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Clemente CM, Murillo J, Garro AG, Arbeláez N, Pineda T, Robledo SM, Ravetti S. Piperine, quercetin, and curcumin identified as promising natural products for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:185. [PMID: 38632113 PMCID: PMC11023993 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis) causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the New World. The costs and the side effects of current treatments render imperative the development of new therapies that are affordable and easy to administer. Topical treatment would be the ideal option for the treatment of CL. This underscores the urgent need for affordable and effective treatments, with natural compounds being explored as potential solutions. The alkaloid piperine (PIP), the polyphenol curcumin (CUR), and the flavonoid quercetin (QUE), known for their diverse biological properties, are promising candidates to address these parasitic diseases. Initially, the in vitro cytotoxicity activity of the compounds was evaluated using U-937 cells, followed by the assessment of the leishmanicidal activity of these compounds against amastigotes of L. braziliensis. Subsequently, a golden hamster model with stationary-phase L. braziliensis promastigote infections was employed. Once the ulcer appeared, hamsters were treated with QUE, PIP, or CUR formulations and compared to the control group treated with meglumine antimoniate administered intralesionally. We observed that the three organic compounds showed high in vitro leishmanicidal activity with effective concentrations of less than 50 mM, with PIP having the highest activity at a concentration of 8 mM. None of the compounds showed cytotoxic activity for U937 macrophages with values between 500 and 700 mM. In vivo, topical treatment with QUE daily for 15 days produced cured in 100% of hamsters while the effectiveness of CUR and PIP was 83% and 67%, respectively. No failures were observed with QUE. Collectively, our data suggest that topical formulations mainly for QUE but also for CUR and PIP could be a promising topical treatment for CL. Not only the ease of obtaining or synthesizing the organic compounds evaluated in this work but also their commercial availability eliminates one of the most important barriers or bottlenecks in drug development, thus facilitating the roadmap for the development of a topical drug for the management of CL caused by L. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Clemente
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FCEyN-UBA) E Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Javier Murillo
- Grupo Estudios Preclínicos Para El Desarrollo de Productos, Corporación de Innovación CIDEPRO, Medellín, Colombia
- PECET-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ariel G Garro
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de La Provincia de Córdoba (MinCyT-CBA), Álvarez de Arenales 230, CP 5004, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555, CP 5900, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Natalia Arbeláez
- Grupo Estudios Preclínicos Para El Desarrollo de Productos, Corporación de Innovación CIDEPRO, Medellín, Colombia
- PECET-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Pineda
- Grupo Estudios Preclínicos Para El Desarrollo de Productos, Corporación de Innovación CIDEPRO, Medellín, Colombia
- PECET-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara M Robledo
- PECET-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Soledad Ravetti
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555, CP 5900, Villa María, Argentina.
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT VM), CP 5900, Villa María, Argentina.
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Marcolino LMC, Ambrosio JA, Pinto JG, Ferreira I, Simioni AR, Ferreira-Strixino J. Photodynamic therapy of cationic and anionic BSA-curcumin nanoparticles on amastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104001. [PMID: 38342387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease prevalent in tropical countries, and conventional treatment can cause several serious side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be considered a promising treatment alternative, as it is non-invasive therapy that has no side effects and uses accessible and low-cost substances, such as curcumin. This study evaluated the PDT response with cationic and anionic BSA nanoparticles encapsulated with curcumin in macrophages infected with L. braziliensis, L. major, and L. amazonensis. The nanoparticle system was characterized using a steady-state technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study, and its biological activity was evaluated using macrophage cell lines infected with different Leishmania species. All spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that BSA curcumin (BSACur) has good photophysical properties, and confocal microscopy shows that macrophages and protozoa internalized the nanoparticles. The viability test demonstrated that at low concentrations, such as 0.1, 0.7, and 1.0 µmol. L-1, there was a decrease in cell viability after PDT application. Furthermore, a decrease in the number of parasites recovered was observed in the PDT groups. The results allowed us to conclude that curcumin loaded into BSA nanoparticles may have potential application in drug delivery systems for PDT protocols, demonstrating reduced cell viability at lower concentrations than free curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maria Cortez Marcolino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab) - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Jessica Ar Ambrosio
- Micro and Nanoparticle Systems Laboratory - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab) - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Ferreira
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab) - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Andreza R Simioni
- Micro and Nanoparticle Systems Laboratory - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab) - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil.
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Kasprzak-Drozd K, Niziński P, Hawrył A, Gancarz M, Hawrył D, Oliwa W, Pałka M, Markowska J, Oniszczuk A. Potential of Curcumin in the Management of Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3617. [PMID: 38612433 PMCID: PMC11012053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenolic molecule derived from the rhizoma of Curcuma longa L. This compound has been used for centuries due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. These make it ideal for preventing and treating skin inflammation, premature skin ageing, psoriasis, and acne. Additionally, it exhibits antiviral, antimutagenic, and antifungal effects. Curcumin provides protection against skin damage caused by prolonged exposure to UVB radiation. It reduces wound healing times and improves collagen deposition. Moreover, it increases fibroblast and vascular density in wounds. This review summarizes the available information on the therapeutic effect of curcumin in treating skin diseases. The results suggest that curcumin may be an inexpensive, well-tolerated, and effective agent for treating skin diseases. However, larger clinical trials are needed to confirm these observations due to limitations in its in vivo use, such as low bioavailability after oral administration and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.H.)
| | - Przemysław Niziński
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Hawrył
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.H.)
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Weronika Oliwa
- Science Circle of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.O.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Magdalena Pałka
- Science Circle of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.O.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Julia Markowska
- Science Circle of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.O.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.H.)
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Marcolino LMC, Pinto JG, Ferreira I, Godoi BH, de Azevedo Canevari R, Ferreira-Strixino J. Molecular effects of photodynamic therapy with curcumin on Leishmania major promastigotes. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:146. [PMID: 38418645 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease mainly affecting low-income populations. Conventional treatment involves several side effects, is expensive, and, in addition, protozoa can develop resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative in treating the disease. PDT involves applying light at a specific wavelength to activate a photosensitive compound (photosensitizer, PS), to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Curcumin and its photochemical characteristics make it a good candidate for photodynamic therapy. Studies evaluating gene expression can help to understand the molecular events involved in the cell death caused by PDT. In the present study, RNA was extracted from promastigotes from the control and treated groups after applying PDT. RT-qPCR was performed to verify the expression of the putative ATPase beta subunit (ATPS), ATP synthase subunit A (F0F1), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), glycoprotein 63 (GP63), superoxide dismutase (FeSODA), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) genes (QR). The results suggest that PDT altered the expression of genes that participate in oxidative stress and cell death pathways, such as ATPS, FeSODA, and G6PD. The ATP-F0F1, ASS, and GP63 genes did not have their expression altered. However, it is essential to highlight that other genes may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and, consequently, in the death of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maria Cortez Marcolino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Ferreira
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Godoi
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata de Azevedo Canevari
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Dourado D, Silva Medeiros T, do Nascimento Alencar É, Matos Sales E, Formiga FR. Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:37-50. [PMID: 38213574 PMCID: PMC10777206 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that has affected more than 350 million people worldwide and can manifest itself in three different forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral. Furthermore, the current treatment options have drawbacks which compromise efficacy and patient compliance. To face this global health concern, new alternatives for the treatment of leishmaniasis have been explored. Curcumin, a polyphenol obtained from the rhizome of turmeric, exhibits leishmanicidal activity against different species of Leishmania spp. Although its mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated, its leishmanicidal potential may be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it has limitations that compromise its clinical use. Conversely, nanotechnology has been used as a tool for solving biopharmaceutical challenges associated with drugs, such as curcumin. From a drug delivery standpoint, nanocarriers (1-1000 nm) can improve stability, increase solubility, promote intracellular delivery, and increase biological activity. Thus, this review offers a deep look into curcumin-loaded nanocarriers intended for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dourado
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thayse Silva Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59010180, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Éverton do Nascimento Alencar
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Rocha Formiga
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Pernambuco (UPE), 50100-130, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Legabão BC, Galinari CB, Santos RSD, Bruschi ML, Gremião IDF, Boechat JS, Pereira SA, Malacarne LC, Caetano W, Bonfim-Mendonça PS, Svidzinski TIE. In vitro antifungal activity of curcumin mediated by photodynamic therapy on Sporothrix brasiliensis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103659. [PMID: 37336466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporothrix brasiliensis is a pathogenic dimorphic fungus that affects humans and animals causing sporotrichosis. The treatment of this disease with conventional antifungals commonly results in therapeutic failures and resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of curcumin (CUR) mediated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in its pure state and incorporated into pharmaceutical formulation in gel form, on the filamentous and yeast forms of S. brasiliensis. METHODS Cells from both forms of the fungus were treated with pure curcumin (PDT-CUR). For this, CUR concentrations ranging from 0.09 to 50 μM were incubated for 15 min and then irradiated with blue LED at 15 J/cm². Similarly, it was performed with PDT-CUR-gel, at lower concentration with fungistatic action. After, a qualitative and quantitative (colony forming units (CFU)) analysis of the results was performed. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Results PDT with 0.78 μM of CUR caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in cells of the filamentous and yeast form, 1.38 log10 and 1.18 log10, respectively, in comparison with the control. From the concentration of 1.56 μM of CUR, there was a total reduction in the number of CFU (≥ 3 log10). The PDT-CUR-gel, in relation to its base without CUR, presented a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of 0.83 log10 for the filamentous form and for the yeast form, 0.72 log10. ROS release was detected after the PDT-CUR assay, showing that this may be an important pathway of death caused by photoinactivation. Conclusion PDT-CUR has an important in vitro antifungal action against S. brasiliensis strains in both morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cipulo Legabão
- Graduate Student (Master's), Biosciences and Pathophysiology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Barros Galinari
- Postgraduate student (PhD), Biosciences and Pathophysiology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Said Dos Santos
- Postgraduate student (PhD), R & D Laboratory of Drug Distribution Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Professor, Drug Distribution Systems R&D Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of clinical Research Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Sepúlveda Boechat
- Laboratory of clinical Research Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antônio Pereira
- Laboratory of clinical Research Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Professor, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Bonfim-Mendonça
- Professor, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, block T20 room 203, Maringá CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Terezinha I E Svidzinski
- Professor, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, block T20 room 203, Maringá CEP: 87020-900, Brazil.
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Marques Meccatti V, de Souza Moura L, Guerra Pinto J, Ferreira-Strixino J, Abu Hasna A, Alves Figueiredo-Godoi LM, Campos Junqueira J, Marcucci MC, de Paula Ramos L, Carvalho CAT, Pucci CR, de Oliveira LD. Curcuma longa L. Extract and Photodynamic Therapy are Effective against Candida spp. and Do Not Show Toxicity In Vivo. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:5837864. [PMID: 35815117 PMCID: PMC9270141 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5837864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy induces a higher level of Candida spp. colonization, resulting in oral candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the phototransformation potential of the glycolic extract of Curcuma longa (C. longa); the antifungal activity of C. longa, curcumin, and antifungal photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with blue light-emitting diodes "LED" on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in vitro; and the toxicity of C. longa and curcumin in Galleria mellonella model. In order to confirm the light absorption capacity of the C. longa extract, its phototransformation potential was evaluated. The antifungal effect of C. longa, curcumin, and aPDT was evaluated over Candida spp. Finally, the toxicity of C. longa and curcumin was evaluated on the Galleria mellonella model. The data were analyzed using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software considering α = 5%. It was found that C. longa, curcumin, and aPDT using blue LED have an antifungal effect over C. albicans and C. tropicalis. The extract of C. longa 100 mg/mL and curcumin 200 μg/mL do not show toxicity on Galleria mellonella model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Marques Meccatti
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Souza Moura
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PHOTOBIOS)—University of Vale do Paraiba, Research and Development Institute. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911—São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PHOTOBIOS)—University of Vale do Paraiba, Research and Development Institute. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911—São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Marcucci
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Paula Ramos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar Rogério Pucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Garcia AR, Silva-Luiz YPG, Alviano CS, Alviano DS, Vermelho AB, Rodrigues IA. The Natural Alkaloid Tryptanthrin Induces Apoptosis-like Death in Leishmania spp. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7060112. [PMID: 35736990 PMCID: PMC9231190 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease against which there are no approved vaccines, and the treatment is based on highly toxic drugs. The alkaloids consist of a chemical class of natural nitrogen-containing substances with a long history of antileishmanial activity. The present study aimed at determining the antileishmanial activity and in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological potentials of tryptanthrin alkaloid. The anti-Leishmania amazonensis and anti-L. infantum assays were performed against both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Cellular viability was determined by parasites’ ability to grow (promastigotes) or differentiate (amastigotes) after incubation with tryptanthrin. The mechanisms of action were explored by mitochondrion dysfunction and apoptosis-like death evaluation. For the computational pharmacokinetics and toxicological analysis (ADMET), tryptanthrin was submitted to the PreADMET webserver. The alkaloid displayed anti-promastigote activity against L. amazonensis and L. infantum (IC50 = 11 and 8.0 μM, respectively). Tryptanthrin was active against intracellular amastigotes with IC50 values of 75 and 115 μM, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was observed in tryptanthrin-treated promastigotes. In addition, parasites undergoing apoptosis-like death were detected after 18 h of exposure. In silico ADMET predictions revealed that tryptanthrin has pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties similar to miltefosine. The results presented herein demonstrate that tryptanthrin is an interesting drug candidate against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza R. Garcia
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Yasmin P. G. Silva-Luiz
- Graduate Program in Science (Microbiology), Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Celuta S. Alviano
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.S.A.); dani (D.S.A.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Daniela S. Alviano
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.S.A.); dani (D.S.A.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Alane B. Vermelho
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.S.A.); dani (D.S.A.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Igor A. Rodrigues
- Department of Natural Products and Food, School of Pharmacy, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Varzandeh M, Mohammadinejad R, Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani K, Dehshahri A, Zarrabi A, Aghaei-Afshar A. Photodynamic therapy for leishmaniasis: Recent advances and future trends. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102609. [PMID: 34728420 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis has infected more than 12 million people worldwide. This neglected tropical disease, causing 20,000-30,000 deaths per year, is a global health problem. The emergence of resistant parasites and serious side effects of conventional therapies has led to the search for less toxic and non-invasive alternative treatments. Photodynamic therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to produce reactive oxygen species for the treatment of leishmaniasis. In this regard, natural and synthetic photosensitizers such as curcumin, hypericin, 5-aminolevulinic acid, phthalocyanines, phenothiazines, porphyrins, chlorins and nanoparticles have been applied. In this review, the recent advances on using photodynamic therapy for treating Leishmania species have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Varzandeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R.Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34485 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abbas Aghaei-Afshar
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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