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Liu X, Li J, Chen R, Xie X, Mao F, Sun Z, He Z, Cao H, Zhang S, Liu X. Colorimetric and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays based on the alkaline phosphatase-tagged single-chain variable fragment fusion tracer for detecting zearalenone in agro-products. Food Chem 2024; 443:138569. [PMID: 38306906 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin and seriously threatens food safety, which requires rapid and sensitive detection methods for monitoring ZEN in agro-products. Herein, an alkaline phosphatase-tagged single-chain variable fragment fusion protein (ALP-scFv) was used as a bifunctional tracer to develop a colorimetric enzyme immunoassay (CEIA) and a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for ZEN. In addition, the interactions between scFv and ZEN were exploited by computer-assisted simulation, and four key amino acid sites were preliminarily identified. After optimization, the CEIA and CLEIA exhibited a limit of detection of 0.02 and 0.006 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both methods showed favorable accuracy in recovery experiments and good selectivity in cross reactions. Moreover, the detection results of the actual samples from both methods correlated well with those from high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, the ALP-scFv fusion tracer-based CEIA and CLEIA are demonstrated as reliable tools for ZEN detection in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Runmin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fujing Mao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenyun He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sihang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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2
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Das PK, Sahoo A, Veeranki VD. Recombinant monoclonal antibody production in yeasts: Challenges and considerations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131379. [PMID: 38580014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are laboratory-based engineered protein molecules with a monovalent affinity or multivalent avidity towards a specific target or antigen, which can mimic natural antibodies that are produced in the human immune systems to fight against detrimental pathogens. The recombinant mAb is one of the most effective classes of biopharmaceuticals produced in vitro by cloning and expressing synthetic antibody genes in a suitable host. Yeast is one of the potential hosts among others for the successful production of recombinant mAbs. However, there are very few yeast-derived mAbs that got the approval of the regulatory agencies for direct use for treatment purposes. Certain challenges encountered by yeasts for recombinant antibody productions need to be overcome and a few considerations related to antibody structure, host engineering, and culturing strategies should be followed for the improved production of mAbs in yeasts. In this review, the drawbacks related to the metabolic burden of the host, culturing conditions including induction mechanism and secretion efficiency, solubility and stability, downstream processing, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of the antibody are discussed, which will help in developing the yeast hosts for the efficient production of recombinant mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Kumar Das
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ansuman Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Venkata Dasu Veeranki
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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3
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Sharma R, Gupta S, Rathore AS. Novel purification platform based on multimodal preparative scale separation of mAb fragments and aggregates. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464806. [PMID: 38518514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) continue to dominate the biopharmaceutical industry. Certain mAbs are prone to fragmentation and clipping and in these cases, adequate removal of these species is critical during manufacturing. Fragments can be generated during fermentation, purification, storage, formulation, and administration. Their addition to the acidic charge-variant of the purified mAb has been reported to decrease stability and potency of the final product. However, contrary to mAb aggregation, manufacturers have not given much attention to removal of fragments and clipped species and as a result most conventional mAb platforms offer at best limited capabilities for their removal. In this study, we propose a novel purification platform that uses multimodal chromatography and achieves complete removal of a range of mAb fragments and clipped products (25-120 kDa). The utility of the platform has been successfully demonstrated for 2 IgG1s and 2 IgG4s. Further, adequate removal of the various host cell impurities such as host cell proteins (<10 ppm) and host cell DNA (<5 ppb) has been achieved. Finally, the platform was able to deliver adequate removal of high molecular weight impurities (<1 %) and a 30 % clearance of the acidic charge variant. The proposed single step has been shown to deliver what the polishing chromatography and intermediate purification chromatography steps deliver in a traditional mAb platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sharma
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
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4
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Altern SH, Kocot AJ, LeBarre JP, Boi C, Phillips MW, Roush DJ, Menegatti S, Cramer SM. Mechanistic model-based characterization of size-exclusion-mixed-mode resins for removal of monoclonal antibody fragments. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464717. [PMID: 38354506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although antibody fragments are a critical impurity to remove from process streams, few platformable purification techniques have been developed to this end. In this work, a novel size-exclusion-mixed-mode (SEMM) resin was characterized with respect to its efficacy in mAb fragment removal. Inverse size-exclusion chromatography showed that the silica-based resin had a narrow pore size distribution and a median pore radius of roughly 6.2 nm. Model-based characterization was carried out with Chromatography Analysis and Design Toolkit (CADET), using the general rate model and the multicomponent Langmuir isotherm. Model parameters were obtained from fitting breakthrough curves, performed at multiple residence times, for a mixture of mAb, aggregates, and an array of fragments (varying in size). Accurate fits were obtained to the frontal chromatographic data across a range of residence times. Model validation was then performed with a scaled-up column, altering residence time and feed composition from the calibration run. Accurate predictions were obtained, thereby illustrating the model's interpolative and extrapolative capabilities. Additionally, the SEMM resin achieved 90% mAb yield, 37% aggregate removal, 29% [Formula: see text] removal, 54% Fab/Fc removal, 100% Fc fragments removal, and a productivity of 72.3 g mAbL×h. Model predictions for these statistics were all within 5%. Simulated batch uptake experiments showed that resin penetration depth was directly related to protein size, with the exception of the aggregate species, and that separation was governed by differential pore diffusion rates. Additional simulations were performed to characterize the dependence of fragment removal on column dimension, load density, and feed composition. Fragment removal was found to be highly dependent on column load density, where optimal purification was achieved below 100 mg protein/mL column. Furthermore, fragment removal was dependent on column volume (constant load mass), but agnostic to whether column length or diameter was changed. Lastly, the dependence on feed composition was shown to be complex. While fragment removal was inversely related to fragment mass fraction in the feed, the extent depended on fragment size. Overall, the results from this study illustrated the efficacy of the SEMM resin in fragment and aggregate removal and elucidated relationships with key operational parameters through model-based characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Altern
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Kocot
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jacob P LeBarre
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Cristiana Boi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael W Phillips
- Downstream Research and Development, EMD Millipore Corporation, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - David J Roush
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Steven M Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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5
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Uçan D, Hales JE, Aoudjane S, Todd N, Dalby PA. Column-free optical deconvolution of intrinsic fluorescence for a monoclonal antibody and its product-related impurities. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1711:464463. [PMID: 37866332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of monoclonal antibody (mAb) aggregates and fragments using high pressure liquid chromatography-size exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC) typically requires off-line measurements that are time-consuming and therefore not compatible with real-time monitoring. However, it has been crucial to manufacturing and process development, and remains the industrial standard in the assessment of product-related impurities. Here we demonstrate that our previously established intrinsic time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) approach can be used to quantify the bioprocess critical quality attribute (CQA) of antibody product purity at various stages of a typical downstream process, with the potential to be developed for in-line bioprocess monitoring. This was directly benchmarked against industry-standard HPLC-SEC. Strong linear correlations were observed between outputs from TRF spectroscopy and HPLC-SEC, for the monomer and aggregate-fragment content, with R2 coefficients of 0.99 and 0.69, respectively. At total protein concentrations above 1.41 mg/mL, HPLC-SEC UV-Vis chromatograms displayed signs of detector saturation which reduced the accuracy of protein quantification, thus requiring additional sample dilution steps. By contrast, TRF spectroscopy increased in accuracy at these concentrations due to higher signal-to-noise ratios. Our approach opens the potential for reducing the time and labour required for validating aggregate content in mAb bioprocess stages from the several hours required for HPLC-SEC to a few minutes per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Uçan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John E Hales
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Samir Aoudjane
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nathan Todd
- Cytiva, 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, UK
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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6
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Nijhawan HP, Prabhakar B, Misra A, Yadav KS. Fragmented antibodies in non-small cell lung cancer: A novel nano-engineered delivery system for detection and treatment of cancer. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103701. [PMID: 37453459 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a long history of defying traditional cytotoxic treatment. Significant advancements in biotechnology, cancer biology, and immunotherapy have provided new insights that have altered the landscape for the management of NSCLC, clearing the way for a new era of pharmaceuticals in the form of monoclonal antibodies and their fragments. Antibody fragments are superior to monoclonal antibodies because of their small size, which allows them to penetrate cells and tissues effectively. When combined with functional nanocarriers, antibody fragments can target cancer cells while offering improved efficacy and fewer off-target effects. We discuss current topics of interest including anti-CTLA-4 mAbs, Talactoferrin alfa (TLF), and the CYFRA 21-1 biomarker, with brief insights into its novel detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh P Nijhawan
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Vile-Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Bala Prabhakar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Vile-Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Vile-Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Vile-Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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7
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Tatli O, Oz Y, Dingiloglu B, Yalcinkaya D, Basturk E, Korkmaz M, Akbulut L, Hatipoglu D, Kirmacoglu C, Akgun B, Turk K, Pinar O, Sariyar Akbulut B, Atabay Z, Tahir Turanli E, Kazan D, Dinler Doganay G. A two-step purification platform for efficient removal of Fab-related impurities: A case study for Ranibizumab. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21001. [PMID: 38027967 PMCID: PMC10651443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fragments (Fabs) constitute one of the largest and most rapidly expanding groups of protein pharmaceuticals. In particular, antibody fragments have certain advantages over mAbs in some therapeutic settings. However, due to their greater chemical diversity, they are more challenging to purify for large-scale production using a standard purification platform. Besides, the removal of Fab-related byproducts poses a difficult purification challenge. Alternative Fab purification platforms could expedite their commercialization and reduce the cost and time invested. Accordingly, we employed a strong cation exchanger using a pH-based, highly linear gradient elution mode following Protein L affinity purification and developed a robust two-step purification platform for an antibody fragment. The optimized pH gradient elution conditions were determined on the basis of purity level, yield, and the abundance of Fab-related impurities, particularly free light chain. The purified Fab molecule Ranibizumab possessed a high degree of similarity to its originator Lucentis. The developed purification platform highly intensified the process and provided successful clearance of formulated Fab- and process-related impurities (∼98 %) with an overall process recovery of 50 % and, thus, might be a new option for Fab purification for both academic and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Tatli
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Oz
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Baran Dingiloglu
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yalcinkaya
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Basturk
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Melis Korkmaz
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Latif Akbulut
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Derya Hatipoglu
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Cansin Kirmacoglu
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Buse Akgun
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Kubra Turk
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Orkun Pinar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Turkey
| | | | | | - Eda Tahir Turanli
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kazan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
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8
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Rahmati S, Bagherzadeh K, Arab SS, Torkashvand F, Amanlou M, Vaziri B. Computational designing of the ligands of Protein L affinity chromatography based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37855377 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2268219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein L is a multidomain protein from Peptostreptococcus magnus with binding affinity to kappa light chain of human immunoglobulin (Ig) which is used for the purification of antibody fragments by affinity chromatography. The advances in protein engineering and computational biology approaches lead to the development of engineered affinity ligands with improved properties including binding affinity. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) and Osprey software were used to design single B domains of the Protein L with higher affinity to antibody fragments. The modified B domains were then polymerized to ligand with six B domains by homology modeling methods. The results showed that single B domain mutants of MB1 (Thr865Trp) and MB2 (Thr847Met-Thr865Trp) had higher binding affinity to Fab compared to the wild single B domain. Also, MDs and molecular docking results showed that the polymerized Proteins L including the wild and mutated six B domains (6B0, 6B1, and 6B2) were stable during MDs and the two mutants of 6B1 and 6B2 showed higher binding affinity to Fab relative to the wild type.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Rahmati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bagherzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Alves-Mondini C, Beltramino M, Jiacomini IG, Karim-Silva S, Dos Santos Antunes N, de Moura J, Aubrey N, Billiald P, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Alvarenga LM, Becker-Finco A. Identification of a common epitope in knottins and phospholipases D present in Loxosceles sp venom by a monoclonal antibody. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125588. [PMID: 37399872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
In the Americas and specially in Brazil, the Loxosceles intermedia, Loxosceles gaucho and Loxosceles laeta are the three most medically relevant brown spider species, and whose bites can lead to the condition known as loxoscelism. Here, we report the development of a tool capable of identifying a common epitope amongst Loxosceles sp. venom's toxins. A murine monoclonal antibody (LmAb12) and its recombinant fragments (scFv12P and diabody12P) have been produced and characterized. This antibody and its recombinant constructs were able to recognize proteins of Loxosceles spider venoms with specificity. The scFv12P variant was also able to detect low concentrations of Loxosceles venom in a competitive ELISA assay, displaying potential as a venom identification tool. The primary antigenic target of LmAb12 is a knottin, a venom neurotoxin, that has a shared identity of 100 % between the L. intermedia and L. gaucho species and high similarity to L. laeta. Furthermore, we observed LmAb12 was able to partially inhibit in vitro hemolysis, a cellular event typically induced by the Loxosceles sp. venoms. Such behavior might be due to LmAb12 cross-reactivity between the antigenic target of LmAb12 and the venom's dermonecrotic toxins, the PLDs, or even the existence of synergism between these two toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Alves-Mondini
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martina Beltramino
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabella Gizzi Jiacomini
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Université de Tours - INRA, UMR 1282, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Karim-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Dos Santos Antunes
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Moura
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Aubrey
- Université de Tours - INRA, UMR 1282, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Billiald
- LVTS, INSERM UMR S1148, Paris & Université Paris-Saclay, School of Pharmacy, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Larissa M Alvarenga
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Becker-Finco
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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10
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Kowalczyk A, Gajda-Walczak A, Ruzycka-Ayoush M, Targonska A, Mosieniak G, Glogowski M, Szumera-Cieckiewicz A, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Bamburowicz-Klimkowska M, Nowicka AM, Grudzinski IP. Parallel SPR and QCM-D Quantitative Analysis of CD9, CD63, and CD81 Tetraspanins: A Simple and Sensitive Way to Determine the Concentration of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Human Lung Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37307147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins, including CD9, CD63, and CD81, are transmembrane biomarkers that play a crucial role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as plasma membrane dynamics and protein trafficking. In this study, we developed simple, fast, and sensitive immunosensors to determine the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human lung cancer cells using tetraspanins as biomarkers. We employed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) as detectors. The monoclonal antibodies targeting CD9, CD63, and CD81 were oriented vertically in the receptor layer using either a protein A sensor chip (SPR) or a cysteamine layer that modified the gold crystal (QCM-D) without the use of amplifiers. The SPR studies demonstrated that the interaction of EVs with antibodies could be described by the two-state reaction model. Furthermore, the EVs' affinity to monoclonal antibodies against tetraspanins decreased in the following order: CD9, CD63, and CD81, as confirmed by the QCM-D studies. The results indicated that the developed immunosensors were characterized by high stability, a wide analytical range from 6.1 × 104 particles·mL-1 to 6.1 × 107 particles·mL-1, and a low detection limit (0.6-1.8) × 104 particles·mL-1. A very good agreement between the results obtained using the SPR and QCM-D detectors and nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated that the developed immunosensors could be successfully applied to clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kowalczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Street 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gajda-Walczak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Street 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ruzycka-Ayoush
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Streer 1, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Targonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura Street 3, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Mosieniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura Street 3, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Glogowski
- Department of Lung Cancer and Chest Tumors, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena Street 5, PL-02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szumera-Cieckiewicz
- Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena Street 5, PL-02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek
- Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena Street 5, PL-02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Streer 1, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Nowicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Street 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz P Grudzinski
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Streer 1, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Calcium-dependent affinity ligands for the purification of antibody fragments at neutral pH. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1694:463902. [PMID: 36871527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The emerging formats of antibody fragments for biotherapeutics suffer from inadequate purification methods, delaying the advances of innovative therapies. One of the top therapeutic candidates, the single-chain variable fragment (scFv), requires the development of individual purification protocols dependent on the type of scFv. The available approaches that are based on selective affinity chromatography but do not involve the use of a purification tag, such as Protein L and Protein A chromatography, require acidic elution buffers. These elution conditions can cause the formation of aggregates and thereby greatly compromise the yield, which can be a major problem for scFvs that are generally unstable molecules. Due to the costly and time-consuming production of biological drugs, like antibody fragments, we have engineered novel purification ligands that elute the scFvs in a calcium-dependent manner. The developed ligands are equipped with new, selective binding surfaces and were shown to efficiently elute all captured scFv at neutral pH with the use of a calcium chelator. Further, two of three ligands were proven not to bind to the CDRs of the scFv, indicating potential for use as generic affinity ligands to a range of different scFvs. Multimerization and optimization of the most promising ligand led to a 3-fold increase in binding capacity for the hexamer compared to the monomer, in addition to highly selective and efficient purification of a scFv with >95% purity in a single purification step. This calcium-dependent ligand could revolutionize the scFv industry, greatly facilitating the purification procedure and improving the quality of the final product.
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12
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Samantasinghar A, Sunildutt NP, Ahmed F, Soomro AM, Salih ARC, Parihar P, Memon FH, Kim KH, Kang IS, Choi KH. A comprehensive review of key factors affecting the efficacy of antibody drug conjugate. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114408. [PMID: 36841027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) is an emerging technology to overcome the limitations of chemotherapy by selectively targeting the cancer cells. ADC binds with an antigen, specifically over expressed on the surface of cancer cells, results decrease in bystander effect and increase in therapeutic index. The potency of an ideal ADC is entirely depending on several physicochemical factors such as site of conjugation, molecular weight, linker length, Steric hinderance, half-life, conjugation method, binding energy and so on. Inspite of the fact that there is more than 100 of ADCs are in clinical trial only 14 ADCs are approved by FDA for clinical use. However, to design an ideal ADC is still challenging and there is much more to be done. Here in this review, we have discussed the key components along with their significant role or contribution towards the efficacy of an ADC. Moreover, we also explained about the recent advancement in the conjugation method. Additionally, we spotlit the mode of action of an ADC, recent challenges, and future perspective regarding ADC. The profound knowledge regarding key components and their properties will help in the synthesis or production of different engineered ADCs. Therefore, contributes to develop an ADC with low safety concern and high therapeutic index. We hope this review will improve the understanding and encourage the practicing of research in anticancer ADCs development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, the Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Pratibha Parihar
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Fida Hussain Memon
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, the Republic of Korea
| | | | - In Suk Kang
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, the Republic of Korea.
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13
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Kilgore R, Chu W, Bhandari D, Fischler D, Carbonell RG, Crapanzano M, Menegatti S. Development of peptide affinity ligands for the purification of polyclonal and monoclonal Fabs from recombinant fluids. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463701. [PMID: 36502645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered multi-specific monoclonal antibodies (msAbs) and antibody fragments offer valuable therapeutic options against metabolic disorders, aggressive cancers, and viral infections. The advancement in molecular design and recombinant expression of these next-generation drugs, however, is not equaled by the progress in downstream bioprocess technology. The purification of msAbs and fragments requires affinity adsorbents with orthogonal biorecognition of different portions of the antibody structure, namely its Fc (fragment crystallizable) and Fab (fragment antigen-binding) regions or the CH1-3 and CL chains. Current adsorbents rely on protein ligands that, while featuring high binding capacity and selectivity, need harsh elution conditions and suffer from high cost, limited biochemical stability, and potential release of immunogenic fragments. Responding to these challenges, we undertook the de novo discovery of peptide ligands that target different regions of human Fab and enable product release under mild conditions. The ligands were discovered by screening a focused library of 12-mer peptides against a feedstock comprising human Fab and Chinese hamster ovary host cell proteins (CHO HCPs). The identified ligands were evaluated via binding studies as well as molecular docking simulations, returning excellent values of binding capacity (Qmax ∼ 20 mg of Fab per mL of resin) and dissociation constant (KD = 2.16·10-6 M). Selected ligand FRWNFHRNTFFP and commercial Protein L ligands were further characterized by measuring the dynamic binding capacity (DBC10%) at different residence times (RT) and performing the purification of polyclonal and monoclonal Fabs from CHO-K1 cell culture fluids. The peptide ligand featured DBC10% ∼ 6-16 mg/mL (RT of 2 min) and afforded values of yield (93-96%) and purity (89-96%) comparable to those provided by Protein L resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Dipendra Bhandari
- LigaTrap Technologies, 1791 Varsity Dr., Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - David Fischler
- LigaTrap Technologies, 1791 Varsity Dr., Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Ruben G Carbonell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Michael Crapanzano
- LigaTrap Technologies, 1791 Varsity Dr., Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; LigaTrap Technologies, 1791 Varsity Dr., Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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14
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Rezvani K, WuDunn D, Hunter AK, Aspelund MT. Leveraging light chain binding avidity for control of mispaired byproducts during production of asymmetric bispecific antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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The Potential of Antibody Technology and Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092158. [PMID: 36140259 PMCID: PMC9495799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is highly aggressive and is known to be efficient at resisting drug-induced apoptotic signals. Resection is currently the gold standard for melanoma management, but it only offers local control of the early stage of the disease. Metastatic melanoma is prone to recurrence, and has a poor prognosis and treatment response. Thus, the need for advanced theranostic alternatives is evident. Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly studied for melanoma treatment; however, it relies on passive drug accumulation, leading to off-target effects. Nanoparticles enhance drug biodistribution, uptake and intra-tumoural concentration and can be functionalised with monoclonal antibodies that offer selective biorecognition. Antibody–drug conjugates reduce passive drug accumulation and off-target effects. Nonetheless, one limitation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates is their lack of versatility, given cancer’s heterogeneity. Monoclonal antibodies suffer several additional limitations that make recombinant antibody fragments more desirable. SNAP-tag is a modified version of the human DNA-repair enzyme, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. It reacts in an autocatalytic and covalent manner with benzylguanine-modified substrates, providing a simple protein labelling system. SNAP-tag can be genetically fused with antibody fragments, creating fusion proteins that can be easily labelled with benzylguanine-modified payloads for site-directed delivery. This review aims to highlight the benefits and limitations of the abovementioned approaches and to outline how their combination could enhance photodynamic therapy for melanoma.
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16
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An effective strategy for the humanization of antibody fragments under an accelerated timeline. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:465-474. [PMID: 35803408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in therapy is gradually advancing and discussions entail its safety, rentability and effectiveness. To this date, around a hundred mAbs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of various diseases. Aiming for their large-scale production, recombinant DNA technology is mainly employed, and antibodies can be expressed in various eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. Moreover, considering their heterologous origin and potential immunogenicity, various strategies have been developed for mAb humanization, considering that around 50 % of commercial mAbs are humanized. Hence, we introduce LimAb7, a mouse mAb capable of binding and neutralizing brown spider's Loxosceles intermedia dermonecrotic toxins in vivo/in vitro. This antibody has been produced in mouse and humanized scFv and diabody formats, however results indicated losses in antigen-binding affinity, stability, and neutralizing ability. Intending to develop evolved, stable, and neutralizing antibody fragments, we report for the first time the design of humanized antibody V-domains produced as Fab fragments, against spider venom toxins. Improvements in constructs were observed regarding their physicochemical stability, target binding and binding pattern maintenance. As their neutralizing features remain to be characterized, we believe this data sheds new light on antibody humanization by producing a parental molecule in different recombinant formats.
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17
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Abstract
Quality-by-Design (QbD) is demanded by regulatory authorities in biopharmaceutical production. Within the QbD frame advanced process control (APC), facilitated through process analytical technology (PAT) and digital twins (DT), plays an increasingly important role as it can help to assure to stay within the predefined proven acceptable range (PAR).This ensures high product quality, minimizes failure and is an important step towards a real-time-release testing (RTRT) that could help to accelerate time-to-market of drug substances, which is becoming even more important in light of dynamical pandemic situations. The approach is exemplified on scFv manufacturing in Escherichia coli. Simulation results from digital twins are compared to experimental data and found to be accurate and precise. Harvest is achieved by tangential flow filtration followed by product release through high pressure homogenization and subsequent clarification by tangential flow filtration. Digital twins of the membrane processes show that shear rate and transmembrane pressure are significant process parameters, which is in line with experimental data. Optimized settings were applied to 0.3 bar and a shear rate of 11,000 s−1. Productivity of chromatography steps were 5.3 g/L/d (Protein L) and 2167 g/L/d (CEX) and the final product concentration was 8 g/L. Based on digital twin results, an optimized process schedule was developed that decreased purification time to one working day, which is a factor-two reduction compared to the conventional process schedule. This work presents the basis for future studies on advanced process control and automation for biologics production in microbials in regulated industries.
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18
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Abstract
Auto-inducible promoter systems have been reported to increase soluble product formation in the periplasm of E. coli compared to inducer-dependent systems. In this study, we investigated the phosphate (PO4)-sensitive phoA expression system (pAT) for the production of a recombinant model antigen-binding fragment (Fab) in the periplasm of E. coli in detail. We explored the impact of non-limiting and limiting PO4 conditions on strain physiology as well as Fab productivity. We compared different methods for extracellular PO4 detection, identifying automated colorimetric measurement to be most suitable for at-line PO4 monitoring. We showed that PO4 limitation boosts phoA-based gene expression, however, the product was already formed at non-limiting PO4 conditions, indicating leaky expression. Furthermore, cultivation under PO4 limitation caused physiological changes ultimately resulting in a metabolic breakdown at PO4 starvation. Finally, we give recommendations for process optimization with the phoA expression system. In summary, our study provides very detailed information on the E. coli phoA expression system, thus extending the existing knowledge of this system, and underlines its high potential for the successful production of periplasmic products in E. coli.
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19
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Challenges in Expression and Purification of Functional Fab Fragments in E. coli: Current Strategies and Perspectives. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial host systems remain the most efficient and cost-effective chassis for biotherapeutics production. Escherichia coli is often the preferred host due to ease of cloning, scale-up, high product yields, and most importantly, cost-effective cultivation. E. coli often experience difficulties in producing biologically active therapeutics such as Fab fragments, which require protein folding and subsequent three-dimensional structure development. This paper outlines the recent improvements in upstream and downstream unit operations for producing Fab fragments in E. coli. Monoclonal antibody fragments (Fab) are a rising class of biotherapeutics and their production has been optimised using coexpression of molecular chaperones such as DsbC or DnaK–DnaJ–GrpE, as well as strain engineering for post-translational modifications such as disulphide bridging. Different media systems such as EnBase and combining nitrogen source supplementation with low-temperature cultivation have resulted in improvement in cell integrity, protein expression, and protein refolding. The recovery of native proteins from insoluble inclusion bodies can be improved by adjusting refolding conditions, as well as by incorporating multimodal and affinity chromatography for achieving high product yields in purification. Recent developments summarised in this review may tune the E. coli expression system to produce more complex and glycosylated proteins for therapeutic use in the near future.
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20
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De novo Discovery of Peptide-based Affinity Ligands for the Fab Fragment of Human Immunoglobulin G. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Ling WL, Yeo JY, Ng YL, Wipat A, Gan SKE. More Than Meets the Kappa for Antibody Superantigen Protein L (PpL). Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11010014. [PMID: 35225872 PMCID: PMC8883962 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superantigens play an important role in affinity purification of antibodies and the microbiota-immune axis at mucosal areas. Based on current understanding, Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA), Streptococcal Protein G (SpG) and Finegoldia Protein L (PpL) are thought to only bind specific regions of human antibodies, allowing for selective purification of antibody isotypes and chains. Clinically, these superantigens are often classified as toxins and increase the virulence of the producing pathogen through unspecific interactions with immune proteins. To perform an in-depth interaction study of these three superantigens with antibodies, bio-layer interferometry (BLI) measurements of their interactions with a permutation panel of 63 IgG1 variants of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab CDRs grafted to the six human Vκ and seven human VH region families were tested. Through this holistic and systemic analysis of IgG1 variants with various antibody regions modified, comparisons revealed novel PpL–antibody interactions influenced by other non-canonical antibody known light-chain framework regions, whereas SpA and SpG showed relatively consistent interactions. These findings have implications on PpL-based affinity antibody purification and design that can guide the engineering and understanding of PpL-based microbiota-immune effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Ling
- Antibody & Product Development Laboratory, Experimental Drug Development Centre—Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; (W.-L.L.); (J.Y.Y.)
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute (NewRIIS), Singapore 609607, Singapore;
| | - Joshua Yi Yeo
- Antibody & Product Development Laboratory, Experimental Drug Development Centre—Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; (W.-L.L.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Yuen-Ling Ng
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute (NewRIIS), Singapore 609607, Singapore;
| | - Anil Wipat
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Antibody & Product Development Laboratory, Experimental Drug Development Centre—Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; (W.-L.L.); (J.Y.Y.)
- James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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22
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Fattahi Z, Tohidkia MR, Yari Khosroushahi A. Phage display-derived immunorecognition elements LSPR nanobiosensor for peptide hormone glycine-extended gastrin 17 detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:48. [PMID: 34988639 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study intended to evaluate two types of biorecognition element (BRE), namely recombinant antibody fragments and M13 bacteriophage-displayed antibody fragments, where protein L and electrostatic interactions were used to respectively conjugated antibodies and bacteriophages on AuNPs. The functionalization process was examined by DLS to monitor the changes in the size and zeta potential. The formation of the BRE-G17-Gly immunological complexes was manifested by aggregation (confirmed by FE-SEM) and color change from red to dark blue visible to the naked eye. Local refractive index variations of functionalized AuNPs were monitored by a UV - vis spectrophotometer, showing increasing size and decreasing zeta potential in all stages. The calibration plot was developed in the concentration range 1-5 µg/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1 µg/mL. The LSRP nanobiosensor in combination with the phage-based BRE was an affordable and simple approach, as it was able to eliminate the time-consuming and costly step of extracting antibodies. Contrary to the traditional immunoassays, this method does not require additional amplification, e.g., enzymatic, to read the result. The proposed LSPR nanobiosensor model can be adapted to detect a wide range of pathogens, viruses, and biomarkers in the shortest possible time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fattahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Research and Development Complex, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23
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A New Practice to Monitor the Fabrication Process of Fab-Targeting Ligands from Bevacizumab by LC-MS: Preparation and Analytical Characterization. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to qualitatively evaluate a Fab-targeting ligand preparation containing free thiol groups in the hinge region by using bevacizumab as a model. The evaluation focused on the purification of fragments through a nonaffinity-based process using a centrifugal ultrafiltration technique and mild reduction conditions for the intact production of F(ab’) fragments with specific inter-heavy-chain disulfide bonds cleavage. Under these conditions, F(ab’) fragments with a defined chemical composition were successfully obtained via proteolytic digestion followed by a controlled reduction reaction process maintaining the integrity of the binding sites. The ultrafiltration purification technique appears to be suitable for the removal of the digestive enzyme but inefficient for the removal of Fc fragments, thus requiring additional processing. A suitable analytical strategy was developed, allowing us to demonstrate the reformation of disulfide bridges between the two reduced cysteines within F(ab’) fragments.
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24
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A comprehensive review on immuno-nanomedicine for breast cancer therapy: Technical challenges and troubleshooting measures. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108433. [PMID: 34922248 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized drug carriers have received a major attention in cancer therapeutics and theranostics. The immuno-nanomedicine is a combination of monoclonal antibody (mAb)/mAb-drug-nanoparticles. The immuno-nanomedicine offers a promising strategy to target cancer cells. However, the understating of nanotechnology, cancer biology, immunomedicine, and nanoparticle surface chemistry has provided a better clue to prepare the effective immuno-nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Moreover, the selection of nanoparticles type and its composition is essential for development of efficient drug delivery system (DDS) to target the cancer cell site. Immuno-nanomedicine works in the ligand-receptor binding mechanism through the interaction of mAb conjugated nanoparticles and specific antigen over expressed on target cancer cells. Therefore, the selection of specific receptors in the cancer cell and their ligand is important to prepare the active immuno-nanomedicines. Moreover, the factors such as drug loading, entrapment efficiency, size, shape, and ligand conjugation of a nanocarrier are considered as major factors for a better cancer cell, internalization, drug release, and cancer cell ablation. The target-based over-expression of antigen, mAb is engineered and conjugated with nanoparticles for successful targeting of the cancer cells without causing adverse effects to normal cells. Therefore, this review analyzed the fundamental factors in the immuno-nanomedicine for breast cancer and its technical challenges in the fabrication of the antibody alone/and drug conjugated nanoparticles.
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25
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Huang RY, Lee CN, Moochhala S. Circulating Antibodies to Skin Bacteria Detected by Serological Lateral Flow Immunoassays Differentially Correlated With Bacterial Abundance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:709562. [PMID: 34867837 PMCID: PMC8635989 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serological lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was used to detect circulating antibodies to skin bacteria. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the skin microbiome revealed a high relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes but low abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium aurimucosum on human facial samples. Yet, results from both LFIA and antibody titer quantification in 96-well microplates illustrated antibody titers that were not correspondent, and instead negatively correlated, to their respective abundance with human blood containing higher concentrations of antibodies to both S. aureus and C. aurimucosum than C. acnes. Acne vulgaris develops several unique microbial and cellular features, but its correlation with circulating antibodies to bacteria in the pilosebaceous unit remains unknown. Results here revealed that antibodies to C. acnes and S. aureus were approximately 3-fold higher and 1.5-fold lower, respectively, in acne patients than in healthy subjects. Although the results can be further validated by larger sample sizes, the proof-of-concept study demonstrates a newfound discrepancy between the abundance of skin bacteria and amounts of their corresponding antibodies. And in light of acne-correlated amplified titers of specific anticommensal antibodies, we highlight that profiling these antibodies in the pilosebaceous unit by LFIAs may provide a unique signature for monitoring acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shabbir Moochhala
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. Engineered mRNA and the Rise of Next-Generation Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10040037. [PMID: 34698057 PMCID: PMC8544192 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are widely used as therapeutic agents in medicine. However, clinical-grade proteins require sophisticated technologies and are extremely expensive to produce, resulting in long lead times and high costs. The use of gene transfer methods for in vivo secretion of therapeutic antibodies could circumvent problems related to large-scale production and purification and offer additional benefits by achieving sustained concentrations of therapeutic antibodies, which is particularly relevant to short-lived antibody fragments and next-generation, Fc-free, multispecific antibodies. In recent years, the use of engineered mRNA-based gene delivery has significantly increased in different therapeutic areas because of the advantages it possesses over traditional gene delivery platforms. The application of synthetic mRNA will allow for the avoidance of manufacturing problems associated with recombinant proteins and could be instrumental in consolidating regulatory approvals for next-generation therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.Á.-V.)
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.Á.-V.)
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27
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Chong HY, Leow CY, Leow CH. Generation of soluble, disulfide-rich JEV NS1 protein recognizable by anti-NS1 antibodies through a simplified, in vitro refolding approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:485-493. [PMID: 34174313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Co-existence of Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) with highly homologous antigenic epitopes results in antibody-based serodiagnosis being inaccurate at detecting and distinguishing JEV from other flaviviruses. This often causes misdiagnosis and inefficient treatments of flavivirus infection. Generation of JEV NS1 protein remains a challenge as it is notably expressed in the form of inactive aggregates known as inclusion bodies using bacterial expression systems. This study evaluated two trxB and gor E. coli strains in producing soluble JEV NS1 via a cold-shock expression system. High yield of JEV NS1 inclusion bodies was produced using cold-shocked expression system. Subsequently, a simplified yet successful approach in generating soluble, active JEV NS1 protein through solubilization, purification and in vitro refolding of JEV NS1 protein from inclusion bodies was developed. A step-wise dialysis refolding approach was used to facilitate JEV NS1 refolding. The authenticity of the refolded JEV NS1 was confirmed by specific antibody binding on indirect ELISA commercial anti-NS1 antibodies which showed that the refolded JEV NS1 was highly immunoreactive. This presented approach is cost-effective, and negates the need for mammalian or insect cell expression systems in order to synthesize this JEV NS1 protein of important diagnostic and therapeutic relevance in Japanese Encephalitis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Chong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Glugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Glugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Glugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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High-throughput rat immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation profiling revealed subclass-specific changes associated with chronic stress. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104293. [PMID: 34118474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation corresponds well with immune system changes, so it can potentially be used as a biomarker for the consequences of chronic stress such as low-grade inflammation and enhanced immunosenescence in older animals. Here we present a high-throughput glycoproteomic workflow, including IgG enrichment, HILIC glycopeptide purification, and nano-LC-MS analysis of tryptic glycopeptides applied for the analysis of rat IgG. A cohort of 80 animals was exposed to seven stressors in a customized chronic stress protocol with blood and tissue sampling in three timepoints. Young female rats experienced an increase in agalactosylated glycoforms on IgG2a and IgG2c accompanied by a decrease in monogalactosylation. Among old females, increased galactosylation was observed in the IgG2b subclass, pointing to an anti-inflammatory activity of IgG. Additionally, IgG Fc N-glycosylation patterns in Sprague Dawley rats were analyzed, quantified, and reported for the first time. Our findings emphasize age-, sex- and subclass-dependent differences in IgG glycosylation related to chronic stress exposure, confirming the relevance of newly developed methods for further research in glycobiology of rodent immune response. SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we showed that a high-throughput streamlined methodology based on protein L 96-well monolithic plates for efficient rat IgG immunoaffinity enrichment from blood plasma, paired with appropriate tryptic glycopeptide preparation, HILIC-SPE enrichment, and nano-LC-MS methods was suitable for quick processing of large sample sets. We report a subclass-specific profiling and changes in rat IgG Fc galactosylation and adrenal gland immunohistochemistry of male and female animals exposed to a customized chronic stress protocol.
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Purification of antibody fragments via interaction with detergent micellar aggregates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11697. [PMID: 34083598 PMCID: PMC8175343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The research described in this report seeks to present proof-of-concept for a novel and robust platform for purification of antibody fragments and to define and optimize the controlling parameters. Purification of antigen-binding F(ab')2 fragments is achieved in the absence of chromatographic media or specific ligands, rather by using clusters of non-ionic detergent (e.g. Tween-60, Brij-O20) micelles chelated via Fe2+ ions and the hydrophobic chelator, bathophenanthroline (batho). These aggregates, quantitatively capture the F(ab')2 fragment in the absence or presence of E. coli lysate and allow extraction of only the F(ab')2 domain at pH 3.8 without concomitant aggregate dissolution or coextraction of bacterial impurities. Process yields range from 70 to 87% by densitometry. Recovered F(ab')2 fragments are monomeric (by dynamic light scattering), preserve their secondary structure (by circular dichroism) and are as pure as those obtained via Protein A chromatography (from a mixture of F(ab')2 and Fc fragments). The effect of process parameters on Ab binding and Ab extraction (e.g. temperature, pH, ionic strength, incubation time, composition of extraction buffer) are reported, using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and polyclonal human IgG's as test samples.
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Abstract
In the past 30 years, highly specific drugs, known as antibodies, have conquered the biopharmaceutical market. In addition to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody fragments are successfully applied. However, recombinant production faces challenges. Process analytical tools for monitoring and controlling production processes are scarce and time-intensive. In the downstream process (DSP), affinity ligands are established as the primary and most important step, while the application of other methods is challenging. The use of these affinity ligands as monitoring tools would enable a platform technology to monitor process steps in the USP and DSP. In this review, we highlight the current applications of affinity ligands (proteins A, G, and L) and discuss further applications as process analytical tools.
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Fink M, Schimek C, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Reinisch D, Brocard C, Hahn R, Striedner G. Integrated process development: The key to improve Fab production in E. coli. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000562. [PMID: 33580620 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioprocess development and optimization is a challenging, costly, and time-consuming effort. In this multidisciplinary task, upstream processing (USP) and downstream processing (DSP) are conventionally considered distinct disciplines. This consideration fosters "one-way" optimization disregarding interdependencies between unit operations; thus, the full potential of the process chain cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to fully integrate USP and DSP process development to provide balanced biotechnological production processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate how different host/secretory signal/antigen binding fragment (Fab) combinations in E. coli expression systems influence USP, primary recovery performance and the final product quality. We ran identical fed-batch cultivations with 16 different expression clones to study growth and product formation kinetics, as well as centrifugation efficiency, viscosity, extracellular DNA, and endotoxin content, important parameters in DSP. We observed a severe influence on cell growth, product titer, extracellular product, and cell lysis, accompanied by a significant impact on the analyzed parameters of DSP performance. Our results provide the basis for future research on integrated process development considering interdependencies between USP and DSP; however, individual products need to be considered specifically. These interdependencies need to be understood for rational decision-making and efficient process development in research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fink
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Schimek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Rainer Hahn
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Habazin S, Štambuk J, Šimunović J, Keser T, Razdorov G, Novokmet M. Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:73-135. [PMID: 34687008 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry and its hyphenated techniques enabled by the improvements in liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, novel ionization, and fragmentation modes are truly a cornerstone of robust and reliable protein glycosylation analysis. Boost in immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycan and glycopeptide profiling demands for both applied biomedical and research applications has brought many new advances in the field in terms of technical innovations, sample preparation, improved throughput, and confidence in glycan structural characterization. This chapter summarizes mass spectrometry basics, focusing on IgG and monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation analysis on several complexity levels. Different approaches, including antibody enrichment, glycan release, labeling, and glycopeptide preparation and purification, are covered and illustrated with recent breakthroughs and examples from the literature omitting excessive theoretical frameworks. Finally, selected highly popular methodologies in IgG glycoanalytics such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization are discussed more thoroughly yet in simple terms making this text a practical starting point either for the beginner in the field or an experienced clinician trying to make sense out of the IgG glycomic or glycoproteomic dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Habazin
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mislav Novokmet
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
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Petrović T, Trbojević-Akmačić I. Lectin and Liquid Chromatography-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:29-72. [PMID: 34687007 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) glycosylation has been shown to dramatically affect its structure and effector functions. Ig glycosylation changes have been associated with different diseases and show a promising biomarker potential for diagnosis and prognosis of disease advancement. On the other hand, therapeutic biomolecules based on structural and functional features of Igs demand stringent quality control during the production process to ensure their safety and efficacy. Liquid chromatography (LC) and lectin-based methods are routinely used in Ig glycosylation analysis complementary to other analytical methods, e.g., mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. This chapter covers analytical approaches based on LC and lectins used in low- and high-throughput N- and O-glycosylation analysis of Igs, with the focus on immunoglobulin G (IgG) applications. General principles and practical examples of the most often used LC methods for Ig purification are described, together with typical workflows for N- and O-glycan analysis on the level of free glycans, glycopeptides, subunits, or intact Igs. Lectin chromatography is a historical approach for the analysis of lectin-carbohydrate interactions and glycoprotein purification but is still being used as a valuable tool in Igs purification and glycan analysis. On the other hand, lectin microarrays have found their application in the rapid screening of glycan profiles on intact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Petrović
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
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Sillen M, Declerck PJ. Targeting PAI-1 in Cardiovascular Disease: Structural Insights Into PAI-1 Functionality and Inhibition. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:622473. [PMID: 33415130 PMCID: PMC7782431 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.622473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily with antiprotease activity, is the main physiological inhibitor of tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen activators (PAs). Apart from being crucially involved in fibrinolysis and wound healing, PAI-1 plays a pivotal role in various acute and chronic pathophysiological processes, including cardiovascular disease, tissue fibrosis, cancer, and age-related diseases. In the prospect of treating the broad range of PAI-1-related pathologies, many efforts have been devoted to developing PAI-1 inhibitors. The use of these inhibitors, including low molecular weight molecules, peptides, antibodies, and antibody fragments, in various animal disease models has provided ample evidence of their beneficial effect in vivo and moved forward some of these inhibitors in clinical trials. However, none of these inhibitors is currently approved for therapeutic use in humans, mainly due to selectivity and toxicity issues. Furthermore, the conformational plasticity of PAI-1, which is unique among serpins, poses a real challenge in the identification and development of PAI-1 inhibitors. This review will provide an overview of the structural insights into PAI-1 functionality and modulation thereof and will highlight diverse approaches to inhibit PAI-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Schimek C, Kubek M, Scheich D, Fink M, Brocard C, Striedner G, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Hahn R. Three-dimensional chromatography for purification and characterization of antibody fragments and related impurities from Escherichia coli crude extracts. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1638:461702. [PMID: 33229006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody fragments (Fab) are often produced by recombinant methods in Escherichia coli as no glycosylation is needed. Besides the correctly expressed Fab molecule, a multitude of host cell impurities and product related impurities are present in the crude sample. The identification and characterization of the product-related impurities, such as modified Fab-molecules or free light chain, are of utmost importance. The objective of this work was to design a purification strategy to isolate and characterize Fab and related impurities. A three-dimensional chromatography method was established, consisting of two affinity steps (Protein G and Protein L) and subsequent cation exchange chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry analysis of the purified samples. The procedure was automated by collecting the eluted target species in loops and directly loading the samples onto the high-resolution cation exchange chromatography column. As an example, four different Fab molecules are characterized. All four samples contained mainly the correct Fab, while only one showed extensive N-terminal pyroglutamate formation of the Fab. In another case, we found a light chain variant with uncleaved amino acids from the lead molecule, which was not used for the formation of whole Fab as only correct Fab was found in that sample. Impurities with lower molecular weights, which were bound on the Protein L column, were observed in all samples, and identified as fragments of the light chain. In conclusion, we have devised a platform for characterizing Fab and Fab-related impurities, which significantly facilitated strain selection and optimization of cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Schimek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Kubek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Scheich
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Fink
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Biopharma Austria Process Science, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1120 Wien
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Rodriguez EL, Poddar S, Iftekhar S, Suh K, Woolfork AG, Ovbude S, Pekarek A, Walters M, Lott S, Hage DS. Affinity chromatography: A review of trends and developments over the past 50 years. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1157:122332. [PMID: 32871378 PMCID: PMC7584770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of affinity chromatography, which employs a biologically-related agent as the stationary phase, has seen significant growth since the modern era of this method began in 1968. This review examines the major developments and trends that have occurred in this technique over the past five decades. The basic principles and history of this area are first discussed. This is followed by an overview of the various supports, immobilization strategies, and types of binding agents that have been used in this field. The general types of applications and fields of use that have appeared for affinity chromatography are also considered. A survey of the literature is used to identify major trends in these topics and important areas of use for affinity chromatography in the separation, analysis, or characterization of chemicals and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumen Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Sazia Iftekhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Kyungah Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ashley G Woolfork
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Susan Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Allegra Pekarek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Morgan Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Shae Lott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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Cacciatore I, Marinelli L. Patent evaluation of US2019338018 (A1) 2019-11-07 (antibody fragments for the treatment of biofilm-related disorders). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:907-909. [PMID: 32970473 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1828864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, microbial infections are also difficult to eradicate due to the increasing capability of bacteria to form a biofilm. In the era of antibiotic resistance, antibody-based approaches represent great promise in curing infective pathogens. The authors of US2019338018 patent propose a method for the treatment of biofilm-related disorders by using specific antibody fragments. AREAS COVERED The US2019338018 patent reports antibody fragments, pharmaceutical composition that contains it, and their application for the treatment of biofilm-linked disorders. Proof concept and preclinical results show that mAb mIhfB4NTHI Fab caused robust eradication of the biofilm in the middle ear lumen of chinchillas affected by Hemophilus influenzae infection. EXPERT OPINION Fab fragments of the US2019338018 patent are new in a general concept to treat bacterial biofilms and biofilm-linked disorders. However, pre-clinical data are only shown for the treatment with Fab fragments of infections caused by H. influenzae in the middle ear of chinchillas. There are no clinical trials that demonstrate that the treatment with Fab fragments may induce a disruption of biofilm produced by H. influenzae or other pathogens and an anti-inflammatory response in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy
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Cnudde T, Lakhrif Z, Bourgoin J, Boursin F, Horiot C, Henriquet C, di Tommaso A, Juste MO, Jiacomini IG, Dimier-Poisson I, Pugnière M, Mévélec MN, Aubrey N. Exploration and Modulation of Antibody Fragment Biophysical Properties by Replacing the Framework Region Sequences. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E9. [PMID: 32326443 PMCID: PMC7344962 DOI: 10.3390/antib9020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to increase the successful development of recombinant antibodies and fragments, it seems fundamental to enhance their expression and/or biophysical properties, such as the thermal, chemical, and pH stabilities. In this study, we employed a method bases on replacing the antibody framework region sequences, in order to promote more particularly single-chain Fragment variable (scFv) product quality. We provide evidence that mutations of the VH- C-C' loop might significantly improve the prokaryote production of well-folded and functional fragments with a production yield multiplied by 27 times. Additional mutations are accountable for an increase in the thermal (+19.6 °C) and chemical (+1.9 M) stabilities have also been identified. Furthermore, the hereby-produced fragments have shown to remain stable at a pH of 2.0, which avoids molecule functional and structural impairments during the purification process. Lastly, this study provides relevant information to the understanding of the relationship between the antibodies amino acid sequences and their respective biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cnudde
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; (T.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zineb Lakhrif
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; (T.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Justine Bourgoin
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; (T.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Fanny Boursin
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; (T.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Catherine Horiot
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; (T.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Corinne Henriquet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, U1194, Université Montpellier, ICM Institut Régional du Cancer, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne di Tommaso
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; (T.C.); (Z.L.)
| | | | - Isabella Gizzi Jiacomini
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Martine Pugnière
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, U1194, Université Montpellier, ICM Institut Régional du Cancer, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicolas Aubrey
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; (T.C.); (Z.L.)
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Reese H, Bordelon T, Odeh F, Broussard A, Kormos C, Murphy A, Shanahan C, Menegatti S. Purification of animal immunoglobulin G (IgG) using peptoid affinity ligands. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2994. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Reese
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | - Fuad Odeh
- LigaTrap LLC Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | | | | | - Calvin Shanahan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC)North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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40
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Robinson J, Roush D, Cramer SM. The effect of pH on antibody retention in multimodal cation exchange chromatographic systems. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1617:460838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Sakhnini LI, Pedersen AK, Dainiak MB, Bülow L. Multimeric fusion single-chain variable fragments as potential novel high-capacity ligands. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:507-514. [PMID: 31950675 PMCID: PMC7137789 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In basic and applied biotechnology, design of affinity ligands has become essential for high-capacity applications such as affinity-based downstream processes for therapeutic molecules. Here, we established a proof-of-concept for the use of multimeric fusion single-chain variable fragment (scFvs) as high-capacity ligands in affinity adsorbents. Mono- and di/tri-scFvs separated by Pro-rich negatively charged linkers were designed, produced, and immobilized to 6% cross-linked agarose beads. Frontal binding experiments with a target protein of 50 kDa resulted in up to 20 mg·mL-1 and 82% in dynamic binding capacity and utilization yield, respectively, at 100% breakthrough. The utilization of the binding sites was impacted by the ligand format and ligand density, rather than limitation in pore size of adsorbent as previously suggested. Overall, we demonstrated that multimeric fusion scFvs can successfully be developed and used as high-capacity ligands in affinity adsorbents, enabling lean process design and alignment with process specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila I. Sakhnini
- Global Research TechnologiesNovo Nordisk A/SCopenhagenDenmark
- Division of Pure and Applied BiochemistryLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Anja K. Pedersen
- Chemistry, Manufacturing and ControlNovo Nordisk A/SCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Leif Bülow
- Division of Pure and Applied BiochemistryLund UniversityLundSweden
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Begum AA, Toth I, Hussein WM, Moyle PM. Advances in Targeted Gene Delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 16:588-608. [PMID: 31142250 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190529072914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has the potential to treat both acquired and inherited genetic diseases. Generally, two types of gene delivery vectors are used - viral vectors and non-viral vectors. Non-viral gene delivery systems have attracted significant interest (e.g. 115 gene therapies approved for clinical trials in 2018; clinicaltrials.gov) due to their lower toxicity, lack of immunogenicity and ease of production compared to viral vectors. To achieve the goal of maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal adverse effects, the cell-specific targeting of non-viral gene delivery systems has attracted research interest. Targeting through cell surface receptors; the enhanced permeability and retention effect, or pH differences are potential means to target genes to specific organs, tissues, or cells. As for targeting moieties, receptorspecific ligand peptides, antibodies, aptamers and affibodies have been incorporated into synthetic nonviral gene delivery vectors to fulfill the requirement of active targeting. This review provides an overview of different potential targets and targeting moieties to target specific gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjuman A Begum
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
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Anees P, Gauthier MA. Homogenous Scavenging Resolves Low-Purification Yield/Selectivity Caused by Secondary Binding of Protein-A to Antigen-Binding Antibody Fragments. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:825-829. [PMID: 31841628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-binding fragments of antibodies are biotechnologically useful agents for decorating drug delivery systems, for blocking cell-surface receptors in cell culture, for recognizing analytes in biosensors, and potentially as therapeutics. They are typically produced by enzymatic digestion of full antibodies and isolated from the undesirable fragment crystallizable (Fc) by affinity chromatography using Protein-A columns. However, while Protein-A has a strong "classical" interaction with Fc fragments, it can also more weakly bind to an "alternative" site on the heavy chain variable region of antigen-binding fragments. As such, purifying small amounts of antibody fragments by Protein-A chromatography can result in low yield. Moreover, loading larger amounts of antibody fragments onto a Protein-A column can result in poor separation, because of competition of Fc and antigen-binding fragments for immobilized Protein-A. This study demonstrates that Protein-A-based homogeneous scavenging resolves this issue by precisely controlling the stoichiometry of Protein-A to Fc fragments, something that is not possible for conventional flow-type systems, such as affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palapuravan Anees
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center , 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center , 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , J3X 1S2 , Canada
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Reese H, Bordelon T, Shanahan C, Crapanzano M, Sly J, Menegatti S. Novel peptoid-based adsorbents for purifying IgM and IgG from polyclonal and recombinant sources. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1137:121909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Łącki KM, Riske FJ. Affinity Chromatography: An Enabling Technology for Large‐Scale Bioprocessing. Biotechnol J 2019; 15:e1800397. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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A microbial expression system for high-level production of scFv HIV-neutralizing antibody fragments in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8875-8888. [PMID: 31641814 PMCID: PMC6851033 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are of great biopharmaceutical importance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, their production in mammalian expression hosts usually requires extensive production times and is expensive. Escherichia coli has become a new platform for production of functional small antibody fragment variants. In this study, we have used a rhamnose-inducible expression system that allows precise control of protein expression levels. The system was first evaluated for the cytoplasmic production of super folder green fluorescence protein (sfGFP) in various production platforms and then for the periplasmic production of the anti-HIV single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) of PGT135. Anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies, like PGT135, have potential for clinical use to prevent HIV transmission, to promote immune responses and to eradicate infected cells. Different concentrations of L-rhamnose resulted in the controlled production of both sfGFP and scFv PGT135 antibody. In addition, by optimizing the culture conditions, the amount of scFv PGT135 antibody that was expressed soluble or as inclusions bodies could be modulated. The proteins were produced in batch bioreactors, with yields of 4.9 g/L for sfGFP and 0.8 g/L for scFv. The functionality of the purified antibodies was demonstrated by their ability to neutralize a panel of different HIV variants in vitro. We expect that this expression system will prove very useful for the development of a more cost-effective production process for proteins and antibody fragments in microbial cells.
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pH conditioning is a crucial step in primary recovery - A case study for a recombinant Fab from E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 165:105504. [PMID: 31560987 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary recovery of recombinant proteins from E. coli often describes a major challenge in downstream processing. After product release, the target protein usually accounts for only a small amount of total protein and has to be separated from a complex mixture of host cell proteins (HCPs) and non-proteinogenic impurities, such as DNA and lipids. Non-optimized procedures as well as unfavorable conditions at the extraction step and conditioning cause significant product loss already prior capture. In this study, we investigated pH conditioning during primary recovery for a subsequent cation exchange chromatography (CEX)-based capture of a recombinant Fab produced in E. coli. We showed that pH ≤ 5.0, which is necessary for CEX, led to high product loss due to protein precipitation during cell disruption and pH conditioning. Thus, we developed a procedure that resulted in a 25% increased Fab recovery prior capture based on simple re-arrangement of process steps and the use of a low-cost stabilizing agent. Summarizing, we show the huge potential for simple and cheap improvement of overall downstream process recovery by optimization of pH conditioning during primary product recovery.
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Nascimento A, Mullerpatan A, Azevedo AM, Karande P, Cramer S. Development of phage biopanning strategies to identify affinity peptide ligands for kappa light chain Fab fragments. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2884. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Nascimento
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Akshat Mullerpatan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Ana Margarida Azevedo
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Steven Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
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Bates A, Power CA. David vs. Goliath: The Structure, Function, and Clinical Prospects of Antibody Fragments. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E28. [PMID: 31544834 PMCID: PMC6640713 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the licensing of the first monoclonal antibody therapy in 1986, monoclonal antibodies have become the largest class of biopharmaceuticals with over 80 antibodies currently approved for a variety of disease indications. The development of smaller, antigen binding antibody fragments, derived from conventional antibodies or produced recombinantly, has been growing at a fast pace. Antibody fragments can be used on their own or linked to other molecules to generate numerous possibilities for bispecific, multi-specific, multimeric, or multifunctional molecules, and to achieve a variety of biological effects. They offer several advantages over full-length monoclonal antibodies, particularly a lower cost of goods, and because of their small size they can penetrate tissues, access challenging epitopes, and have potentially reduced immunogenicity. In this review, we will discuss the structure, production, and mechanism of action of EMA/FDA-approved fragments and of those in clinical and pre-clinical development. We will also discuss current topics of interest surrounding the potential use of antibody fragments for intracellular targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bates
- Biopharm Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Christine A Power
- Biopharm Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
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Chen C, Wakabayashi T, Muraoka M, Shu F, Wei Shan C, Chor Kun C, Tim Jang C, Soehano I, Shimizu Y, Igawa T, Nezu JI. Controlled conductivity at low pH in Protein L chromatography enables separation of bispecific and other antibody formats by their binding valency. MAbs 2019; 11:632-638. [PMID: 30898021 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1583996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex molecular formats of recent therapeutic antibodies, including bispecific antibodies, antibody fragments, and other fusion proteins, makes the task of purifying the desired molecules in a limited number of purification steps more and more challenging. Manufacturing these complicated biologics can be substantially improved in the affinity capture stage if the simple bind-and-elute mode is accompanied by targeted removal of the impurities, such as mis-paired antibodies and oligomers or aggregates. Here, we report a method, based on the binding valency to Protein L resin, of separating proteins during the elution step by simply controlling the conductivity at low pH. We show that the method efficiently separated targeted antibodies from mis-paired and aggregated species. Notably, the number of Protein L binding sites can be built into the molecule by design to facilitate the purification. This method may be useful for purifying various antibody formats at laboratory and manufacturing scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- a Antibody Generation Group, Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Singapore
| | - Tetsuya Wakabayashi
- b Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Masaru Muraoka
- a Antibody Generation Group, Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Singapore
| | - Feng Shu
- a Antibody Generation Group, Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Singapore
| | - Chia Wei Shan
- a Antibody Generation Group, Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Singapore
| | - Chong Chor Kun
- a Antibody Generation Group, Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Singapore
| | - Ching Tim Jang
- a Antibody Generation Group, Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Singapore
| | - Ishin Soehano
- a Antibody Generation Group, Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Singapore
| | - Yuichiro Shimizu
- a Antibody Generation Group, Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Singapore.,b Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- b Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan.,c Research Division , Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd ., Synapse , Singapore
| | - Jun-Ichi Nezu
- d Research Division , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Kamakura , Kanagawa , Japan
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