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Ataollahi F, Piltz JW, Casburn GR, Holman BW. The quality and nutritional value of beef from Angus steers fed different levels of humate (K Humate S100R). Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100355. [PMID: 38706515 PMCID: PMC11067321 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effect of four levels of K Humate S100R (potassium humate) supplementation on the quality, shelf-life, and nutritional properties of beef. Angus steers (n = 40) were individually housed and fed either 0, 35, 70, or 140 g K Humate S100R/animal/day for 100 days, following a 30 day adjustment period. The steers were slaughtered at the completion of the feeding study. The left m. longissimus lumborum (LL) was collected at 24 h post-mortem and aged for either 2 or 6 weeks before analysis. K Humate S100R supplementation did not affect beef drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, sarcomere length, ultimate pH, intramuscular fat content, or total volatile basic nitrogen concentrations (P > 0.05). Steers supplemented with 70 g/day K Humate S100R produced beef with higher a* values on Days 1 and 3 of retail display (P < 0.05). Beef mineral composition was unchanged by K Humate S100R supplementation (P > 0.05), but there were minor changes to the fatty acid profile. Specifically, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (P < 0.05) and C20:2n-6 concentrations (P < 0.05) increased with supplementation level. Together, these results demonstrate no detrimental effects on beef quality and shelf-life as a result of K Humate S100R supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Ataollahi
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - John W. Piltz
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - Geoff R. Casburn
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - Benjamin W.B. Holman
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
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Wang D, Zheng Y, Fan Y, He Y, Liu K, Deng S, Liu Y. Sodium Humate-Derived Gut Microbiota Ameliorates Intestinal Dysfunction Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0534822. [PMID: 37067423 PMCID: PMC10269575 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05348-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen that is one of the main causes of gastroenteric disease in humans and animals. As a natural organic substance, sodium humate (HNa) possesses antibacterial, antidiarrheal, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is unclear whether the HNa and HNa-derived microbiota exert alleviative effects on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-induced enteritis. We found that treatment with HNa disrupted the cell wall of S. Typhimurium and decreased the virulence gene expression. Next, we explored the effect of HNa presupplementation on S. Typhimurium-induced murine enteritis. The results revealed that HNa ameliorated intestinal pathological damage. In addition, we observed that presupplementation with HNa enhanced intestinal barrier function via modulating gut microbiota, downregulating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathways, regulating intestinal mucosal immunity, and enhancing tight junction protein expression. To further validate the effect of HNa-derived microbiota on S. Typhimurium-induced enteritis, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation and found that HNa-derived microbiota also alleviated S. Typhimurium-induced intestinal damage. It is noteworthy that both HNa and HNa-derived microbiota improved the liver injury caused by S. Typhimurium infection. Collectively, this is the first study to confirm that HNa could alleviate S. Typhimurium-induced enteritis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. This study provides a new perspective on HNa as a potential drug to prevent and treat salmonellosis. IMPORTANCE Salmonella Typhimurium is an important zoonotic pathogen, widely distributed in nature. S. Typhimurium is one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide, and more than 350,000 people died from Salmonella infection each year, which poses a substantial risk to public health and causes a considerable economic loss. Here, we found that the S. Typhimurium infection caused severe intestinal and liver damage. In addition, we first found that sodium humate (HNa) and HNa-derived gut microbiota can alleviate S. Typhimurium infection-induced intestinal damage. These findings extend the knowledge about the public health risk and pathogenic mechanisms of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yingce Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuying Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shouxiang Deng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Hriciková S, Kožárová I, Hudáková N, Reitznerová A, Nagy J, Marcinčák S. Humic Substances as a Versatile Intermediary. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040858. [PMID: 37109387 PMCID: PMC10142745 DOI: 10.3390/life13040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances are organic ubiquitous components arising in the process of chemical and microbiological oxidation, generally called humification, the second largest process of the carbon cycle. The beneficial properties of these various substances can be observed in many fields of life and health, whether it is the impact on the human organism, as prophylactic as well as the therapeutic effects; animal physiology and welfare, which is widely used in livestock farming; or the impact of humic substances on the environment and ecosystem in the context of renewal, fertilization and detoxification. Since animal health, human health and environmental health are interconnected and mutually influencing, this work brings insight into the excellence of the use of humic substances as a versatile mediator contributing to the promotion of One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Hriciková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivona Kožárová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Hudáková
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Reitznerová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Nagy
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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Amylolytic and Cellulolytic Activities, the Digestibility of Dry Matter of Broiler Chickens After Feed Intake of Humic Substances. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of feed intake of humic substances (HS) on the cellulolytic and amylolytic activities, and the digestibility of dry matter (DM) in the chymus of the intestine and ileum of broiler chickens (Cobb 500). Four groups of birds (A, B, C, negative control; n = 120) were fed with mash diets (starter HYD1 230.20, grower HYD2 222.20, finisher HYD3 209.40 g crude protein (CP) per kg of DM) with the added HS from day 1 to 37 days as follows: A ‒ 0.7 % Humac nature; B ‒ 0.7 % Humac nature monogastric (HNM); C ‒ 0.5 % HNM (Humac Ltd., Slovakia). The cellulolytic activities were increased in the intestine in B/C by 2.50 (P < 0.01)/1.65 (P < 0.05) on day 3 and 1.02 (P < 0.001)/0.3 (P < 0.05) µmol.l−1.min−1.g−1 on day 24. There were observed higher values of digestibility coefficient of DM in the intestine (P < 0.05) in C by 15.14 % and 14.85 %, and in B by 20.73 % on days 17, 24 and 31, respectively. The enhancement of ileal digestibility of DM was observed in B by 7.38 % (P < 0.05) and CP in A and B by 3.7% and 6.1% (P < 0.05). The feed intake of HS favourably influenced the cellulolytic activities and increased the DM digestibility in the intestine and the ileum, as well as the CP digestibility in the ileum.
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El-Ratel IT, El Basuini MFM, Khattab AAA, Mekawy AI, Fouda SF. Ameliorative impacts of sodium humate on heat-stressed laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:712-722. [PMID: 35864780 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A total of 300 laying Japanese quails (230.10 ± 20 g body weight) divided into four groups (15 birds in 5 replicates/group) were used to examine the impacts of dietary sodium humate (SH) supplementation at levels of 0% (control diet), 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% on egg variables and physiological merits of laying quails for 10 weeks under heat stress conditions (15 June and 23 August 2021). Results showed 0.4% SH increased (p < 0.05) weight (12.27 vs. 11.91 g), production (79.84% vs. 69.20%), mass (597.13 vs. 510.48 g) and brokenness (2.8% vs. 5.4%) of eggs as compared to control. Egg shape, shell thickness, shell strength and cholesterol content as well as feed conversion ratio were higher (80.2, 295.8 µm, 1.468 kg/cm,2 11.08 mg/g and 2.69, p < 0.05) in 0.4% SH than in control group (75.2, 279.0 µm, 1.304 kg/cm,2 14.94 mg/g and 2.76). Feed intake, percentages of eggs' shells, yolk, albumen and serum biochemistry (total protein, albumin, AST and HDL) were not altered with the dietary SH. Birds fed on SH diets showed higher levels of globulin, calcium and phosphorus, as well as lower contents of albumin/globulin ratio, triglycerides, cholesterol, corticosterone compared with the control. Regression analysis of antioxidants expected higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase at 0.35%, and glutathione at 0.40% SH, while the lowest concentration of malondialdehyde was computed at 0.45%. Similarly, immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) maximum values were determined at 0.35% and 0.40% levels. Moreover, the concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha increased (p < 0.05) in all SH levels as compared to the control group. It is conceivable to conclude that the dietary implementation of SH at a level of 0.4% improved egg variables and well-being aspects of laying quail exposed to heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim T El-Ratel
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F M El Basuini
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A A Khattab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aml I Mekawy
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sara F Fouda
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Humic Acids Preparation, Characterization, and Their Potential Adsorption Capacity for Aflatoxin B 1 in an In Vitro Poultry Digestive Model. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020083. [PMID: 36828398 PMCID: PMC9962053 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vermicompost was used for humic acid (HA) preparation, and the adsorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated. Two forms of HA were evaluated, natural HA and sodium-free HA (SFHA). As a reference, a non-commercial zeolitic material was employed. The adsorbents were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), zeta potential (ζ-potential), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The adsorbent capacity of the materials when added to an AFB1-contaminated diet (100 µg AFB1/kg) was evaluated using an in vitro model that simulates the digestive tract of chickens. Characterization results revealed the primary functional groups in HA and SFHA were carboxyl and phenol. Furthermore, adsorbents have a highly negative ζ-potential at the three simulated pH values. Therefore, it appears the main influencing factors for AFB1 adsorption are electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Moreover, the bioavailability of AFB1 in the intestinal section was dramatically decreased when sorbents were added to the diet (0.2%, w/w). The highest AFB1 adsorption percentages using HA and SFHA were 97.6% and 99.7%, respectively. The zeolitic material had a considerable adsorption (81.5%). From these results, it can be concluded that HA and SFHA from vermicompost could be used as potential adsorbents to remove AFB1 from contaminated feeds.
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López-García YR, Gómez-Rosales S, Angeles MDL, Jiménez-Severiano H, Merino-Guzman R, Téllez-Isaias G. Effect of the Addition of Humic Substances on Morphometric Analysis and Number of Goblet Cells in the Intestinal Mucosa of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020212. [PMID: 36670752 PMCID: PMC9855014 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of humic substances (HS) as growth promoters in poultry are unknown. In this study, the productive performance, histology, and number of goblet cells (GC) in the intestinal villi of broilers under steady-state digestive conditions and under abrupt changes in diet with the addition of HS was evaluated. Broilers housed individually were offered three treatments from 14−28 days: 1 = diet with white corn/soybean meal, without growth promoter antibiotics (nonGPA); 2 = with GPA (GPA); and 3 = with 0.3% HS. At day 28, two diets were suddenly introduced: (A) white corn/soybean meal plus dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS); and (B) white/blue corn/soybean meal/DDGS, keeping the three original treatments. Diets A and B were also exchanged on day 37. FCR was lower with GPA and HS compared to nonGPA from 14−38 days (p < 0.05); at day 28, under steady-state digestive conditions, HS had a similar effect to GPA on the histology and GC number in the jejunum villi. The number of GC in the jejunum of HS-fed broilers on days 29 and 38, after diet changes, behaves similarly to that of AGP-fed broilers (p > 0.05). HS appears to strengthen the mucosal protection of the epithelium of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Román López-García
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 1 carretera a Colón, Queretaro 76280, Mexico
| | - Sergio Gómez-Rosales
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Km 1 carretera a Colón, Queretaro 76280, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-44-2362-6725
| | - María de Lourdes Angeles
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Km 1 carretera a Colón, Queretaro 76280, Mexico
| | - Héctor Jiménez-Severiano
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Km 1 carretera a Colón, Queretaro 76280, Mexico
| | - Rubén Merino-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
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Wang D, Jia H, Du Y, Liu Y. Effects of sodium humate and glutamine on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, blood parameters, and faecal microflora of pre-weaned calves. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:103-112. [PMID: 35315139 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of administration of sodium humate (HNa) and glutamine (Gln) on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, serum parameters, and faecal microflora of pre-weaned Holstein calves. In a 57-day experiment, 28 healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: (1) CON (control); (2) HNa (basal diet + 5% HNa); (3) Gln (basal diet + 1% Gln); and (4) HNa + Gln (basal diet + 5% HNa + 1% Gln). The calves in the CON group were fed with basal diet. HNa and Gln were alone or together mixed with milk (Days 1-20) or milk replacer (Days 21-57) and orally administered to each calf. The results indicated that calves combined supplemented with HNa and Gln had a higher average daily gain at 0-21 days, 21-57 days, and 0-57 days, and starter intake at 21-57 days and 0-57 days (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, calves in HNa, Gln, and HNa + Gln groups showed lower faecal scores and diarrhoea incidence at 0-21 days and 0-57 days (p < 0.05). Combined administration of HNa and Gln increased the concentration of IgG and IgA, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) but decreased the concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid (D-lac), TNF-α, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of calves compared with the CON group throughout the entire period (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were increased but the Escherichia coli was decreased in faecal grab samples of HNa + Gln group calves in comparison with the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined administration of HNa and Gln effectively improved the growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further reduced the diarrhoea incidence of the pre-weaned calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Jia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyi Du
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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Akaichi A, Jebali A, Benlarbi M, Mahjoub T, Kaboudi K, Chaouacha-Chekir RB, Haouas Z, Boudhrioua N. Effects of humic acid and organic acids supplements on performance, meat quality, leukocyte count, and histopathological changes in spleen and liver of broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:179-188. [PMID: 35842949 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Humic Acid (HA), Organic Acids (OA), and their combination (HAOA) on the growth performance, meat quality, leukocyte count, and histopathological changes in the liver and spleen of broiler chickens. A total of 2100 one-day-old mix-sexed broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per treatment using 105 birds per pen (pen is used as an experimental unit). Treatments were: 1) Control (basal diet without additives), 2) Basal diet +0.1% HA, 3) Basel diet +0.1% HA+ 0.02% OA, 4) Basel diet +0.02% OA. Growth performance was not significantly affected by all dietary treatments during the experiment period. Sensory evaluation of breast meat indicated a significant positive response for color and smell corresponding to treatment 2) Basal diet +0.1% HA and treatment 3) Basel diet +0.1% HA+ 0.02% OA (P < 0.05). Birds receiving HA and HAOA developed fewer hepatic lesions compared to the control group (P < 0.05) and showed normal spleen structure with the extension of the white pulp area. Supplementation of HAOA corresponds to a lower heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. The combination of HA and OA improves sensory attributes of cooked breast meat, H/L ratio, and preserves the histological structure of the spleen and liver of broiler chickens. HAOA can be recommended as a combined feed additive to improve broiler chickens' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akaichi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Abdallah Jebali
- Poulina Group Holding, Z.I. Borj Cédria, Bir Bey 2055, Ben Arous, Tunisia.
| | - Maha Benlarbi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia; The Institute for Biomedical and Bioscience Research, the Clore Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, the University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG Buckingham, UK
| | - Tarek Mahjoub
- Biochemistry Laboratory, National School of Veterinary Medicine Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Kaboudi
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Manouba University, Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Rafika Ben Chaouacha-Chekir
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Av. Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nourhene Boudhrioua
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia.
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Wang D, You Z, Du Y, Zheng D, Jia H, Liu Y. Influence of Sodium Humate on the Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Blood Parameters, and Fecal Microflora of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010123. [PMID: 35011229 PMCID: PMC8749607 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of sodium humate (NaH) on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and fecal microflora of pre-weaned Holstein calves. In a 53-day experiment, forty healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to the following four treatment groups: (1) control (basal diet); (2) 1-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 1 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); (3) 3-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 3 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); and (4) 5-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 5 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily). NaH was mixed with milk (d 2–20) or milk replacer (d 21–53). Calves in the 5-gram NaH group had a higher ADG during d 1 to 21 and d 21 to 53 than the other groups did (p < 0.05). Fecal scores and diarrheal incidence were significantly lower in the 3-gram and 5-gram NaH groups than the 1-gram NaH and control groups during d 1 to 20 (p < 0.05). The serum IgA, IgG and IL-4 concentrations, and T-SOD and T-AOC activities were higher, and the serum IL-6, TNF-α, D-lactic acid, and MDA concentrations were lower in the 5-gram NaH group than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NaH supplementation increased the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli in feces (p < 0.05). These encouraging findings indicated that supplementation with 5 g of NaH effectively improved the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further improved the growth performance and reduced the diarrhea incidence of the pre-weaned dairy calves.
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Gómez-Rosales S, Angeles ML, López-Hernández LH, López-Garcia YR, Domínguez-Negrete A. Responses of Broiler Chickens Fed Low or High Non-Starch Polysaccharide Diets and the Addition of Humic Substances from a Worm Compost. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gómez-Rosales
- National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research Ringgold standard institution, Mexico
| | - ML Angeles
- National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research Ringgold standard institution, Mexico
| | - LH López-Hernández
- National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research Ringgold standard institution, Mexico
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Angeles ML, Gómez-Rosales S, López-Garcia YR, Montoya-Franco A. Growth Performance and Tibia Mineralization of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with a Liquid Extract of Humic Substances. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ML Angeles
- National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, Mexico
| | - S Gómez-Rosales
- National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, Mexico
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Maguey-González JA, Gómez-Rosales S, de Lourdes Angeles M, López-Hernández LH, Rodríguez-Hernández E, Solís-Cruz B, Hernández-Patlán D, Merino-Gúzman R, Téllez-Isaías G. Effects of humic acids on the recovery of different bacterial strains in an in vitro chicken digestive model. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reproductive toxicity of roundup®-treated feed on broiler breeder roosters and the amelioration of these deleterious effects with inclusion of humic acids in feed. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100215. [PMID: 34888431 PMCID: PMC8636858 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) such as RoundUp® are a staple of modern crop production, and as a result, residues of their ingredients are typically found in animal feeds. GBH ingredients have repeatedly been shown to impact the male reproductive health of various animals, but at present, the impact of GBH exposures on reproductive health have not been investigated in broiler breeder roosters. This study sought to determine the effect of these exposures on roosters as well as the ability of humic acids (HA) to counteract the effect of GBH exposure. Through 18 weeks of treatment with Roundup®-added or HA-added feeds compared against a common broiler breeder mash, negative effects of Roundup® exposure were seen on testis morphology as well as sperm quality. Increased exposure to Roundup® ingredients resulted in increased vacuolation of seminiferous tubule epithelium. Exposure to Roundup® impacted assessments of sperm quality including sperm mobility, viability and count during the experimental trail. HA supplementation served as a promising adsorptive additive by improving both morphology and sperm quality during the trial. Roundup® exposure was shown to have a negative influence on broiler breeder rooster reproductive health while HA improved reproductive health. The use of HA as an absorbent additive in broiler breeder feeds shows promise in improving reproductive efficiency in broiler breeders.
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Domínguez-Negrete A, Gómez-Rosales S, Angeles MDL, López-Hernández LH, Reis de Souza TC, Latorre-Cárdenas JD, Téllez-Isaias G. Addition of Different Levels of Humic Substances Extracted from Worm Compost in Broiler Feeds. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113199. [PMID: 34827930 PMCID: PMC8614351 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different sources and inclusion levels of humic substances (HS) have been tested in broiler rations as an alternative to the addition of growth promoter antibiotics (GPA) with promising results. The current study was carried out to assess the influence of HS extracted from worm compost on broiler production parameters, carcass yield, tibia characteristics, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, excretion of Eimeria oocysts, and antioxidant status of breast meat. A total of 1200 broilers were used, housed in groups of 30 per pen, and assigned to five treatments: 1 = basal diet with GPA (positive control), 2 = basal diet without GPA (negative control), 3-5 = basal diet with 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45% HS, respectively. The data was subjected to a variance analysis and orthogonal contrasts. The FI decreased linearly (p < 0.05) from 1-14, 29-42, and 1-42 days as the inclusion of HS in the feed increased. The FCR had quadratic responses (p < 0.01) from 29-42 and 1-42 days concerning the HS inclusion levels. Lactic acid bacteria was higher (p ˂ 0.05) in ten-day-old chicks with 0.45% HS in the diet. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity antioxidant potential decreased linearly (p < 0.05) concerning increasing HS in the feed. The results indicate that HS can be used as growth promoters in broiler feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Domínguez-Negrete
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (A.D.-N.); (T.C.R.d.S.)
| | - Sergio Gómez-Rosales
- National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology and Genetics, INIFAP, Km 1 Carretera a Colon Ajuchitlán, Queretaro 76280, Mexico; (M.d.L.A.); (L.H.L.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-44-2362-6725
| | - María de Lourdes Angeles
- National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology and Genetics, INIFAP, Km 1 Carretera a Colon Ajuchitlán, Queretaro 76280, Mexico; (M.d.L.A.); (L.H.L.-H.)
| | - Luis Humberto López-Hernández
- National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology and Genetics, INIFAP, Km 1 Carretera a Colon Ajuchitlán, Queretaro 76280, Mexico; (M.d.L.A.); (L.H.L.-H.)
| | - Tercia Cesaria Reis de Souza
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (A.D.-N.); (T.C.R.d.S.)
| | | | - Guillermo Téllez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.-C.); (G.T.-I.)
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Wang D, Du Y, Wang S, You Z, Liu Y. Effects of sodium humate and glutamine combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of weaned calves. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13584. [PMID: 34269503 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium humate (HNa) and glutamine (Gln) alone or combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of weaned Holstein calves. In a 14-day experiment, 40 calves at 51 ± 3 days of age were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: (1) NC (basal diet), (2) NC + 5% HNa, (3) NC + 1% Gln, and (4) NC + 5% HNa + 1% Gln. Calves combined supplementation with HNa and Gln had a higher (P < .05) ADG, serum concentration of glucose (GLU), IgA, and IgG but lower fecal scores, diarrhea incidence, serum concentration of TNF-α, and IL-10 compared with NC group (P < .05). Compared with NC group, HNa + Gln group showed higher (P < .05) serum GSH and T-AOC activities but lower (P < .05) concentration of MDA and D-lac. Furthermore, the abundances of Prevotella ruminicola, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus in rectal digesta were increased (P < .05), but the Escherichia coli was significantly decreased. In conclusion, combined supplementation with HNa and Gln can effectively improve the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora of the weaned calves while reducing diarrhea incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyi Du
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhendong You
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Effect of Broilers Chicken Diet Supplementation with Natural and Acidified Humic Substances on Quality of Produced Breast Meat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041087. [PMID: 33920276 PMCID: PMC8069141 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Meat quality can be influenced by incorporating additives into an animal’s diet. Humic substances (HS) are natural products which have the potential to improve the meat quality of broiler chickens. HS are used as antidiarrheal, analgesic, immunostimulatory, and antimicrobial agents in poultry production. The effects of natural and acidified HS supplements on broiler meat quality traits (growth performance, carcass yield, physicochemical composition, lipid oxidation, antioxidant activity of meat extracts, and sensory and colour characteristics) were studied. Both supplements were composed of Leonardite, whereby the acidified HS were treated with formic acid for better digestibility. The breast meat quality of experimental broiler groups fed with HS were affected in total protein and fat content, and both showed lower lipid oxidation and higher antioxidant activity of meat extracts after the storage period (7 days at 4 ± 2 °C). Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effect of two humic substances (HS) supplemented in broilers’ diet on the breast meat quality of broiler chickens. In this experiment, 120 pieces of one-day-old COBB500 broiler chickens were used. Broilers were divided into three groups, each containing 40 birds with three replications (13, 13, and 14 per one pen). Fattening lasted 38 days. The first experimental diet was supplemented with 0.7% of HS (HS0.7) and the second was enriched with 0.7% of acidified HS (HSA0.7). The control group of broilers (C) was fed a basal diet without the addition of any supplements. HS0.7 samples had the highest total protein content and the lowest content of fat (p < 0.01). The effects of broiler diet and storage had a significant impact on the pH of breast samples, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively. Supplementation of HS in broiler diet positively affected the lipid oxidation of breast meat samples, as indicated by the lower malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). HSA0.7 samples had significantly better juiciness after the storage period (p < 0.001). The quality of meat produced with supplementation of HS in broilers’ feed can be considered as valuable in human nutrition due to improved protein and fat content with decreased lipid oxidation.
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Murbach TS, Glávits R, Endres JR, Clewell AE, Hirka G, Vértesi A, Béres E, Pasics Szakonyiné I. A toxicological evaluation of a fulvic and humic acids preparation. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1242-1254. [PMID: 32995299 PMCID: PMC7505752 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicological evaluations of blk. 333 according to OECD guidelines were negative. Blk. 333 was not mutagenic in vitro and showed no in vivo genotoxic activity. The NOAEL of the 90-day study was 2000 mg/kg bw/d blk. 333—the highest dose tested. No target organs or treatment-related toxicological effects were identified. Our results are relevant to a safety assessment of human ingestion of blk. 333.
Humic substances are ubiquitous in soils and waters. These complex superstructures are derived from the decomposition of dead plant and animal matter and are vital to soil health. Their heterogenous composition is specific to their site of origin and is comprised of weakly bound aggregates of small organic compounds that can sequester minerals and make them available to plants. As such, they may possess potential nutritional value for humans, and extractions of fulvic and humic acids can be produced that could be suitable for such purposes. For this reason, we evaluated the toxicological profile of a specific preparation (blk. 333) of fulvic and humic acids derived from a lignite deposit in Alberta, Canada and found it to lack genotoxic potential in a bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mammalian micronucleus test. No general or organ toxicity was observed in Wistar rats following 90 days of continuous exposure, and a no observed adverse effect level (NOEAL) was determined at 2000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest tested dose. Our results suggest the feasibility of further evaluation for development of the preparation as a nutritional supplement in food.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- CDFA, California Department of Food and Agricultural
- Cl-HA, chlorinated humic acid
- DME, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- FA, fulvic acid
- FOB, functional observation battery
- Fulvic acid
- GLP, good laboratory practice
- HA, humic acid
- Humic acid
- MPCE, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes
- NOAEL
- NOAEL, no observed adverse effect level
- O3-HA, ozonated humic acid
- O3/Cl2-HA, ozonated and chlorinated humic acid
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- S9, post mitochondrial supernatant S9-mix Phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation system
- SCE, sister chromatid exchange
- SD, Sprague-Dawley
- SOP, standard operating procedure
- SPF, specific pathogen-free
- Safety
- TG, test guideline
- TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone
- Toxicity
- blk. 333
- fT4, free thyroxine
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Murbach
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 1425 Broadway, Suite 458, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Róbert Glávits
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Berlini utca 47-49, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | - John R Endres
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 1425 Broadway, Suite 458, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Amy E Clewell
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 1425 Broadway, Suite 458, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Gábor Hirka
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Berlini utca 47-49, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary.,Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary
| | - Adél Vértesi
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Béres
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary
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Dell’Anno M, Hejna M, Sotira S, Caprarulo V, Reggi S, Pilu R, Miragoli F, Callegari ML, Panseri S, Rossi L. Evaluation of leonardite as a feed additive on lipid metabolism and growth of weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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