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Boukli-Hacene F, Djouadi LN, Raddaoui A, Hachem Y, Boumerdassi H, Achour W, Nateche F. Sheep and goats as reservoirs of colistin-resistant E. coli: first detection of ETEC ST10 and E. coli ST6396 mcr-1 positive strains in North Africa. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae227. [PMID: 39223099 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to screen and characterize colistin-resistant strains isolated from different livestock species in Algeria, including sheep, goats, and dromedaries. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 197 rectal and nasal swabs were screened for colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Twenty one isolates were selected, identified, and their antibiotic resistance was phenotypically and genotypically characterized. The majority (15/21) were affiliated to Escherichia coli, from which 4 strains isolated from sheep (n = 2) and goats (n = 2) and belonging to phylogroup A and ST10 and ST6396 lineages, respectively, carried the mcr-1 gene. The remaining isolates were identified as belonging to the following genera: Raoultella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. CONCLUSION This study highlights the presence of virulent and multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli in farm animals, increasing the risk of transmitting potentially fatal infections to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fella Boukli-Hacene
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Lydia Neïla Djouadi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Anis Raddaoui
- Laboratory ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis LR18ES39, University of Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousra Hachem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Hanane Boumerdassi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Wafa Achour
- Laboratory ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis LR18ES39, University of Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Farida Nateche
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
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Mandujano-Hernández A, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Paz-González AD, Herrera-Mayorga V, Sánchez-Sánchez M, Lara-Ramírez EE, Vázquez K, de Jesús de Luna-Santillana E, Bocanegra-García V, Rivera G. The Global Rise of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in the Livestock Sector: A Five-Year Overview. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2490. [PMID: 39272275 PMCID: PMC11394230 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics are a key element in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the excessive use of these antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of β-lactam-resistant enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli. One of the main challenges facing the public health sector is antibacterial resistance (ABR), mainly due to limited options in its pharmacological treatment. Currently, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) present an alarming situation, as there is an increase in morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and increased costs for sanitary supplies, which involve not only humans but also the environment and animals, especially animals destined for food production. This review presents an analysis of the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and its distribution in different animal sources throughout the world, providing an understanding of the association with resistance and virulence genes, as well as perceiving the population structure of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alma D Paz-González
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Verónica Herrera-Mayorga
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Mante 89840, Mexico
| | - Mario Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Edgar E Lara-Ramírez
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Karina Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina y Veterinaria Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gildardo Rivera
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
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3
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Crawford PE, Hamer K, Lovatt F, Behnke MC, Robinson PA. Antibiotic use in the Northern Irish sheep flock: What lessons can be learnt from medicine records and farmer attitudes to improve stewardship of these essential medicines? Prev Vet Med 2024; 226:106169. [PMID: 38493571 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Stewardship of antibiotics used in livestock production has come under increasing scrutiny, from both the animal welfare point of view and due to concerns that antibiotic use in livestock may pose a risk to human health through selection pressure to drive development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. Despite this concern, however, antibiotic consumption in the sheep sector is currently poorly described. This study determines the range and quantities of antibiotics used in the Northern Irish (NI) sheep flock as well as exploring drivers for their use. A mixed-methods approach was utilised, with an anonymous online scoping survey, analysis of the medicine records from 52 NI sheep farms and semi-structured interviews undertaken with 27 farmers. Eighteen farmers contributed both records and participated in interviews. Veterinary medicine records were derived from two sources: on-farm medicine books (seven) or veterinary practice sales data (51). As six of these farmers provided information from both sources a total of 52 unique farms participated. Overall, antibiotic use in sheep on the 52 farms sampled was low, with a median value of 11.35 mgPCU-1 (mean 13.63 mgPCU-1, sd 10.7; range 0-45.29 mgPCU-1), with all farms below 50 mgkg-1. Critically important antibiotics accounted for 0.21% of all antibiotics purchased. Lameness was the main driver of antibiotic use identified by this study. Others included a range of prophylactic treatments such as oral antibiotics to prevent watery mouth, injectable antibiotics to prevent abortion and following assisted lambing. Farmers acknowledged some of these uses had become habitual over time. The veterinary medicine sales records demonstrated significant sales of antibiotics not authorised for use in sheep, on an ongoing, rather than case-by-case, basis. Farmers were positive about their veterinarian's ability and knowledge to improve flock welfare and productivity, but were unwilling to pay for this advice. However, veterinarians may have facilitated weak medicine stewardship through a failure to adequately challenge farmers seeking antibiotics. Farmers did not maintain accurate or up-to-date on farm medicine or production records in the majority of cases. Despite this lack of on-farm recording, veterinary sales records can be studied in consultation with farmers to provide veterinarians with a farm-specific insight into antibiotic use and related attitudes and behaviours. Farmers and veterinarians can then identify areas and behaviours to target collaboratively, improving antibiotic and wider medicine stewardship, whilst simultaneously improving flock health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Crawford
- Department of Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom.
| | - Kim Hamer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Lovatt
- School of Veterinary Science, Sutton Bonnington Campus, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Flock Health Ltd, Egglesburn Farm Co, Eggleston, Barnard Castle, Durham DL12 0BD, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata C Behnke
- Department of Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Robinson
- Department of Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom; Harper & Keele Veterinary School, Harper Adams University Campus, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom; Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
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Silva A, Silva V, Pereira JE, Maltez L, Igrejas G, Valentão P, Falco V, Poeta P. Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Escherichia coli from Food-Producing Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1061. [PMID: 37370379 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli are one of the most important pathogenic bacteria readily found in the livestock and widely studied as an indicator that carries drug-resistant genes between humans, animals, and the environment. The use of antimicrobials in the food chain, particularly in food-producing animals, is recognized as a significant contributor to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and resistance genes can be transferred from the farm through the food-chain. The objective of this review is to highlight the background of the antimicrobials use in food-producing animals, more specifically, to study clonal lineages and the resistance profiles observed in E. coli, as well as in extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli, in a set of food-production animals with greater relevance in food consumption, such as pigs, poultry, cattle, fish farming and rabbits. Regarding the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli among farm animals, high-to-moderate prevalence was observed, and the highest resistance rates to tetracycline and ampicillin was detected in different farms in all geographic regions. Worldwide pandemic clones and high-risk zoonotic E. coli clones have been identified in most food-producing animals, and some of these clones are already disseminated in different niches, such as the environment and humans. A better understanding of the epidemiology of E. coli and ESBL-producing E. coli in livestock is urgently needed. Animal production is one of the major causes of the antibiotic resistance problem worldwide and a One Health approach is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Maltez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgílio Falco
- Chemistry Research Centre (CQ-VR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Zhao X, Zhao H, Zhou Z, Miao Y, Li R, Yang B, Cao C, Xiao S, Wang X, Liu H, Wang J, Yang Z. Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates That Cause Diarrhea in Sheep in Northwest China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0159522. [PMID: 35943154 PMCID: PMC9431196 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01595-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is one the greatest threats faced by mankind. Among animals, chickens, pigs, and cattle are reservoirs of these pathogens worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a knowledge gap on ESBL-producing E. coli from small ruminants (i.e., sheep and goats) in China. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the resistance profiles, resistomes, and sequence features of 67 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from sheep in northwest China. The findings showed that blaCTX-M and blaTEM were the most prevalent. Interestingly, we found that the resistance gene mcr-1 was widespread in sheep merely from Shaanxi areas, accounting for 19.2% (5/26). The highly prevalent serotypes and FumC-FimH (CH) typing isolates were O8 and C4H32, respectively. High-risk E. coli clones, such as sequence type 10 (ST10), ST23, ST44, and ST58, were also found in China's sheep population. A total of 67 ESBL-producing isolates were divided into five phylogenetic groups, namely, B1 (n = 47, 70.1%), B2 (n = 1, 1.5%), C (n = 14, 20.9%), E (n = 1, 1.5%), and F (n = 1, 1.5%), with the phylogenetic groups for 3 isolates (4.5%) remaining unknown. Moreover, ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were also characterized by the abundance and diversity of biocide/metal resistance genes and insert sequences. We found that in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, there were two different types of isolates, those containing ESBL genes or not, which led to large discrepancies between resistance phenotypes and resistomes. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive overview of resistance profiles and genome sequence features in ESBL-producing E. coli and highlights the possible role of sheep as antibiotic resistance gene disseminators into humans. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially the simultaneous resistance to several antibiotics (multidrug resistance [MDR]), is one of the greatest threats to global public health in the 21st century. Among animals, chickens, pigs, and cattle are reservoirs of these pathogens worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a knowledge gap on ESBL-producing E. coli from small ruminants in China. This study is the largest and most comprehensive analysis of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from sheep, including antibiotic resistance profiles, phylogenetic groups, serotypes, multilocus sequence types (MLST), insert sequences (IS), antibiotic resistance genes, disinfectant resistance genes, and heavy metal resistance genes. We recommend extending the surveillance of AMR of sheep-origin E. coli to prevent future public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zilian Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongqiang Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyang Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Torres RT, Cunha MV, Ferreira H, Fonseca C, Palmeira JD. A high-risk carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone detected in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Portugal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154699. [PMID: 35318052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous bacterium, successfully exploiting a variety of environmental niches due to its remarkable metabolic versatility. The World Health Organization classifies P. aeruginosa as a "priority pathogen" due to its a great ability to overcome the action of antimicrobials, including carbapenems. Hitherto, most studies have focused on clinical settings from humans, but much less on animal and environmental settings, particularly on wildlife. In this work, we report the isolation of a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain recovered from the faeces of a red deer adult female sampled in a humanized area. This isolate was obtained during a nationwide survey on antimicrobial resistance in wildlife aimed to determine the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria among 181 widely distributed wild ungulates. This P. aeruginosa isolate was found to be a high-risk clone, belonging to the sequence type (ST) 274. The genomic analysis of P. aeruginosa isolate UP4, classified this isolate as belonging to serogroup O3, which was also found to harbour the genes blaPAO, blaPDC-24, blaOXA-486 (encoding resistance to beta-lactams), aph(3')-IIb (aminoglycosides resistance), fosA (fosfomycin resistance) and catB7 (chloramphenicol resistance). Antimicrobial susceptibility screening, according to EUCAST, showed resistance to imipenem and intermediate resistance to meropenem and doripenem. To our knowledge, this is the first description of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in deer in Europe. Our results highlight the importance of wild ungulates either as victims of human activity or amplifiers of AMR, either way with potential impacts on animal, human and ecosystem health, since excretion of AMR bacteria might directly or indirectly contaminate other animals and the surrounding environment, perpetuating the spill-over and chain dissemination of AMR determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tinoco Torres
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; ForestWISE - Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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