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Kerro Dego O, Vidlund J. Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1356259. [PMID: 38863450 PMCID: PMC11165426 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle. Even though different infectious microorganisms and mechanical injury can cause mastitis, bacteria are the most common cause of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci, streptococci, and coliforms are the most frequently diagnosed etiological agents of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci that cause mastitis are broadly divided into Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS). NAS is mainly comprised of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) and some coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable staphylococci. Current staphylococcal mastitis control measures are ineffective, and dependence on antimicrobial drugs is not sustainable because of the low cure rate with antimicrobial treatment and the development of resistance. Non-antimicrobial effective and sustainable control tools are critically needed. This review describes the current status of S. aureus and NAS mastitis in dairy cows and flags areas of knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center-Little River Animal and Environmental Unit, University of Tennessee, Walland, TN, United States
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2
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Bennett AN, Woolard KJ, Sorge A, Melander C, Gunn JS. Spectrum of activity of Salmonella anti-biofilm compounds: Evaluation of activity against biofilm-forming ESKAPE pathogens. Biofilm 2023; 6:100158. [PMID: 37790732 PMCID: PMC10542598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ESKAPE pathogens are a group of bacteria that are a leading cause of health-care associated infections and are known to be agents of chronic, biofilm-mediated infections. These chronic bacterial infections often respond poorly to antibiotics and in some cases may require surgical intervention in order to cure the infection. As biofilms are often the critical mediator of a chronic infection, it is essential to develop therapies that target bacteria within the biofilm state. Herein, we report the development of a rapid, 96-well plate-based assay that employs conditions specific for each species to optimize biofilm production and allow for easy identification of differences in biofilm mass after treatment with anti-biofilm candidates. We used these ESKAPE-specific biofilm assays to test our previously identified Salmonella anti-biofilm small molecule compounds, JG-1 and M4, for anti-biofilm activity. The results demonstrated that JG-1 and M4 have anti-biofilm activity against Enterobacter spp., S. aureus, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii. In addition, we identified that M4 has significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. faecium at concentrations >10 μM (X μg/mL). These findings support the claim that JG-1 and M4 have broad-spectrum anti-biofilm activity, while M4 has antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive members of the ESKAPE pathogens. Thus, these compounds have the potential to have a significant impact on treating multiple types of commonly encountered biofilm-mediated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah N. Bennett
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katherine J. Woolard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Amy Sorge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John S. Gunn
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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Cheng Y, Han J, Song M, Zhang S, Cao Q. Serine peptidase Vpr forms enzymatically active fibrils outside Bacillus bacteria revealed by cryo-EM. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7503. [PMID: 37980359 PMCID: PMC10657474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria develop a variety of extracellular fibrous structures crucial for their survival, such as flagella and pili. In this study, we use cryo-EM to identify protein fibrils surrounding lab-cultured Bacillus amyloiquefaciens and discover an unreported fibril species in addition to the flagellar fibrils. These previously unknown fibrils are composed of Vpr, an extracellular serine peptidase. We find that Vpr assembles into fibrils in an enzymatically active form, potentially representing a strategy of enriching Vpr activities around bacterial cells. Vpr fibrils are also observed under other culture conditions and around other Bacillus bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, which may suggest a general mechanism across all Bacillus bacterial groups. Taken together, our study reveals fibrils outside the bacterial cell and sheds light on the physiological role of these extracellular fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Cheng
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jianting Han
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Meinai Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qin Cao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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4
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Bleem A, Prosswimmer T, Chen R, Hady TF, Li J, Bryers JD, Daggett V. Designed α-sheet peptides disrupt uropathogenic E. coli biofilms rendering bacteria susceptible to antibiotics and immune cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9272. [PMID: 37286572 PMCID: PMC10247742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli account for the largest proportion of nosocomial infections in the United States. Nosocomial infections are a major source of increased costs and treatment complications. Many infections are biofilm associated, rendering antibiotic treatments ineffective or cause additional complications (e.g., microbiome depletion). This work presents a potentially complementary non-antibiotic strategy to fight nosocomial infections by inhibiting the formation of amyloid fibrils, a proteinaceous structural reinforcement known as curli in E. coli biofilms. Despite extensive characterization of the fibrils themselves and their associated secretion system, mechanistic details of curli assembly in vivo remain unclear. We hypothesized that, like other amyloid fibrils, curli polymerization involves a unique secondary structure termed "α-sheet". Biophysical studies herein confirmed the presence of α-sheet structure in prefibrillar species of CsgA, the major component of curli, as it aggregated. Binding of synthetic α-sheet peptides to the soluble α-sheet prefibrillar species inhibited CsgA aggregation in vitro and suppressed amyloid fibril formation in biofilms. Application of synthetic α-sheet peptides also enhanced antibiotic susceptibility and dispersed biofilm-resident bacteria for improved uptake by phagocytic cells. The ability of synthetic α-sheet peptides to reduce biofilm formation, improve antibiotic susceptibility, and enhance clearance by macrophages has broad implications for combating biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Bleem
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tatum Prosswimmer
- Molecular Engineering Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ruying Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Surgery and Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thomas F Hady
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jinzheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - James D Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Surgery and Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Valerie Daggett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Molecular Engineering Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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5
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Indig RY, Landau M. Designed inhibitors to reduce amyloid virulence and cytotoxicity and combat neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102318. [PMID: 37196450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The review highlights the role of amyloids in various diseases and the challenges associated with targeting human amyloids in therapeutic development. However, due to the better understanding of microbial amyloids' role as virulence factors, there is a growing interest in repurposing and designing anti-amyloid compounds for antivirulence therapy. The identification of amyloid inhibitors has not only significant clinical implications but also provides valuable insights into the structure and function of amyloids. The review showcases small molecules and peptides that specifically target amyloids in both humans and microbes, reducing cytotoxicity and biofilm formation, respectively. The review emphasizes the importance of further research on amyloid structures, mechanisms, and interactions across all life forms to yield new drug targets and improve the design of selective treatments. Overall, the review highlights the potential for amyloid inhibitors in therapeutic development for both human diseases and microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Yona Indig
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Rathi B, Gupta S, Kumar P, Kesarwani V, Dhanda RS, Kushwaha SK, Yadav M. Anti-biofilm activity of caffeine against uropathogenic E. coli is mediated by curli biogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18903. [PMID: 36344808 PMCID: PMC9640630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are assemblages of sessile microorganisms that form an extracellular matrix around themselves and mediate attachment to surfaces. The major component of the extracellular matrix of Uropathogenic E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae are curli fibers, making biofilms robust and resistant to antimicrobials. It is therefore imperative to screen antibiofilm compounds that can impair biofilm formation. In the present study, we investigated the curli-dependent antibiofilm activity of caffeine against UPEC strain CFT073 and commensal strain E. coli K-12MG1655.Caffeine significantly reduced the biofilm formation of both UPEC and E. coli K-12 by 86.58% and 91.80% respectively at 48 mM caffeine as determined by Crystal Violet assay. These results were further confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Caffeine significantly reduced the cytotoxicity and survivability of UPEC. Molecular docking analysis revealed a strong interaction between caffeine and curli regulator protein (Csg D) of E. coli. The qRT-PCR data also showed significant downregulation in the expression of CsgBA and the CsgDEFG operon at both 24 mM and 48 mM caffeine. The findings revealed that caffeine could inhibit E. coli biofilm formation by regulating curli assembly and thus may be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic E. coli biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Rathi
- grid.8195.50000 0001 2109 4999Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- grid.8195.50000 0001 2109 4999Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | | | | | - Sandeep Kumar Kushwaha
- grid.508105.90000 0004 1798 2821DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- grid.8195.50000 0001 2109 4999Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007 India ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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7
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Das T. Editorial for Special Issue “Antibacterial Resistance and Novel Strategies to Eradicate Bacterial Biofilms”. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091184. [PMID: 36139963 PMCID: PMC9495140 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theerthankar Das
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Yarmola E, Ishkov IP, di Cologna NM, Menashe M, Whitener RL, Long JR, Abranches J, Hagen SJ, Brady LJ. Amyloid Aggregates Are Localized to the Nonadherent Detached Fraction of Aging Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0166122. [PMID: 35950854 PMCID: PMC9431626 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01661-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of bacterial species recognized to utilize purposeful amyloid aggregation within biofilms continues to grow. The oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans produces several amyloidogenic proteins, including adhesins P1 (also known as AgI/II, PAc) and WapA, whose truncation products, namely, AgII and AgA, respectively, represent the amyloidogenic moieties. Amyloids demonstrate common biophysical properties, including recognition by Thioflavin T (ThT) and Congo red (CR) dyes that bind to the cross β-sheet quaternary structure of amyloid aggregates. Previously, we observed amyloid formation to occur only after 60 h or more of S. mutans biofilm growth. Here, we extend those findings to investigate where amyloid is detected within 1- and 5-day-old biofilms, including within tightly adherent compared with those in nonadherent fractions. CR birefringence and ThT uptake demonstrated amyloid within nonadherent material removed from 5-day-old cultures but not within 1-day-old or adherent samples. These experiments were done in conjunction with confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence staining with AgII- and AgA-reactive antibodies, including monoclonal reagents shown to discriminate between monomeric protein and amyloid aggregates. These results also localized amyloid primarily to the nonadherent fraction of biofilms. Lastly, we show that the C-terminal region of P1 loses adhesive function following amyloidogenesis and is no longer able to competitively inhibit binding of S. mutans to its physiologic substrate, salivary agglutinin. Taken together, our results provide new evidence that amyloid aggregation negatively impacts the functional activity of a widely studied S. mutans adhesin and are consistent with a model in which amyloidogenesis of adhesive proteins facilitates the detachment of aging biofilms. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus mutans is a keystone pathogen and causative agent of human dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, the most prevalent infectious disease in the world. Like many pathogens, S. mutans causes disease in biofilms, which for dental decay begins with bacterial attachment to the salivary pellicle coating the tooth surface. Some strains of S. mutans are also associated with bacterial endocarditis. Amyloid aggregation was initially thought to represent only a consequence of protein mal-folding, but now, many microorganisms are known to produce functional amyloids with biofilm environments. In this study, we learned that amyloid formation diminishes the activity of a known S. mutans adhesin and that amyloid is found within the nonadherent fraction of older biofilms. This finding suggests that the transition from adhesin monomer to amyloid facilitates biofilm detachment. Knowing where and when S. mutans produces amyloid will help in developing therapeutic strategies to control tooth decay and other biofilm-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yarmola
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ivan P. Ishkov
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Megan Menashe
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert L. Whitener
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joanna R. Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Stephen J. Hagen
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - L. Jeannine Brady
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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9
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Seira Curto J, Surroca Lopez A, Casals Sanchez M, Tic I, Fernandez Gallegos MR, Sanchez de Groot N. Microbiome Impact on Amyloidogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:926702. [PMID: 35782871 PMCID: PMC9245625 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.926702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our life is closely linked to microorganisms, either through a parasitic or symbiotic relationship. The microbiome contains more than 1,000 different bacterial species and outnumbers human genes by 150 times. Worryingly, during the last 10 years, it has been observed a relationship between alterations in microbiota and neurodegeneration. Several publications support the hypothesis that amyloid structures formed by microorganisms may trigger host proteins aggregation. In this review, we collect pieces of evidence supporting that the crosstalk between human and microbiota amyloid proteins could be feasible and, probably, a more common event than expected before. The combination of their outnumbers, the long periods of time that stay in our bodies, and the widespread presence of amyloid proteins in the bacteria Domain outline a worrying scenario. However, the identification of the exact microorganisms and the mechanisms through with they can influence human disease also opens the door to developing a new and diverse set of therapeutic strategies.
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10
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Small molecules as next generation biofilm inhibitors and anti-infective agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biofilms are consortia of microbes attached to surfaces that could be biotic or abiotic in nature. The bacterial cells are enclosed within a microbial synthesized extrapolymeric substances (EPS). The presence of a thick EPS matrix around the cells, protects it from antimicrobials. As the biofilms are difficult to be eradicated in the tissues and implants, the infections due to biofilms are chronic, persistent as well as recurrent in nature. Biofilm formation in multidrug resistant pathogens is a major public health concern. In this review, we have discussed traditional drug discovery approaches and high throughput screening assays involved in the discovery of small molecules for their application as biofilm inhibitory agents. The small molecules target different phases of biofilm growth in pathogenic bacteria. Here, we have focused on three specific application of small molecules, as anti-adhesion agents that prevent adherence and attachment of cells to surfaces; signal inhibitors that disrupt communication between cells resulting in hampered biofilm growth and development; and finally as agents that induce release of cells from mature biofilms. Some of the biofilm inhibitors have also potentiated the antibiotic efficacy leading to complete eradication of biofilms. It is highly pertinent now to focus on developing these as therapeutics and anti-biofilm agents for coating medical implants and devices in clinical settings.
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11
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Neumann N, Honke M, Povydysh M, Guenther S, Schulze C. Evaluating Tannins and Flavonoids from Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants with Biofilm Inhibitory Effects against MRGN E. coli. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072284. [PMID: 35408683 PMCID: PMC9000218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for alternative treatment options for infections with multi-resistant germs, traditionally used medicinal plants are currently being examined more intensively. In this study, the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of 14 herbal drugs were investigated. Nine of the tested drugs were traditionally used in Europe for treatment of local infections. For comparison, another five drugs monographed in the European Pharmacopoeia were used. Additionally, the total tannin and flavonoid contents of all tested drugs were analyzed. HPLC fingerprints were recorded to obtain further insights into the components of the extracts. The aim of the study was to identify herbal drugs that might be useable for treatment of infectious diseases, even with multidrug resistant E. coli, and to correlate the antimicrobial activity with the total content of tannins and flavonoids. The agar diffusion test and anti-biofilm assay were used to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different extracts from the plants. Colorimetric methods (from European Pharmacopeia) were used for determination of total tannins and flavonoids. The direct antimicrobial activity of most of the tested extracts was low to moderate. The anti-biofilm activity was found to be down to 10 µg mL−1 for some extracts. Tannin contents between 2.2% and 10.4% of dry weight and total flavonoid contents between 0.1% and 1.6% were found. Correlation analysis indicates that the antimicrobial and the anti-biofilm activity is significantly (p < 0.05) dependent on tannin content, but not on flavonoid content. The data analysis revealed that tannin-rich herbal drugs inhibit pathogens in different ways. Thus, some of the tested herbal drugs might be useable for local infections with multi-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens. For some of the tested drugs, this is the first report about anti-biofilm activity, as well as total tannin and flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Neumann
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Miriam Honke
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Povydysh
- Saint Petersburg Stat Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy, St. Prof. Popova, 14, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Christian Schulze
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-383-4420-4833
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12
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Nadar S, Khan T, Patching SG, Omri A. Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020303. [PMID: 35208758 PMCID: PMC8879831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in the environment can form biofilms. These include pathogenic bacteria that can serve as a reservoir for persistent infections, and are culpable for leading to a broad spectrum of chronic illnesses and emergence of antibiotic resistance making them difficult to be treated. The absence of biofilm-targeting antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline indicates an unmet opportunity for designing new biofilm inhibitors as antimicrobial agents using various strategies and targeting distinct stages of biofilm formation. The strategies available to control biofilm formation include targeting the enzymes and proteins specific to the microorganism and those involved in the adhesion pathways leading to formation of resistant biofilms. This review primarily focuses on the recent strategies and advances responsible for identifying a myriad of antibiofilm agents and their mechanism of biofilm inhibition, including extracellular polymeric substance synthesis inhibitors, adhesion inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibitors, efflux pump inhibitors, and cyclic diguanylate inhibitors. Furthermore, we present the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of these agents, including recently discovered biofilm inhibitors, nature-derived bioactive scaffolds, synthetic small molecules, antimicrobial peptides, bioactive compounds isolated from fungi, non-proteinogenic amino acids and antibiotics. We hope to fuel interest and focus research efforts on the development of agents targeting the uniquely complex, physical and chemical heterogeneous biofilms through a multipronged approach and combinatorial therapeutics for a more effective control and management of biofilms across diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahaya Nadar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Mumbai 400056, India;
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India;
| | - Simon G. Patching
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: or (S.G.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: or (S.G.P.); (A.O.)
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13
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Kubiak K, Gaffke L, Pierzynowska K, Cyske Z, Grabowski Ł, Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Jaroszewicz W, Węgrzyn A, Węgrzyn G. Determination of Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Bacterial Amyloids on Antibiotic Resistance. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2538:189-205. [PMID: 35951301 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2529-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial functional amyloids, apart from their many other functions, can influence the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and other antibacterial agents. Mechanisms of modulation of susceptibility of bacterial cells to antimicrobials can be either indirect or direct. The former mechanisms are exemplified by the contribution of functional amyloids to biofilm formation, which may effectively prevent the penetration of various compounds into bacterial cells. The direct mechanisms include the effects of bacterial proteins revealing amyloid-like structures, like the C-terminal region of the Escherichia coli Hfq protein, on the expression of genes involved in antibiotic resistance. Therefore, in this paper, we describe methods by which effects and mechanisms of action of bacterial amyloids on antibiotic resistance can be studied. Assessment of formation of biofilms, determination of the efficiency of antibiotic resistance in solid and liquid media, and determination of the effects on gene expression at levels of mRNA abundance and stability and protein abundance are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kubiak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Zuzanna Cyske
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Is It Possible to Create Antimicrobial Peptides Based on the Amyloidogenic Sequence of Ribosomal S1 Protein of P. aeruginosa? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189776. [PMID: 34575940 PMCID: PMC8469417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and testing of new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an important milestone toward the development of new antimicrobial drugs that can inhibit the growth of pathogens and multidrug-resistant microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-negative bacteria. Most AMPs achieve these goals through mechanisms that disrupt the normal permeability of the cell membrane, which ultimately leads to the death of the pathogenic cell. Here, we developed a unique combination of a membrane penetrating peptide and peptides prone to amyloidogenesis to create hybrid peptide: "cell penetrating peptide + linker + amyloidogenic peptide". We evaluated the antimicrobial effects of two peptides that were developed from sequences with different propensities for amyloid formation. Among the two hybrid peptides, one was found with antibacterial activity comparable to antibiotic gentamicin sulfate. Our peptides showed no toxicity to eukaryotic cells. In addition, we evaluated the effect on the antimicrobial properties of amino acid substitutions in the non-amyloidogenic region of peptides. We compared the results with data on the predicted secondary structure, hydrophobicity, and antimicrobial properties of the original and modified peptides. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the promise of hybrid peptides based on amyloidogenic regions of the ribosomal S1 protein for the development of new antimicrobial drugs against P. aeruginosa.
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