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Mekala JR, Nalluri HP, Reddy PN, S B S, N S SK, G V S D SK, Dhiman R, Chamarthy S, Komaragiri RR, Manyam RR, Dirisala VR. Emerging trends and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies. Gene 2024; 925:148607. [PMID: 38797505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being used to prevent, detect, and treat a broad spectrum of malignancies and infectious and autoimmune diseases. Over the past few years, the market for mAbs has grown exponentially. They have become a significant part of many pharmaceutical product lines, and more than 250 therapeutic mAbs are undergoing clinical trials. Ever since the advent of hybridoma technology, antibody-based therapeutics were realized using murine antibodies which further progressed into humanized and fully human antibodies, reducing the risk of immunogenicity. Some of the benefits of using mAbs over conventional drugs include a drastic reduction in the chances of adverse reactions, interactions between drugs, and targeting specific proteins. While antibodies are very efficient, their higher production costs impede the process of commercialization. However, their cost factor has been improved by developing biosimilar antibodies, which are affordable versions of therapeutic antibodies. Along with biosimilars, innovations in antibody engineering have helped to design bio-better antibodies with improved efficacy than the conventional ones. These novel mAb-based therapeutics are set to revolutionize existing drug therapies targeting a wide spectrum of diseases, thereby meeting several unmet medical needs. In the future, mAbs generated by applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) are expected to become a powerful tool in clinical therapeutics. This article describes the methods of mAb production, pre-clinical and clinical development of mAbs, approved indications targeted by mAbs, and novel developments in the field of mAb research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
| | - Hari P Nalluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Prakash Narayana Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government College, Visakhapatnam 530013, India
| | - Sainath S B
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore 524320, AP, India
| | - Sampath Kumar N S
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Sai Kiran G V S D
- Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal, Kurnool 518501, AP, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008, India
| | - Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Raghava Rao Komaragiri
- Department of CSE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522302, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravati Campus, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India.
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2
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Jun T, Shin SH, Won YY. Engineered polymeric excipients for enhancing the stability of protein biologics: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PNIPAM-PEG) block copolymers. Int J Pharm 2024; 664:124636. [PMID: 39197798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics, particularly antibodies, depend on maintaining their native structures for optimal function. Hydrophobic interfaces, such as the air-water interface, can trigger protein aggregation and denaturation. While completely avoiding such interfacial exposures during manufacturing and storage is impractical, minimizing them is crucial for enhancing protein drug stability and extending shelf life. In the biologics industry, surfactants like polysorbates are commonly used as additives (excipients) to mitigate these undesirable interfacial exposures. However, polysorbates, the most prevalent choice, have recognized limitations in terms of polydispersity, purity, and stability, prompting the exploration of alternative excipients. The present study identifies poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PNIPAM-PEG) block copolymers as a promising alternative to polysorbates. Due to its stronger affinity for the air-water interface, PNIPAM-PEG significantly outperforms polysorbates in enhancing protein stability. This claim is supported by results from multiple tests. Accelerated dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments demonstrate PNIPAM-PEG's exceptional efficacy in preserving IgG stability against surface-induced aggregation, surpassing conventional polysorbate excipients (Tween 80 and Tween 20) under high-temperature conditions. Additionally, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy results reveal conformational alterations associated with aggregation, with PNIPAM-PEG consistently demonstrates a greater protective effect by mitigating negative shifts at λ ≅ 220 nm, indicative of changes in secondary structure. Overall, this study positions PNIPAM-PEG as a promising excipient for antibody therapeutics, facilitating the development of more stable and effective biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesuk Jun
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sung-Ho Shin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - You-Yeon Won
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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3
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Shiffer EM, Oyer JL, Copik AJ, Parks GD. Parainfluenza Virus 5 V Protein Blocks Interferon Gamma-Mediated Upregulation of NK Cell Inhibitory Ligands and Improves NK Cell Killing of Neuroblastoma Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:1270. [PMID: 39205244 PMCID: PMC11359056 DOI: 10.3390/v16081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can be effective immunotherapeutic anti-cancer agents due to their ability to selectively target and kill tumor cells. This activity is modulated by the interaction of NK cell receptors with inhibitory ligands on the surface of target cells. NK cell inhibitory ligands can be upregulated on tumor cell surfaces in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a cytokine which is produced by activated NK cells. We hypothesized that the resistance of tumor cells to NK cell killing could be overcome by expression of the parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) V protein, which has known roles in blocking IFN-γ signaling. This was tested with human PM21-NK cells produced through a previously developed particle-based method which yields superior NK cells for immunotherapeutic applications. Infection of human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells with PIV5 blocked IFN-γ-mediated upregulation of three NK cell inhibitory ligands and enhanced in vitro killing of these tumor cells by PM21-NK cells. SK-N-SH cells transduced to constitutively express the V protein alone were resistant to IFN-γ-mediated increases in cell surface expression of NK cell inhibitory ligands. Real-time in vitro cell viability assays demonstrated that V protein expression in SK-N-SH cells was sufficient to increase PM21-NK cell-mediated killing. Toward a potential therapeutic application, transient lentiviral delivery of the V gene also enhanced PM21-NK cell killing in vitro. Our results provide the foundation for novel therapeutic applications of V protein expression in combination with ex vivo NK cell therapy to effectively increase the killing of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Griffith D. Parks
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (E.M.S.); (J.L.O.); (A.J.C.)
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1301-1367. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Huang J, Hong S, Goh LYH, Zhang H, Peng T, Chow KT, Gokhale R, Tuliani V. Investigation on the Combined Effect of Hydroxypropyl Beta-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and Polysorbate in Monoclonal Antibody Formulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:528. [PMID: 38675488 PMCID: PMC11054243 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies require careful formulation due to their inherent stability limitations. Polysorbates are commonly used to stabilize mAbs, but they are prone to degradation, which results in unwanted impurities. KLEPTOSE® HPβCD (hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin) has functioned as a stable stabilizer for protein formulations in our previous research. The current study investigates the collaborative impact of combining polysorbates and HPβCD as excipients in protein formulations. The introduction of HPβCD in formulations showed it considerably reduced aggregation in two model proteins, bevacizumab and ipilimumab, following exposure to various stress conditions. The diffusion interaction parameter revealed a reduction in protein-protein interactions by HPβCD. In bevacizumab formulations, the subvisible particle counts per 0.4 mL of samples in commercial formulations vs. formulations containing both HPβCD and polysorbates subjected to distinct stressors were as follows: agitation, 87,308 particles vs. 15,350 particles; light, 25,492 particles vs. 6765 particles; and heat, 1775 particles vs. 460 particles. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurement indicated a weak interaction between PS 80 and HPβCD, with a KD value of 74.7 ± 7.5 µM and binding sites of 5 × 10-3. Surface tension measurements illustrated that HPβCD enhanced the surface activity of polysorbates. The study suggests that combining these excipients can improve mAb stability in formulations, offering an alternative for the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Huang
- Pharma Applied Sciences, Roquette Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., Singapore 138588, Singapore; (J.H.); (S.H.); (L.Y.H.G.); (H.Z.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Shiqi Hong
- Pharma Applied Sciences, Roquette Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., Singapore 138588, Singapore; (J.H.); (S.H.); (L.Y.H.G.); (H.Z.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Lucas Yuan Hao Goh
- Pharma Applied Sciences, Roquette Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., Singapore 138588, Singapore; (J.H.); (S.H.); (L.Y.H.G.); (H.Z.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Pharma Applied Sciences, Roquette Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., Singapore 138588, Singapore; (J.H.); (S.H.); (L.Y.H.G.); (H.Z.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Tao Peng
- Pharma Applied Sciences, Roquette Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., Singapore 138588, Singapore; (J.H.); (S.H.); (L.Y.H.G.); (H.Z.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Keat Theng Chow
- Pharma Applied Sciences, Roquette Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., Singapore 138588, Singapore; (J.H.); (S.H.); (L.Y.H.G.); (H.Z.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Rajeev Gokhale
- Global Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roquette America Inc., 2211 Innovation Drive, Geneva, IL 60134, USA;
| | - Vinod Tuliani
- Roquette Pharmaceutical Innovation Center, Lower Gwynedd Township, PA 19002, USA;
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Pinetre J, Delcourt V, Becher F, Garcia P, Barnabé A, Loup B, Popot MA, Fenaille F, Bailly-Chouriberry L. High-throughput untargeted screening of biotherapeutic macromolecules in equine plasma by UHPLC-HRMS/MS: Application to monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:199-209. [PMID: 37337992 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Many innovative biotherapeutics have been marketed in the last decade. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and Fc-fusion proteins (Fc-proteins) have been developed for the treatment of diverse diseases (cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory disorders) and now represent an important part of targeted therapies. However, the ready availability of such biomolecules, sometimes characterized by their anabolic, anti-inflammatory, or erythropoiesis-stimulating properties, raises concerns about their potential misuse as performance enhancers for human and animal athletes. In equine doping control laboratories, a method has been reported to detect the administration of a specific human biotherapeutic in equine plasma; but no high-throughput method has been described for the screening without any a priori knowledge of human or murine biotherapeutic. In this context, a new broad-spectrum screening method involving UHPLC-HRMS/MS has been developed for the untargeted analysis of murine or human mAbs and related macromolecules in equine plasma. This approach, consisting of a "pellet digestion" strategy performed in a 96-well plate, demonstrates reliable performances at low concentrations (pmol/mL range) with high-throughput capability (≈100 samples/day). Targeting species-specific proteotypic peptides located within the constant parts of mAbs enables the "universal" detection of human biotherapeutics only by monitoring 10 peptides. As proof of principle, this strategy successfully detected different biotherapeutics in spiked plasma samples, and allowed, for the first time, the detection of a human mAb up to 10 days after a 0.12 mg/kg administration to a horse. This development will expand the analytical capabilities of horse doping control laboratories towards protein-based biotherapeutics with adequate sensitivity, throughput, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Pinetre
- GIE LCH, Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, Essonne, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, Ile de France, France
| | - Vivian Delcourt
- GIE LCH, Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, Essonne, France
| | - François Becher
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, Ile de France, France
| | - Patrice Garcia
- GIE LCH, Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, Essonne, France
| | - Agnès Barnabé
- GIE LCH, Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, Essonne, France
| | - Benoit Loup
- GIE LCH, Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, Essonne, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Popot
- GIE LCH, Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, Essonne, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, Ile de France, France
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Wu KW, Chen TH, Yang TC, Wang SC, Shameem M, Graham KS. Continuous monitoring of a monoclonal antibody by size exclusion chromatography reveals a correlation between system suitability parameters and column aging. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115622. [PMID: 37540994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a foundational analytical method to assess product purity of biological molecules. To ensure accurate and reproducible data that meet regulatory agency standards, it is critical to monitor the chromatographic column with efficient and continuous approaches. In this study, 19 SEC columns (Waters Acquity BEH200) were evaluated using an in-house monoclonal antibody made at Regeneron. System suitability parameters (SSPs) were used to monitor the performance of the SEC assay, including USP resolution, USP plate count, USP tailing factor, asymmetry factor, elution time, peak width, and peak height. A general linear model was built and revealed that elution time, peak width, asymmetry factor, and tailing factor increased with injection number, while peak height, resolution, and plate count decreased. After 1000 injections, tailing factor and peak width increased by more than 10%, while resolution and plate count decreased by more than 10% from their respective starting values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Tse-Hong Chen
- Formulation Development Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Teng-Chieh Yang
- Formulation Development Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Formulation Development Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Mohammed Shameem
- Formulation Development Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kenneth S Graham
- Formulation Development Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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8
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Rojekar S, Pallapati AR, Gimenez-Roig J, Korkmaz F, Sultana F, Sant D, Haeck C, Macdonald A, Kim SM, Rosen CJ, Barak O, Meseck M, Caminis J, Lizneva D, Yuen T, Zaidi M. Development and Biophysical Characterization of a Humanized FSH-Blocking Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutic Formulated at an Ultra-High Concentration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.11.540323. [PMID: 37214886 PMCID: PMC10197643 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly concentrated antibody formulations are oftentimes required for subcutaneous, self-administered biologics. Here, we report the creation of a unique formulation for our first-in- class FSH-blocking humanized antibody, MS-Hu6, which we propose to move to the clinic for osteoporosis, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. The studies were carried out using our Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) platform, compliant with the Code of Federal Regulations (Title 21, Part 58). We first used protein thermal shift, size exclusion chromatography, and dynamic light scattering to examine MS-Hu6 concentrations between 1 and 100 mg/mL. We found that thermal, monomeric, and colloidal stability of formulated MS-Hu6 was maintained at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. The addition of the antioxidant L-methionine and chelating agent disodium EDTA improved the formulation's long-term colloidal and thermal stability. Thermal stability was further confirmed by Nano differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Physiochemical properties of formulated MS-Hu6, including viscosity, turbidity, and clarity, conformed with acceptable industry standards. That the structural integrity of MS-Hu6 in formulation was maintained was proven through Circular Dichroism (CD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Three rapid freeze-thaw cycles at -80°C/25°C or -80°C/37°C further revealed excellent thermal and colloidal stability. Furthermore, formulated MS-Hu6, particularly its Fab domain, displayed thermal and monomeric storage stability for more than 90 days at 4°C and 25°C. Finally, the unfolding temperature (T m ) for formulated MS-Hu6 increased by >4.80°C upon binding to recombinant FSH, indicating highly specific ligand binding. Overall, we document the feasibility of developing a stable, manufacturable and transportable MS-Hu6 formulation at a ultra-high concentration at industry standards. The study should become a resource for developing biologic formulations in academic medical centers.
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Agrawal P, Wilkstein K, Guinn E, Mason M, Serrano Martinez CI, Saylae J. A Review of Tangential Flow Filtration: Process Development and Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Desai M, Kundu A, Hageman M, Lou H, Boisvert D. Monoclonal antibody and protein therapeutic formulations for subcutaneous delivery: high-concentration, low-volume vs. low-concentration, high-volume. MAbs 2023; 15:2285277. [PMID: 38013454 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2285277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologic drugs are used to treat a variety of cancers and chronic diseases. While most of these treatments are administered intravenously by trained healthcare professionals, a noticeable trend has emerged favoring subcutaneous (SC) administration. SC administration of biologics poses several challenges. Biologic drugs often require higher doses for optimal efficacy, surpassing the low volume capacity of traditional SC delivery methods like autoinjectors. Consequently, high concentrations of active ingredients are needed, creating time-consuming formulation obstacles. Alternatives to traditional SC delivery systems are therefore needed to support higher-volume biologic formulations and to reduce development time and other risks associated with high-concentration biologic formulations. Here, we outline key considerations for SC biologic drug formulations and delivery and explore a paradigm shift: the flexibility afforded by low-to-moderate-concentration drugs in high-volume formulations as an alternative to the traditionally difficult approach of high-concentration, low-volume SC formulation delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Desai
- Medical Affairs, Enable Injections, Inc, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Kundu
- Manufacturing Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Brooklyn Park, MN, USA
| | - M Hageman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - H Lou
- Biopharmaceutical Innovation & Optimization Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - D Boisvert
- Independent Chemistry Manufacturing & Controls (CMC) Consultant, El Cerrito, CA, USA
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Mesquita BS, Fens MHAM, Di Maggio A, Bosman EDC, Hennink WE, Heger M, Oliveira S. The Impact of Nanobody Density on the Targeting Efficiency of PEGylated Liposomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314974. [PMID: 36499301 PMCID: PMC9741042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly modified with tumor-targeting moieties that recognize proteins overexpressed on the extracellular membrane to increase their specific interaction with target cells. Nanobodies (Nbs), the variable domain of heavy chain-only antibodies, are a robust targeting ligand due to their small size, superior stability, and strong binding affinity. For the clinical translation of targeted Nb-NPs, it is essential to understand how the number of Nbs per NP impacts the receptor recognition on cells. To study this, Nbs targeting the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET-Nbs) were conjugated to PEGylated liposomes at a density from 20 to 800 per liposome and their targeting efficiency was evaluated in vitro. MET-targeted liposomes (MET-TLs) associated more profoundly with MET-expressing cells than non-targeted liposomes (NTLs). MET-TLs with approximately 150-300 Nbs per liposome exhibited the highest association and specificity towards MET-expressing cells and retained their targeting capacity when pre-incubated with proteins from different sources. Furthermore, a MET-Nb density above 300 Nbs per liposome increased the interaction of MET-TLs with phagocytic cells by 2-fold in ex vivo human blood compared to NTLs. Overall, this study demonstrates that adjusting the MET-Nb density can increase the specificity of NPs towards their intended cellular target and reduce NP interaction with phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S. Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H. A. M. Fens
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Di Maggio
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda D. C. Bosman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314041, China
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.O.)
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.O.)
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Huwait EA, Baghallab IM, Glabe CG, Abulnaja KO, Kumosani TA, Moselhy SS. Identification of amyloid antibodies for Alzheimer disease - immunotherapy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1275-1282. [PMID: 32449861 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1767147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study identified the specific antibodies that recognise amyloid protein for Alzheimer disease - immunotherapy. The immune-selection of random sequences from a phage display library and sequencing to obtain the random 12 amino acids peptide library for each antibody, and then we analysed these peptides for unique and common sequences, relation to Aβ42 sequence and shape and pattern of the amino acid reaction to the antibody to predict the epitopes. Data obtained for 4G8 showed that, the sequence segment related to the putative epitope of 4G8 was LVFFAED. Nine of the ten top sequences contain the sequence RHD corresponding to the Aβ sequence from residues 5-7. Peptide 7 has the sequence IRYDTGSYHIH, which has a RYD. It was concluded that, 4G8 and 6E10 can tolerate the binding the sequences that explain it is able to recognise amyloid aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etimad A Huwait
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ibtisam M Baghallab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Khalid O Abulnaja
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Production of Bio-Products for Industrial Applications Research Group, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Gera S, Kuo TC, Gumerova AA, Korkmaz F, Sant D, DeMambro V, Sudha K, Padilla A, Prevot G, Munitz J, Teunissen A, van Leent MMT, Post TGJM, Fernandes JC, Netto J, Sultana F, Shelly E, Rojekar S, Kumar P, Cullen L, Chatterjee J, Pallapati A, Miyashita S, Kannangara H, Bhongade M, Sengupta P, Ievleva K, Muradova V, Batista R, Robinson C, Macdonald A, Hutchison S, Saxena M, Meseck M, Caminis J, Iqbal J, New MI, Ryu V, Kim SM, Cao JJ, Zaidi N, Fayad ZA, Lizneva D, Rosen CJ, Yuen T, Zaidi M. FSH-blocking therapeutic for osteoporosis. eLife 2022; 11:e78022. [PMID: 36125123 PMCID: PMC9550223 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological and genetic studies over the past decade have established the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as an actionable target for diseases affecting millions, namely osteoporosis, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. Blocking FSH action prevents bone loss, fat gain, and neurodegeneration in mice. We recently developed a first-in-class, humanized, epitope-specific FSH-blocking antibody, MS-Hu6, with a KD of 7.52 nM. Using a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant platform, we now report the efficacy of MS-Hu6 in preventing and treating osteoporosis in mice and parameters of acute safety in monkeys. Biodistribution studies using 89Zr-labeled, biotinylated or unconjugated MS-Hu6 in mice and monkeys showed localization to bone and bone marrow. The MS-Hu6 displayed a β phase t½ of 7.5 days (180 hr) in humanized Tg32 mice. We tested 217 variations of excipients using the protein thermal shift assay to generate a final formulation that rendered MS-Hu6 stable in solution upon freeze-thaw and at different temperatures, with minimal aggregation, and without self-, cross-, or hydrophobic interactions or appreciable binding to relevant human antigens. The MS-Hu6 showed the same level of "humanness" as human IgG1 in silico and was non-immunogenic in ELISpot assays for IL-2 and IFN-γ in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. We conclude that MS-Hu6 is efficacious, durable, and manufacturable, and is therefore poised for future human testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Gera
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tan-Chun Kuo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anisa Azatovna Gumerova
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Funda Korkmaz
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Damini Sant
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Karthyayani Sudha
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ashley Padilla
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Geoffrey Prevot
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jazz Munitz
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Abraham Teunissen
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Mandy MT van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tomas GJM Post
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jessica C Fernandes
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jessica Netto
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Farhath Sultana
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Eleanor Shelly
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Pushkar Kumar
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Liam Cullen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jiya Chatterjee
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anusha Pallapati
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sari Miyashita
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Hasni Kannangara
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Megha Bhongade
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Puja Sengupta
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kseniia Ievleva
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Valeriia Muradova
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Rogerio Batista
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Cemre Robinson
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anne Macdonald
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Susan Hutchison
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Mansi Saxena
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Marcia Meseck
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Caminis
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jameel Iqbal
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Maria I New
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jay J Cao
- United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research CenterGrand ForksUnited States
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Daria Lizneva
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Tony Yuen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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14
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Conner CG, McAndrew J, Menegatti S, Velev OD. An accelerated antibody aggregation test based on time sequenced dynamic light scattering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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An Overview on the Recent Advances in Alternative Solvents as Stabilizers of Proteins and Enzymes. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the use of alternative solvents is increasing, namely ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in diverse fields of knowledge, such as biochemistry, chemistry, chemical engineering, biotechnology and biomedicine. Particularly, when compared to traditional solvents, these alternative solvents have great importance for biomolecules due to the enhanced solubility, structure stability and the biological activity of biomolecules, such as protein and enzymes. Thus, in this review article, the recent developments and efforts on the technological developments carried out with ILs and DESs for the stabilization and activation of proteins and enzymes are provided. The most studied IL- and DES-based formulations for proteins and enzymes are discussed and the molecular mechanisms and interactions related to the increased stability promoted by these alternative solvents are disclosed, while emphasizing their main advantages.
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16
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Srivastava A, O'Dell C, Bolessa E, McLinden S, Fortin L, Deorkar N. Viscosity reduction and stability enhancement of monoclonal antibody formulations using derivatives of amino acids. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2848-2856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Akbar R, Bashour H, Rawat P, Robert PA, Smorodina E, Cotet TS, Flem-Karlsen K, Frank R, Mehta BB, Vu MH, Zengin T, Gutierrez-Marcos J, Lund-Johansen F, Andersen JT, Greiff V. Progress and challenges for the machine learning-based design of fit-for-purpose monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2022; 14:2008790. [PMID: 35293269 PMCID: PMC8928824 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2008790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the therapeutic efficacy and commercial success of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are tremendous, the design and discovery of new candidates remain a time and cost-intensive endeavor. In this regard, progress in the generation of data describing antigen binding and developability, computational methodology, and artificial intelligence may pave the way for a new era of in silico on-demand immunotherapeutics design and discovery. Here, we argue that the main necessary machine learning (ML) components for an in silico mAb sequence generator are: understanding of the rules of mAb-antigen binding, capacity to modularly combine mAb design parameters, and algorithms for unconstrained parameter-driven in silico mAb sequence synthesis. We review the current progress toward the realization of these necessary components and discuss the challenges that must be overcome to allow the on-demand ML-based discovery and design of fit-for-purpose mAb therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Habib Bashour
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Puneet Rawat
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Philippe A. Robert
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Smorodina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | | | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Robert Frank
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai Ha Vu
- Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Talip Zengin
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey
| | | | | | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Jiang B, Yu D, Zhang Y, Yu H, Feng H, Hoag SW. Spray layering of human immunoglobulin G: Optimization of formulation and process parameters. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121238. [PMID: 34748814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spray layering is a technique used to apply drug or functional polymers onto carrier beads; in addition, it can be used as an alternative method for protein drying and to layer protein on a multiparticulate delivery system. In this study, the effects of formulation variables and process parameters on human immunoglobulin G (IgG) properties during spray layering were studied. Excipients including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), trehalose, sucrose, L-arginine monohydrochloride were studied for their effects on improving IgG stability during spray layering. Process parameters including protein solution feed rate, inlet air temperature, inlet air flow rate, and atomization pressure of spray solution were studied using 24 full factorial design with three replicated center points. Adding PVP into the formulation significantly decreased the turbidity of the reconstitution solution and increased the IgG recovery. Adding trehalose, sucrose, or arginine further improved protein recovery after reconstitution and decreased the percentage of IgG aggregation. The Design of Experiments (DOE) results showed no significant effects from the four process factors on the process yield and IgG protein recovery in the range of parameters studied. All main factors except atomization pressure had significant effects on monomer percentage, among which air flow represented the most significant influence. In addition, the inlet air temperature had significant effects on the in vitro binding activity of IgG after spray layering. By optimizing the formulation, we were able to recover the most spray layered IgG and reduce the IgG aggregation during the process. The DOE studies gave insight into how process variables affect the spray layered products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yongrong Zhang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hua Yu
- FZata Inc, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hanping Feng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; FZata Inc, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephen W Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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The role of Raman spectroscopy in biopharmaceuticals from development to manufacturing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:969-991. [PMID: 34668998 PMCID: PMC8724084 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals have revolutionized the field of medicine in the types of active ingredient molecules and treatable indications. Adoption of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology (PAT) frameworks has helped the biopharmaceutical field to realize consistent product quality, process intensification, and real-time control. As part of the PAT strategy, Raman spectroscopy offers many benefits and is used successfully in bioprocessing from single-cell analysis to cGMP process control. Since first introduced in 2011 for industrial bioprocessing applications, Raman has become a first-choice PAT for monitoring and controlling upstream bioprocesses because it facilitates advanced process control and enables consistent process quality. This paper will discuss new frontiers in extending these successes in upstream from scale-down to commercial manufacturing. New reports concerning the use of Raman spectroscopy in the basic science of single cells and downstream process monitoring illustrate industrial recognition of Raman’s value throughout a biopharmaceutical product’s lifecycle. Finally, we draw upon a nearly 90-year history in biological Raman spectroscopy to provide the basis for laboratory and in-line measurements of protein quality, including higher-order structure and composition modifications, to support formulation development.
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20
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Laurini E, Marson D, Aulic S, Fermeglia A, Pricl S. Molecular rationale for SARS-CoV-2 spike circulating mutations able to escape bamlanivimab and etesevimab monoclonal antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20274. [PMID: 34642465 PMCID: PMC8511038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to provide an in silico molecular rationale of the role eventually played by currently circulating mutations in the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-RBDCoV‑2) in evading the immune surveillance effects elicited by the two Eli Lilly LY-CoV555/bamlanivimab and LY-CoV016/etesevimab monoclonal antibodies. The main findings from this study show that, compared to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, mutations E484A/G/K/Q/R/V, Q493K/L/R, S494A/P/R, L452R and F490S are predicted to be markedly resistant to neutralization by LY-CoV555, while mutations K417E/N/T, D420A/G/N, N460I/K/S/T, T415P, and Y489C/S are predicted to confer LY-CoV016 escaping advantage to the viral protein. A challenge of our global in silico results against relevant experimental data resulted in an overall 90% agreement. Thus, the results presented provide a molecular-based rationale for all relative experimental findings, constitute a fast and reliable tool for identifying and prioritizing all present and newly reported circulating spike SARS-CoV-2 variants with respect to antibody neutralization, and yield substantial structural information for the development of next-generation vaccines and monoclonal antibodies more resilient to viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136, Lodz, Poland.
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21
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Koudelka T, Winkels K, Kaleja P, Tholey A. Shedding light on both ends: An update on analytical approaches for N- and C-terminomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119137. [PMID: 34626679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Though proteases were long regarded as nonspecific degradative enzymes, over time, it was recognized that they also hydrolyze peptide bonds very specifically with a limited substrate pool. This irreversible posttranslational modification modulates the fate and activity of many proteins, making proteolytic processing a master switch in the regulation of e.g., the immune system, apoptosis and cancer progression. N- and C-terminomics, the identification of protein termini, has become indispensable in elucidating protease substrates and therefore protease function. Further, terminomics has the potential to identify yet unknown proteoforms, e.g. formed by alternative splicing or the recently discovered alternative ORFs. Different strategies and workflows have been developed that achieve higher sensitivity, a greater depth of coverage or higher throughput. In this review, we summarize recent developments in both N- and C-terminomics and include the potential of top-down proteomics which inherently delivers information on both ends of analytes in a single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koudelka
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Winkels
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Kaleja
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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22
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Doshi N, Ritchie K, Shobha T, Giddings J, Gregoritza K, Taing R, Rumbelow S, Chu J, Tomlinson A, Kannan A, Saggu M, Cai SK, Nicoulin V, Liu W, Russell S, Luis L, Yadav S. Evaluating a Modified High Purity Polysorbate 20 Designed to Reduce the Risk of Free Fatty Acid Particle Formation. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1563-1583. [PMID: 34495486 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a modified high purity polysorbate 20 (RO HP PS20)-with lower levels of stearate, palmitate and myristate esters than the non-modified HP PS20-as a surfactant in biopharmaceutical drug products (DP). RO HP PS20 was designed to provide functional equivalence as a surfactant while delaying the onset of free fatty acid (FFA) particle formation upon hydrolytic degradation relative to HP PS20. METHODS Analytical characterization of RO HP PS20 raw material included fatty acid ester (FAE) distribution, higher order ester (HOE) fraction, FFA levels and trace metals. Functional assessments included 1) vial and intravenous bag agitation; 2) oxidation via a placebo and methionine surrogate study; and 3) hydrolytic PS20 degradation studies to evaluate FFA particle formation with and without metal nucleation. RESULTS Interfacial protection and oxidation propensity were comparable between the two polysorbates. Upon hydrolytic degradation, FFA particle onset was delayed in RO HP PS20. The delay was more pronounced when HOEs of PS20 were preferentially degraded. Furthermore, the hydrolytic degradants of RO HP PS20 formed fewer particles in the presence of spiked aluminum. CONCLUSION This work highlights the criticality of having tighter control on long chain FAE levels of PS20 to reduce the occurrence of FFA particle formation upon hydrolytic degradation and lower the variability in its onset. By simultaneously meeting compendial PS20 specifications while narrowing the allowable range for each FAE and shifting its composition towards the shorter carbon chain species, RO HP PS20 provides a promising alternative to HP PS20 for biopharmaceutical DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Doshi
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - Kyle Ritchie
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Tamanna Shobha
- Pharmaceutical Technical Innovation, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jamie Giddings
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kathrin Gregoritza
- Pharma Technical Development Biologics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4054, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosalynn Taing
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Stephen Rumbelow
- Croda Inc, 777 Scudders Mill Road, Bldg. 2, Plainsboro, NJ, 08536, USA
| | - Jeff Chu
- Analytical Operations, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Anthony Tomlinson
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Aadithya Kannan
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Miguel Saggu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Si Kai Cai
- Pharma Technical Development Biologics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4054, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victor Nicoulin
- Pharma Technical Development Biologics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4054, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Steve Russell
- Analytical Operations, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Lin Luis
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Pharmaceutical Technical Innovation, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
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23
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Zhang Z, Hug C, Tao Y, Bitsch F, Yang Y. Solving Complex Biologics Truncation Problems by Top-Down Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1928-1935. [PMID: 33395284 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With increasing protein therapeutics being designed as non-mAb (non-monoclonal antibody) modalities, additional efforts and resources are required to develop and characterize such therapeutic proteins. Truncation is an emerging issue for manufacturing of non-mAb drug substances and requires sophisticated methods to investigate. In this paper, we describe two cases with complex truncation problems where traditional methods such as intact mass spectrometry led to inclusive or wrong identifications. Therefore, we developed an online top-down LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) based workflow to study truncated drug substances, and we successfully identified the clipping locations. Compared to other orthogonal methods, this method provides a unique capability of solving protein clipping problems. The successful identification of truncated species and the high compatibility to routine intact MS make it a very valuable tool for resolving truncation problems during protein production in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- NIBR Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christian Hug
- NIBR Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse 141, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yuanqi Tao
- NIBR Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Francis Bitsch
- NIBR Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse 141, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Yang
- NIBR Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse 141, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Bauer J, Mathias S, Kube S, Otte K, Garidel P, Gamer M, Blech M, Fischer S, Karow-Zwick AR. Rational optimization of a monoclonal antibody improves the aggregation propensity and enhances the CMC properties along the entire pharmaceutical process chain. MAbs 2021; 12:1787121. [PMID: 32658605 PMCID: PMC7531517 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1787121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) primarily focuses on their biological activity favoring the selection of highly potent drug candidates. These candidates, however, may have physical or chemical attributes that lead to unfavorable chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) properties, such as low product titers, conformational and colloidal instabilities, or poor solubility, which can hamper or even prevent development and manufacturing. Hence, there is an urgent need to consider the developability of mAb candidates during lead identification and optimization. This work provides a comprehensive proof of concept study for the significantly improved developability of a mAb variant that was optimized with the help of sophisticated in silico tools relative to its difficult-to-develop parental counterpart. Interestingly, a single amino acid substitution in the variable domain of the light chain resulted in a three-fold increased product titer after stable expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Microscopic investigations revealed that wild type mAb-producing cells displayed potential antibody inclusions, while the in silico optimized variant-producing cells showed a rescued phenotype. Notably, the drug substance of the in silico optimized variant contained substantially reduced levels of aggregates and fragments after downstream process purification. Finally, formulation studies unraveled a significantly enhanced colloidal stability of the in silico optimized variant while its folding stability and potency were maintained. This study emphasizes that implementation of bioinformatics early in lead generation and optimization of biotherapeutics reduces failures during subsequent development activities and supports the reduction of project timelines and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joschka Bauer
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Sven Mathias
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach , Biberach/Riss, Germany.,Early Stage Bioprocess Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kube
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach , Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Martin Gamer
- Early Stage Bioprocess Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Michaela Blech
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Anne R Karow-Zwick
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Biberach/Riss, Germany
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25
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Hamuro Y, Derebe MG, Venkataramani S, Nemeth JF. The effects of intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsions on the stability and aggregation of NISTmAb revealed by HDX-MS, DSC, and nanoDSF. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1686-1700. [PMID: 34060159 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stability and aggregation of NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb) were investigated by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nano-differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF). NISTmAb was prepared in eight formulations at four different pHs (pH 5, 6, 7, and 8) in the presence and absence of 150 mM NaCl and analyzed by the three methods. The HDX-MS results showed that NISTmAb is more conformationally stable at a pH near its isoelectric point (pI) in the presence of NaCl than a pH far from its pI in the absence of NaCl. The stabilization effects were global and not localized. The midpoint temperature of protein thermal unfolding transition results also showed the CH 2 domain of the protein is more conformationally stable at a pH near its pI. On the other hand, the onset of aggregation temperature results showed that NISTmAb is less prone to aggregate at a pH far from its pI, particularly in the absence of NaCl. These seemingly contradicting results, higher conformational stability yet higher aggregation propensity near the pI than far away from the pI, can be explained by intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsion using Lumry-Eyring model, which separates folding/unfolding equilibrium and aggregation event. The further a pH from the pI, the higher the net charge of the protein. The higher net charge leads to greater intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsions. The greater intramolecular electrostatic repulsion destabilizes the protein and the greater intermolecular electrostatic repulsion prevents aggregation of the protein molecules at pH far from the pI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehabaw Getahun Derebe
- Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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26
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Dong L, Bebrin N, Piatkov K, Abdul-Hadi K, Iwasaki S, Qian MG, Wei D. An Automated Multicycle Immunoaffinity Enrichment Approach Developed for Sensitive Mouse IgG1 Antibody Drug Analysis in Mouse Plasma Using LC/MS/MS. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6348-6354. [PMID: 33848130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the immuno-oncology field, surrogate mouse monoclonal antibodies are often preferred in establishing proper PK/PD/efficacy correlations as well as supporting anticipated mouse to human translation. Thus, a highly sensitive and specific bioanalytical method is needed in quantifying those surrogate mouse antibodies after dosing in mice. Unfortunately, when specific reagents, such as recombinant target antigen and anti-idiotypic antibody, are not available, measuring mouse surrogate antibody drugs in mice is very challenging for ligand binding assay (LBA) due to the severe cross reactivity potential. Different from LBA, if at least one unique surrogate peptide can be identified from the surrogate antibody sequence, the immunoaffinity enrichment based LC/MS/MS assay may be able to differentiate the analyte response from the high endogenous immunoglobulin background and provide adequate sensitivity. Herein, a new automated multicycle immunoaffinity enrichment method was recently developed to extract a surrogate mouse IgG1 (mIgG1) antibody drug from mouse plasma using a commercially available antimouse IgG1 secondary antibody. In the assay, reuse of the capture antibody up to six times mostly resolved the binding capacity issue caused by the abundant endogenous mIgG1 and made the immunoaffinity enrichment step more cost-effective. Combined with a unique surrogate peptide identified from the antibody, the LC/MS/MS assay achieved a limit of quantitation of 5 ng/mL with satisfactory assay precision, accuracy, and dynamic range. The successful implementation of this novel approach in discovery pharmacokinetic (PK) studies eliminates the dependence on specially generated immunoaffinity capturing reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Dong
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicole Bebrin
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Konstantin Piatkov
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kojo Abdul-Hadi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shinji Iwasaki
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark G Qian
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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27
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Lai PK, Swan JW, Trout BL. Calculation of therapeutic antibody viscosity with coarse-grained models, hydrodynamic calculations and machine learning-based parameters. MAbs 2021; 13:1907882. [PMID: 33834944 PMCID: PMC8043186 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1907882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High viscosity presents a challenge for manufacturing and drug delivery of therapeutic antibodies. The viscosity is determined by protein-protein interactions among many antibodies. Molecular simulation is a promising method to study protein-protein interactions; however, all-atom models do not allow the simulation of multiple molecules, which is necessary to compute viscosity directly. Coarse-grained models, on the other hand can do this. In this work, a 12-bead coarse-grained model based on Swan and coworkers (J. Phys. Chem. B 2018, 122, 2867-2880) was applied to study antibody interactions. Two adjustable parameters related to the short-range interactions on the variable and constant regions were determined by fitting experimental data of 20 IgG1 monoclonal antibodies at 150 mg/mL. The root-mean-square deviation improved from 1 to 0.68, and the correlation coefficient improved from 0.63 to 0.87 compared to that of a previous model that assumed the short-range interactions were the same for all the beads. Our model is also able to calculate the viscosity over a wide range of concentrations without additional parameters. A tabulated viscosity based on our model is provided to facilitate antibody screening in early-stage design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James W Swan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernhardt L Trout
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Mokhtari J, Nourisefat M, Zamiri B, Fotouhi L, Zarnani AH, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Karimian K. Novel Method for the Isolation of Proteins and Small Target Molecules from Biological and Aqueous Media by Salt-Assisted Phase Transformation of Their PEGylated Recognition Counterparts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7585-7597. [PMID: 33778269 PMCID: PMC7992175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and simple method for the application of PEGylated affinity ligands in precipitative isolation of protein target molecules (TMs) from a biological fluid such as blood serum or small target molecules from an aqueous medium is presented for the first time. This approach is based on the high binding specificity of PEGylated recognition molecules (PEG-RMs) to their TMs and the unique physicochemical properties of PEG that result in their salt-assisted phase transformation. Addition of PEG-RM to blood serum results in the formation of an RM-specific macromolecular complex (PEG-RM + TM → PEG-RM.TM) that undergoes facile salt-assisted phase transformation to a separable semisolid with ammonium sulfate. PEG-RM.TM is then dissociated into its components by pH reduction or an increase of ionic strength (PEG-RM.TM → PEG-RM + TM). PEG-RM is salted out to afford pure TM in solution. The same phenomenon is observed when RM or TM are small molecules. The general applicability of the method was validated by PEGylation of two proteins (protein A, sheep antihuman IgG) and a small molecule (salicylic acid) used as model RMs for the isolation of Igs, IgG, and serum albumin from blood serum. The isolated protein TMs were shown to be pure and aggregate-free by gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering (DLS). IgG isolated by this method was further characterized by peptide mass fingerprinting. PEGylated protein A was used to demonstrate the recyclability and scale-up potential of PEG-RM. IgG isolated by this method from blood serum of a hepatitis C-vaccinated individual was tested for its binding to sheep antihuman IgG by UV spectroscopy, and its bioactivity was ascertained by comparison of its enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) result to that of a blood sample from the same individual. Reciprocity of RM and TM was ascertained using PEGylated salicylic acid to obtain pure serum albumin, and PEGylated serum albumin was utilized for near-exclusive isolation of one drug from an aqueous equimolar mixture of three drugs (salicylic acid, 91%; capecitabine, 6%; and deferiprone, 3%). Advantages of this approach, including target specificity and general applicability and celerity, over other affinity methods for the isolation of proteins are discussed at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mokhtari
- Arasto Pharmaceutical Chemicals Inc., Yousefabad, Jahanarar Avenue, 23rd St. No. 8, Tehran 1438933741, Iran
- Departments of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Maryam Nourisefat
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191 Iran
| | - Bita Zamiri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191 Iran
| | - Leila Fotouhi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191 Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1936773493, Iran
| | | | - Khashayar Karimian
- Arasto Pharmaceutical Chemicals Inc., Yousefabad, Jahanarar Avenue, 23rd St. No. 8, Tehran 1438933741, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191 Iran
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29
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Doshi N, Giddings J, Luis L, Wu A, Ritchie K, Liu W, Chan W, Taing R, Chu J, Sreedhara A, Kannan A, Kei P, Shieh I, Graf T, Hu M. A Comprehensive Assessment of All-Oleate Polysorbate 80: Free Fatty Acid Particle Formation, Interfacial Protection and Oxidative Degradation. Pharm Res 2021; 38:531-548. [PMID: 33713012 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enzymatic polysorbate (PS) degradation and resulting free fatty acid (FFA) particles are detrimental to biopharmaceutical drug product (DP) stability. Different types and grades of polysorbate have varying propensity to form FFA particles. This work evaluates the homogenous all-oleate (AO) PS80 alongside heterogeneous PS20 and PS80 grades in terms its propensity to form FFA particles and other important attributes like interfacial protection and oxidation susceptibility. METHODS FFA particle formation rates were compared by degrading PS using non-immobilized hydrolases and fast degrading DP formulations. Interfacial protection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was assessed by agitation studies in saline using non-degraded and degraded PS. Several antioxidants were assessed for their ability to mitigate AO PS80 oxidation and subsequent mAb oxidation by a 40°C placebo stability study and a 2, 2'-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride stress model, respectively. RESULTS Visible and subvisible particles were significantly delayed in AO PS80 formulations compared with heterogeneous PS20 and PS80 formulations. Non-degraded AO PS80 was less protective of mAbs against the air-water interface compared with heterogeneous PS20. Interfacial protection by AO PS80 improved upon degradation owing to high surface activity of FFAs. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) completely mitigated AO PS80 oxidation unlike L-methionine and N-Acetyl-DL-Tryptophan. However, DTPA did not mitigate radical mediated mAb oxidation. CONCLUSION AO PS80 is a promising alternative to reduce FFA particle formation compared with other PS types and grades. However, limitations observed here---such as lower protection against interfacial stresses and higher propensity for oxidation---need to be considered in assessing the risk/benefit ratio in using AO PS80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Doshi
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - Jamie Giddings
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Lin Luis
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Arthur Wu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kyle Ritchie
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Wayman Chan
- Analytical Operations, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Rosalynn Taing
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jeff Chu
- Analytical Operations, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Alavattam Sreedhara
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Aadithya Kannan
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Pervina Kei
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Ian Shieh
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Tobias Graf
- Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Mark Hu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
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30
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Van Hoecke L, Verbeke R, Dewitte H, Lentacker I, Vermaelen K, Breckpot K, Van Lint S. mRNA in cancer immunotherapy: beyond a source of antigen. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:48. [PMID: 33658037 PMCID: PMC7926200 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA therapeutics have become the focus of molecular medicine research. Various mRNA applications have reached major milestones at high speed in the immuno-oncology field. This can be attributed to the knowledge that mRNA is one of nature's core building blocks carrying important information and can be considered as a powerful vector for delivery of therapeutic proteins to the patient.For a long time, the major focus in the use of in vitro transcribed mRNA was on development of cancer vaccines, using mRNA encoding tumor antigens to modify dendritic cells ex vivo. However, the versatility of mRNA and its many advantages have paved the path beyond this application. In addition, due to smart design of both the structural properties of the mRNA molecule as well as pharmaceutical formulations that improve its in vivo stability and selective targeting, the therapeutic potential of mRNA can be considered as endless.As a consequence, many novel immunotherapeutic strategies focus on the use of mRNA beyond its use as the source of tumor antigens. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art on these applications and to provide a rationale for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Lab for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heleen Dewitte
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Lab for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Lab for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karim Vermaelen
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Network Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 MRB2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103 Building E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Network Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 MRB2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Energetic Dissection of Mab-Specific Reversible Self-Association Reveals Unique Thermodynamic Signatures. Pharm Res 2021; 38:243-255. [PMID: 33604786 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reversible self-association (RSA) remains a challenge in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We recently analyzed the energetics of RSA for five IgG mAbs (designated as A-E) under matched conditions and using orthogonal methods. Here we examine the thermodynamics of RSA for two of the mAbs that showed the strongest evidence of RSA (mAbs C and E) to identify underlying mechanisms. METHODS Concentration-dependent dynamic light scattering and sedimentation velocity (SV) studies were carried out for each mAb over a range of temperatures. Because self-association was weak, the SV data were globally analyzed via direct boundary fitting to identify best-fit models, accurately determine interaction energetics, and account for the confounding effects of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic nonideality. RESULTS mAb C undergoes isodesmic self-association at all temperatures examined, with the energetics indicative of an enthalpically-driven reaction offset by a significant entropic penalty. By contrast, mAb E undergoes monomer-dimer self-association, with the reaction being entropically-driven and comprised of only a small enthalpic contribution. CONCLUSIONS Classical interpretations implicate van der Waals interactions and H-bond formation for mAb C RSA, and electrostatic interactions for mAb E. However, noting that RSA is likely coupled to additional equilibria, we also discuss the limitations of such interpretations.
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32
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Rodrigues D, Tanenbaum LM, Thirumangalathu R, Somani S, Zhang K, Kumar V, Amin K, Thakkar SV. Product-Specific Impact of Viscosity Modulating Formulation Excipients During Ultra-High Concentration Biotherapeutics Drug Product Development. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1077-1082. [PMID: 33340533 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing ultra-high concentration biotherapeutics drug products can be challenging due to increased viscosity, processing, and stability issues. Excipients used to alleviate these concerns are traditionally evaluated at lower protein concentrations. This study investigates whether classically known modulators of stability and viscosity at low (<50 mg/mL) to high (>50 - 150 mg/mL) protein concentrations are beneficial in ultra-high (>150 mg/mL) concentration protein formulations and drug products. This study evaluates the effect of arginine monohydrochloride, proline, and lysine monohydrochloride on viscosity and concentratability at different high and ultra-high protein concentrations using a monoclonal antibody, mAbN, formulation as a candidate protein system. The effect of excipients on the viscosity and concentratability (rate and extent) was different at high versus ultra-high protein concentrations. These results highlight that classical excipients in literature known to modulate protein interactions at low protein concentrations and reduce viscosity at high protein concentrations may need to be evaluated at target protein concentrations in a product-specific manner while developing ultra-high concentration biologics drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Rodrigues
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
| | - Laura M Tanenbaum
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
| | - Renuka Thirumangalathu
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
| | - Sandeep Somani
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Kai Zhang
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
| | - Vineet Kumar
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
| | - Ketan Amin
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
| | - Santosh V Thakkar
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355; BioTherapeutics Cell and Developability Sciences (BioTD CDS), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477.
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33
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Ayalew L, D'Souza AD, Chen Y, Kim MT. Identification and quantitation of hinge cysteinylation on endogenous IgG2 antibodies from human serum. MAbs 2020; 12:1854923. [PMID: 33317401 PMCID: PMC7755172 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1854923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that occurs when a cysteine residue on a protein forms a disulfide bond with a terminal cysteine molecule. This PTM has been found in the hinge region of several recombinant therapeutic IgG2 antibodies, but the impact of cysteinylation on the safety and immunogenicity of therapeutics remains unclear. In this study, we characterized recombinant and endogenous IgG2 antibodies to quantify their levels of hinge cysteinylation, if present. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and quantify hinge cysteinylation in endogenous IgG2 antibodies from healthy human serum. We used anti-IgG2 immunopurification of human serum to specifically enrich for endogenous IgG2 antibodies, and then subjected the resulting samples to Lys-C peptide mapping coupled with targeted mass spectrometry techniques. Using this analytical workflow, we found that all healthy human serum samples tested (N = 10) contained quantifiable levels of hinge cysteinylation (0.8 ± 0.3%) in their endogenous human IgG2s (IgG2-A isoform). These findings demonstrate that hinge cysteinylation in therapeutic IgG2s, at least up to a certain level, is well tolerated in humans and pose minimal safety or immunogenicity risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luladey Ayalew
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alicia D D'Souza
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Kim
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco, CA, USA
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34
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Butreddy A, Janga KY, Ajjarapu S, Sarabu S, Dudhipala N. Instability of therapeutic proteins - An overview of stresses, stabilization mechanisms and analytical techniques involved in lyophilized proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:309-325. [PMID: 33275971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state is the preferred choice for storage of protein therapeutics to improve stability and preserve the biological activity by decreasing the physical and chemical degradation associated with liquid protein formulations. Lyophilization or freeze-drying is an effective drying method to overcome the instability problems of proteins. However, the processing steps (freezing, primary drying and secondary drying) involved in the lyophilization process can expose the proteins to various stress and harsh conditions, leading to denaturation, aggregation often a loss in activity of protein therapeutics. Stabilizers such as sugars and surfactants are often added to protect the proteins against physical stress associated with lyophilization process and storage conditions. Another way to curtail the degradation of proteins due to process related stress is by modification of the lyophilization process. Slow freezing, high nucleation temperature, decreasing the extent of supercooling, and annealing can minimize the formation of the interface (ice-water) by producing large ice crystals with less surface area, thereby preserving the native structure and stability of the proteins. Hence, a thorough understanding of formulation composition, lyophilization process parameters and the choice of analytical methods to characterize and monitor the protein instability is crucial for development of stable therapeutic protein products. This review provides an overview of various stress conditions that proteins might encounter during lyophilization process, mechanisms to improve the stability and analytical techniques to tackle the proteins instability during both freeze-drying and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Butreddy
- Formulation R&D, Biological E. Limited, IKP Knowledge Park, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500078, India; Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Karthik Yadav Janga
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Srinivas Ajjarapu
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana State 506 005, India..
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35
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Kollár É, Balázs B, Tari T, Siró I. Development challenges of high concentration monoclonal antibody formulations. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 37:31-40. [PMID: 34895653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High concentration monoclonal antibody drug products represent a special segment of biopharmaceuticals. In contrast to other monoclonal antibody products, high concentration monoclonal antibodies are injected subcutaneously helping increase patient compliance and reduce the number of hospital patient visits. It is important to note that a high protein concentration (≥50 mg/mL) poses a challenge from a product development perspective. Colloidal properties, physical and chemical protein stability should be considered during formulation, primary packaging and manufacturing process development as well as optimization of other dosage form-related parameters. The aim of such development work is to obtain a drug product capable of maintaining appropriate protein structure throughout its shelf-life and ensure proper and accurate dosage upon administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Kollár
- Department of Biotechnology Development, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, 1103 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Boglárka Balázs
- Department of Biotechnology Development, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, 1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Tari
- Department of Biotechnology Development, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, 1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Siró
- Department of Biotechnology Development, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, 1103 Budapest, Hungary
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36
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Kannan A, Shieh IC, Hristov P, Fuller GG. In-Use Interfacial Stability of Monoclonal Antibody Formulations Diluted in Saline i.v. Bags. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1687-1692. [PMID: 33141046 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the treatment of a variety of diseases is rapidly growing each year. Many mAbs are administered intravenously using i.v. bags containing 0.9% NaCl (normal saline). We studied the aggregation propensity of these antibody solutions in saline and compared it with a low ionic strength formulation buffer. The mAb studied in this work is prone to aggregate, and is known to form a viscoelastic network at the air-solution interface. We observed that this interfacial elasticity increased when formulated in saline. In the bulk, the mAbs exhibited a tendency to self-associate that was higher in saline. We also studied the aggregation of the mAbs in the presence of polysorbate-20, typically added to formulations to mitigate interfacial aggregation. We observed that with surfactants, the presence of salt in the buffer led to a greater mAb adsorption at the interface and resulted in the formation of more particulate aggregates. Our results show that the addition of salt to the buffer led to differences in the interfacial aggregation in mAb formulations, showing that stress studies used to screen for mAb aggregation intended for i.v. administration should be performed in conditions representative of their intended route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadithya Kannan
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian C Shieh
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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37
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Nicolas A, Dejoux A, Poirier C, Aubrey N, Péan JM, Velge-Roussel F. Contribution of Intrinsic Fluorescence to the Design of a New 3D-Printed Implant for Releasing SDABS. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100921. [PMID: 32993086 PMCID: PMC7601711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) offer great features such as increased stability but are hampered by a limited serum half-life. Many strategies have been developed to improve the sdAb half-life, such as protein engineering and controlled release systems (CRS). In our study, we designed a new product that combined a hydrogel with a 3D-printed implant. The results demonstrate the implant’s ability to sustain sdAb release up to 13 days through a reduced initial burst release followed by a continuous release. Furthermore, formulation screening helped to identify the best sdAb formulation conditions and improved our understanding of our CRS. Through the screening step, we gained knowledge about the influence of the choice of polymer and about potential interactions between the sdAb and the polymer. To conclude, this feasibility study confirmed the ability of our CRS to extend sdAb release and established the fundamental role of formulation screening for maximizing knowledge about our CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Nicolas
- GICC EA 7501, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- PEX DPH, Technologie Servier, 45000 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Alice Dejoux
- PEX DPH, Technologie Servier, 45000 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Cécile Poirier
- PEX DPH, Technologie Servier, 45000 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Nicolas Aubrey
- ISP UMR 1282, INRA, Team BioMAP, University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
| | - Jean-Manuel Péan
- PEX DPH, Technologie Servier, 45000 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Florence Velge-Roussel
- GICC EA 7501, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-4736-6058
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38
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Kruse T, Kampmann M, Rüddel I, Greller G. An alternative downstream process based on aqueous two-phase extraction for the purification of monoclonal antibodies. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Holstein M, Hung J, Feroz H, Ranjan S, Du C, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Strategies for high‐concentration drug substance manufacturing to facilitate subcutaneous administration: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3591-3606. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Hung
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Hasin Feroz
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Swarnim Ranjan
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Cheng Du
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
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40
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Preclinical challenges for developing long acting intravitreal medicines. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:130-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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42
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In Pursuit of Stability Enhancement of a Prostate Cancer Targeting Antibody Derived from a Transgenic Animal Platform. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9722. [PMID: 32546687 PMCID: PMC7298045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated timelines necessitate the discovery of fully human antibodies as biotherapeutics using transgenic animals with a notion that such mAbs bypass humanization. A transgenic animal derived mAb (PCa75) targeted against a prostate cancer antigen had several ‘unusual residues’ (rare somatic hypermutations, rSHM, with positional frequency of <1%) that resulted in compromised biophysical properties (Tm = 61 °C and intrinsic stability ΔGu = 24.3 kJ/mol) and a sub-optimal immunogenicity profile. In our quest for quality medicine, we pursued antibody engineering strategies to enhance the stability of PCa75. PCa62, an engineered variant of PCa75, retained function while significantly improving the drug-like attributes of the molecule (Tm = 75 °C and intrinsic stability ΔGu = 63.5 kJ/mol). rSHM is rather prevalent, 18 out the 21 approved transgenic animal-derived antibodies have at least one ‘unusual residue’. Thus, engineering of rSHM remains critical to enhance the stability and minimize immunogenicity risk of biotherapeutics.
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43
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Powell T, Knight MJ, O'Hara J, Burkitt W. Discovery of a Photoinduced Histidine-Histidine Cross-Link in an IgG4 Antibody. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1233-1240. [PMID: 32392057 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel histidine-histidine (His-His) photooxidative cross-link has been identified in an IgG4 antibody. It was formed between the side chain of a histidine residue of the antibody and histidine from the formulation buffer. The structure of the cross-link was elucidated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD). The cross-link was found in multiple conformations, as the location of the oxygen varied. Furthermore, the extent of cross-link formation was shown to correlate with the amount of light the antibody was exposed to as well as the solvent accessibility of each modification site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powell
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB Group, Slough, SL3WE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Knight
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB Group, Slough, SL3WE, United Kingdom
| | - John O'Hara
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB Group, Slough, SL3WE, United Kingdom
| | - William Burkitt
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB Group, Slough, SL3WE, United Kingdom
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44
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Bansal R, Srivastava P, Rathore AS, Chokshi P. Population balance modelling of aggregation of monoclonal antibody based therapeutic proteins. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Sabra R, Billa N, Roberts CJ. Cetuximab-conjugated chitosan-pectinate (modified) composite nanoparticles for targeting colon cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118775. [PMID: 31678385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we successfully developed a cetuximab-conjugated modified citrus pectin-chitosan nanoparticles for targeted delivery of curcumin (Cet-MCPCNPs) for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In vitro analyses revealed that nanoparticles were spherical with size of 249.33 ± 5.15 nm, a decent encapsulation efficiency (68.43 ± 2.4%) and a 'smart' drug release profile. 61.37 ± 0.70% of cetuximab was adsorbed to the surface of the nanoparticles. Cellular uptake studies displayed enhanced internalization of Cet-MCPCNPs in Caco-2 (EGFR +ve) cells, which ultimately resulted in a significant reduction in cancer cell propagation. The cell cycle analysis indicated that Cet- MCPCNPs induced cell death in enhanced percentage of Caco-2 cells by undergoing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. These data suggest that Cet-MCPCNPs represent a new and promising targeting approach for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Sabra
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nashiru Billa
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Clive J Roberts
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Park Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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46
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Nouraei MS, Faghihi H, Najafabadi AR, Zadeh AHM, Darabi M, Vatanara A. Human Serum Albumin, a Suitable Candidate to Stabilize Freeze-Dried IgG in Combination with Trehalose: Central Composite Design. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:327. [PMID: 31659590 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-dried immunoglobulin G (IgG) incorporating trehalose and human serum albumin (HSA) was statistically evaluated regarding the existence of synergism between additives on the stability profile. The levels of HSA (X1) and trehalose (X2) were independent variables. Aggregation following the process (Y1), after 2 and 3 months at 40°C (Y2) and (Y3), respectively, along with the rate constant of aggregation (Y4) were dependent variables. Aggregation and beta-sheet conformation were quantified through size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Central composite design (CCD) suggested the best formulation. The integrity and thermodynamic stability of optimized formulation were investigated through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The calculated responses were Y1, 0-0.90%; Y2, 0.4-4.3%; Y3, 2.10-13.46%; and Y4, 0.16-0.69 1/month. The optimized formulation had 10 mg IgG, 86 mg trehalose, and 1 mg HSA with observed responses of Y1, 0.01%; Y2, 0.51%; Y3, 3.08%; and Y4, 0.33 1/month. The models were statistically well-fitted. The optimized formulation was amorphous during freeze-drying (FD), and no fragmentation was observed. Trehalose and HSA demonstrated statistical synergism. CCD was successfully employed to recommend the best ratio of stabilizers and achieve the maximum stabilization of IgG as a model freeze-dried antibody.
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47
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Hassan LA, Al‐Ghobashy MA, Abbas SS. Evaluation of the pattern and kinetics of degradation of adalimumab using a stability‐indicating orthogonal testing protocol. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4676. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A. Hassan
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals Egypt
| | - Medhat A. Al‐Ghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Egypt
- Bioanalysis Research Group, School of PharmacyNewgiza University Egypt
| | - Samah S. Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Egypt
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48
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Acheampong DO. Bispecific Antibody (bsAb) Construct Formats and their Application in Cancer Therapy. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:479-493. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190311163820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of cancers mostly involves more than one signal pathways, because of the complicated nature of cancer cells. As such, the most effective treatment option is the one that stops the cancer cells in their tracks by targeting these signal pathways simultaneously. This explains why therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeted at cancers exert utmost activity when two or more are used as combination therapy. This notwithstanding, studies elsewhere have proven that when bispecific antibody (bsAb) is engineered from two conventional monoclonal antibodies or their chains, it produces better activity than when used as combination therapy. This therefore presents bispecific antibody (bsAb) as the appropriate and best therapeutic agent for the treatment of such cancers. This review therefore discusses the various engineering formats for bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond O. Acheampong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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49
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Céspedes MV, Unzueta U, Aviñó A, Gallardo A, Álamo P, Sala R, Sánchez-Chardi A, Casanova I, Mangues MA, Lopez-Pousa A, Eritja R, Villaverde A, Vázquez E, Mangues R. Selective depletion of metastatic stem cells as therapy for human colorectal cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708772. [PMID: 30190334 PMCID: PMC6180303 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective elimination of metastatic stem cells (MetSCs) promises to block metastatic dissemination. Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells overexpressing CXCR4 display trafficking functions and metastasis‐initiating capacity. We assessed the antimetastatic activity of a nanoconjugate (T22‐GFP‐H6‐FdU) that selectively delivers Floxuridine to CXCR4+ cells. In contrast to free oligo‐FdU, intravenous T22‐GFP‐H6‐FdU selectively accumulates and internalizes in CXCR4+ cancer cells, triggering DNA damage and apoptosis, which leads to their selective elimination and to reduced tumor re‐initiation capacity. Repeated T22‐GFP‐H6‐FdU administration in cell line and patient‐derived CRC models blocks intravasation and completely prevents metastases development in 38–83% of mice, while showing CXCR4 expression‐dependent and site‐dependent reduction in foci number and size in liver, peritoneal, or lung metastases in the rest of mice, compared to free oligo‐FdU. T22‐GFP‐H6‐FdU induces also higher regression of established metastases than free oligo‐FdU, with negligible distribution or toxicity in normal tissues. This targeted drug delivery approach yields potent antimetastatic effect, through selective depletion of metastatic CXCR4+ cancer cells, and validates metastatic stem cells (MetSCs) as targets for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Virtudes Céspedes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Álamo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Sala
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isolda Casanova
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Antònia Mangues
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Lopez-Pousa
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain .,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Bieberbach M, Kosiol P, Seay A, Bennecke M, Hansmann B, Hepbildikler S, Thom V. Investigation of fouling mechanisms of virus filters during the filtration of protein solutions using a high throughput filtration screening device. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2776. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kosiol
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, 37079 Göttingen Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Volkmar Thom
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, 37079 Göttingen Germany
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