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Kenneth MJ, Koner S, Hsu GJ, Chen JS, Hsu BM. A review on the effects of discharging conventionally treated livestock waste to the environmental resistome. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122643. [PMID: 37775024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, animal production has developed rapidly as a consequence of the ongoing population growth, to support food security. This has consequently led to an extensive use of antibiotics to promote growth and prevent diseases in animals. However, most antibiotics are not fully metabolized by these animals, leading to their excretion within urine and faeces, thus making these wastes a major reservoir of antibiotics residues, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment. Farmers normally depend on conventional treatment methods to mitigate the environmental impact of animal waste; however, these methods are not fully efficient to remove the environmental resistome. The present study reviewed the variability of residual antibiotics, ARB, as well as ARGs in the conventionally treated waste and assessed how discharging it could increase resistome in the receiving environments. Wherein, considering the efficiency and environmental safety, an addition of pre-treatments steps with these conventional treatment methods could enhance the removal of antibiotic resistance agents from livestock waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutebi John Kenneth
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Suprokash Koner
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jong Hsu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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Smith BL, King MD. Sampling and Characterization of Bioaerosols in Poultry Houses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2068. [PMID: 37630628 PMCID: PMC10459659 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two poultry Confined Animal Feeding Units (CAFUs), "House A" and "House B", were selected from the TAMU poultry facility for the study, and samples were collected over a five-day period. Bioaerosol sampling was conducted using a Wetted Wall Cyclone (WWC) bioaerosol collector at the two CAFU houses, in which House A housed approximately 720 broiler chickens and roosters, while House B remained unoccupied and served as a reference. Both houses consisted of 24 pens arranged on either side of a central walkway. Bacterial content analysis was conducted using microbial plating, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis, while ambient temperature and relative humidity were also monitored. The concentrations of microorganisms in House A showed a highly dynamic range, ranging from 4000 to 60,000 colony forming units (CFU) per cubic meter of air. Second, the WWC samples contained approximately ten-fold more bacterial DNA than the filter samples, suggesting higher levels of viable cells captured by the WWC. Third, significant concentrations of pathogens, including Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Campylobacter, were detected in the poultry facility. Lastly, the WWC system demonstrated effective functionality and continuous operation, even in the challenging sampling environment of the CAFU. The goal of this study was to characterize the resident population of microorganisms (pathogenic and non-pathogenic) present in the CAFUs and to evaluate the WWC's performance in such an environment characterized by elevated temperature, high dust content, and feathers. This knowledge could then be used to improve understanding microorganism dynamics in CAFUs including the spread of bacterial infections between animals and from animals to humans that work in these facilities, as well as of the WWC performance in this type of environment (elevated temperature, high content of dust and feathers). A more comprehensive understanding can aid in improving the management of bacterial infections in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria D. King
- Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Biological & Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Benjamin I, Louis H, O. Ekpen F, Gber TE, Gideon ME, Ahmad I, Unimuke TO, P. Akanimo N, Patel H, Eko IJ, Simon O, Agwamba EC, Ejiofor EU. Modeling the anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Activity of (E)-6-chloro-N 2-phenyl-N 4-(4-Phenyl-5-(Phenyl Diazinyl)-2λ 3, 3 λ 2- Thiazol-2-yl)-1, 3, 5-Triazine-2,4- Diamine. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2160773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Benjamin
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Francis O. Ekpen
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Terkumbur E. Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Mathias E. Gideon
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Tomsmith O. Unimuke
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nyong P. Akanimo
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | | | - Ojima Simon
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ernest C. Agwamba
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel U. Ejiofor
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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