 3 concentration, antioxidant enzyme concentrations, and mRNA expression for cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and chemokines (CC and CXC). This study also elucidated the more severe toxic effect of LCT than exposure to MTM in O. niloticus fish. The immune response and growth performance of O. niloticus showed marked improvements when provided a 1% TUR-enriched supplement. Abstract Indiscriminate use of insecticides is a major concern due to its ubiquitous occurrence and potential toxicity to aquatic animals. This study investigated the adverse effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT; C23H19ClF3NO3) and methomyl (MTM; C5H10N2O2S) on immune system modulations and growth performance of juvenile fishes. The supportive role of a taurine (TUR; C2H7NO3S)-supplemented diet was also evaluated. Juvenile O. niloticus fishes were exposed to LCT (0.079 µg/L), MTM (20.39 µg/L), or both in water and were fed on a basal diet only or taurine-supplemented basal diet. Exposure to LCT and MTM retarded growth and increased mortality rate. LCT and MTM reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and innate and humoral immunity but upregulated interleukin and chemokine expressions. Moreover, exposure to LCT and MTM elevated 8-OHdG levels and increased the mortality of Oreochromis niloticus after the experimental bacterial challenge. The TUR-enriched diet enhanced antioxidant enzymes and acted as a growth promoter and anti-inflammatory agent. TUR can modify innate and adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, TUR supplementation is a beneficial additive candidate for mitigating LCT and MTM toxicities mixed with O. niloticus aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.-R.M.); (A.N.A.R.)
| | - Afaf N. Abdel Rahman
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.-R.M.); (A.N.A.R.)
| | - Gamal A. Salem
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Al-Jufra University, Houn 61602, Libya
| | - Maha M.El Deib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt; (M.M.E.D.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Mohamed A. Nassan
- Department of clinical laboratory sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nasreddin R. Rhouma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, Misurata 2478, Libya;
| | - Safaa I. Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt; (M.M.E.D.); (S.I.K.)
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11
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Li P, Bu H, Li B, Sun Y, Wang M, Song Z. Assessment of the efficacy of using taurine supplements to improve growth and feed utilization of juvenile starry flounder ( Platichthys stellatus) given diets based on soy-protein. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10597. [PMID: 33510970 PMCID: PMC7808265 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to assess the feasibility of supplementing taurine in soy-based diets for juvenile starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. The basal diet (Crude protein 66.5%, crude lipid 8.5%) was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% taurine to formulate six test diets. Each diet was fed to 40 juvenile fish (22.25 g) in triplicate tanks (120 L) attached to a sea water circulation-system. Fish were fed twice daily by hand to apparent satiation during the 56-d trial. At the end of the trial, fish were counted and weighed for the analyses of growth performance, diet utilization and survival after a 24-h fast. Blood, intestines and muscles were collected for the analyses of serum oxidation resistance, digestive enzymes and body compostion. Livers were collected from the remaining fish at 4 h post-feeding for metabolic enzymes analyses. The results showed that fish fed diets supplemented with 1.0–2.5% taurine grew from 22.25–22.26 g to 47.88–50.40 g with higher average weight gain (25.62–28.12 vs 23.07 g ), specific growth rate (1.37–1.46 vs 1.27%/d ), feed intake (1.04–1.06 vs 1.00%/d), protein efficiency (2.50–2.61 vs 2.44) and lower feed conversion rate (0.84–0.83 vs 0.89) than the control treatment. Diets supplemented with 1.5–2.5% taurine significantly elevated the activities of pepsin (2.47–2.55 vs 2.22, U mg−1 prot), trypsin of distal intestine(14.55–15.24 vs 11.94, U mg−1 prot), hepatic glucokinase (126.62–129.42 vs 105.56, U mg−1 prot) and fatty acid synthetase (125.56-136.89 vs 108.45, U mg−1 prot). All diets supplemented with taurine increased the activities of lipase (32.23–36.67 vs 29.53, U g−1 prot) and trypsin (35.85–37.89 vs 33.54, U mg−1 prot) of proximal intestine, hepatic aspartate transaminase (736.990–832.38 vs 699.24, U mg−1 prot), alanine aminotransferase (477.40–551.86 vs 373.97, U mg−1 prot) and glycogen synthase (2.16–2.59 vs 1.97, U mg−1 prot), as well as serum superoxide dismutase (4.33–4.59 vs 4.07, U mg−1 prot ) and glutathione peroxidase (42.23–50.25 vs 39.17, mol mg−1 prot). Therefore, taurine supplementation benefits juvenile starry flounder growth, digestion, nutrients metabolism and oxidation resistance. The optimal taurine requirement for starry flounder is 1.75%, and the recommended supplementation level is at least 1.6% for maximizing growth of fish fed a low-fishmeal diet (13.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Li
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | | | - Baoshan Li
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Yongzhi Sun
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhidong Song
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
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12
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Adeshina I, Abdel-Tawwab M. Dietary taurine incorporation to high plant protein-based diets improved growth, biochemical, immunity, and antioxidants biomarkers of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1323-1335. [PMID: 32185568 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant protein (PP) sources are generally used in high levels in fish diets. Mostly, PP sources are deficient in taurine; hence, there is a need for its supplementation to fish fed high PP diets. Therefore, effects of dietary taurine were examined on growth performance, feed utilization, immunity, and antioxidant parameters of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.). Fish (10.3 ± 0.4 g) were fed on diets (40% crude protein) containing different taurine levels of 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, or 40 g/kg diet for 12 weeks. Fish fed a taurine-free diet (the control) with high PP sources showed poor growth as compared with these fed taurine-enriched diets where taurine stimulatory effects were observed on fish growth and feed intake. Feed conversion ratio and fish survival rate were not significantly differed among different treatments. Fish fed taurine-enriched diets showed also higher levels of serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine over that fed the control diet. Furthermore, lysozyme and respiratory burst activities as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly elevated in fish fed taurine-enriched diets (P < 0.05) and their highest levels were observed in fish fed 30 g/kg diet. Additionally, taurine deposition in fish muscles was positively correlated with dietary taurine levels (P < 0.05). The present study concludes that taurine is a limiting factor for growth, immunity, and antioxidants responses of African catfish fed high PP-based diets and it should be incorporated in its diets with an optimum level of 20 g/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt.
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13
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Kotzamanis Y, Tsironi T, Brezas A, Grigorakis K, Ilia V, Vatsos I, Romano N, van Eys J, Kumar V. High taurine supplementation in plant protein-based diets improves growth and organoleptic characteristics of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sci Rep 2020; 10:12294. [PMID: 32703970 PMCID: PMC7378086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based proteins are increasingly being used in aquafeeds, but one of the limitations is taurine deficiency that can be especially detrimental for carnivorous fish. In this study, taurine supplementation in high plant protein diets (low fish meal, 15%) was investigated on the growth performance and fillet organoleptic characteristics of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), juveniles (78 ± 0.4 g). Five diets were formulated to contain 0 (C−), 5 (T5), 10 (T10) or 20 (T20) added taurine (g/kg), while a control diet (C+) included two-fold higher amount of fishmeal (30%) with no taurine supplementation. Seabass fed the T20 or C+ diet showed similar growth, which was significantly higher compared to those in the C-treatment. Histological examination of the muscle, liver and intestine were similar among treatments. No effect on spoilage bacterial growth or production of total volatile basic nitrogen was observed. Taurine supplementation significantly reduced fillet drip loss, while the fillets of European seabass fed the T10 and T20 diets showed significant higher and lower hardness and adhesiveness values, respectively. Moreover, fillet chewiness was also found to be significantly higher in fish fed the T20 diet compared to C+ and C− diets. Overall, it seems that high dietary taurine supplementation acted as a growth promoter and concurrently improved significantly the postharvest quality characteristics of seabass, which may be attributed to its role in maintaining cell membrane integrity and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Kotzamanis
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Agios Kosmas, Hellinikon, 16777, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theofania Tsironi
- Food Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Brezas
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Kriton Grigorakis
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Agios Kosmas, Hellinikon, 16777, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Ilia
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Agios Kosmas, Hellinikon, 16777, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vatsos
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Post Box 1490, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, USA
| | - Jan van Eys
- GANS Inc., 24 Av. de La Guillemotte, 78112, Fourqueux, France
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
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