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Alotaibi B, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Saleh A, Alosaimi ME, Alotaibi KN, Negm WA. Antibacterial potential of Euphorbia canariensis against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:261-269. [PMID: 38696143 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2345891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The widespread dissemination of bacterial resistance has led to great attention being paid to finding substitutes for traditionally used antibiotics. Plants are rich in various phytochemicals that could be used as antibacterial therapies. Here, we elucidate the phytochemical profile of Euphorbia canariensis ethanol extract (EMEE) and then elucidate the antibacterial potential of ECEE against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. ECEE showed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL. The impact of ECEE on the biofilm-forming ability of the tested isolates was elucidated using crystal violet assay and qRT-PCR to study its effect on the gene expression level. ECEE exhibited antibiofilm potential, which resulted in a downregulation of the expression of the biofilm genes (algD, pelF, and pslD) in 39.13% of the tested isolates. The antibacterial potential of ECEE was studied in vivo using a lung infection model in mice. A remarkable improvement was observed in the ECEE-treated group, as revealed by the histological and immunohistochemical studies. Also, ELISA showed a noticeable decrease in the oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide and malondialdehyde). The gene expression of the proinflammatory marker (interleukin-6) was downregulated, while the anti-inflammatory biomarker was upregulated (interleukin-10). Thus, clinical trials should be performed soon to explore the potential antibacterial activity of ECEE, which could help in our battle against resistant pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta
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Alotaibi B, El-Masry TA, Negm WA, Saleh A, Alotaibi KN, Alosaimi ME, Elekhnawy E. In Vivo and in Vitro Mitigation of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates by Fortunella Japonica Fruit Extract. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:262. [PMID: 38981879 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The vast dissemination of resistance to different antibiotics among bacterial pathogens, especially foodborne pathogens, has drawn major research attention. Thus, many attempts have been made to reveal novel alternatives to the current antibiotics. Due to their variable pharmacologically active phytochemicals, plants represent a good solution for this issue. This study investigated the antibacterial potential of Kumquat or Fortunella japonica methanol extract (FJME) against Salmonella typhimurium clinical isolates. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) characterized 39 compounds in FJME. Palmitic acid (15.386%) and cis-vaccenic acid (15.012%) are the major active constituents detected by GC/MS. Remarkably, FJME had minimum inhibitory concentrations from 128 to 512 µg/mL in vitro. In addition, a systemic infection model revealed the in vivo antibacterial action of FJME. The antibacterial therapeutic activity of FJME was noticed by improving the histological features of the liver and spleen. Moreover, there was a perceptible lessening (p < 0.05) of the levels of the oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide and malondialdehyde) using ELISA. In addition, the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin 6) was downregulated. On the other hand, there was an upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 10). Accordingly, future clinical investigations should be done to reveal the potential antibacterial action of FJME on other food pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Patra S, Biswas P, Karmakar S, Biswas K. Repression of resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: implications of the combination of antibiotics and phytoconstituents. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:294. [PMID: 38850339 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a prevalent problem witnessed globally and creating an alarming situation for the treatment of infections caused by resistant pathogens. Available armaments such as antibiotics often fail to exhibit the intended action against resistant pathogens, leading to failure in the treatments that are causing mortality. New antibiotics or a new treatment approach is necessary to combat this situation. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic drug resistant pathogen and is the sixth most common cause of nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa due to its genome organization and other factors are exhibiting resistance against drugs. Bacterial biofilm formation, low permeability of outer membrane, the production of the beta-lactamase, and the production of several efflux systems limits the antibacterial potential of several classes of antibiotics. Combination of phytoconstituents with antibiotics is a promising strategy to combat multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa. Phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, polypeptides, phenolics, and essential oils are well known antibacterial agents. In this review, the activity of combination of the phytoconstituents and antibiotics, and their corresponding mechanism of action was discussed elaborately. The combination of antibiotics and plant-derived compounds exhibited better efficacy compared to antibiotics alone against the antibiotic resistance P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Patra
- Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Barbaria, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Poulomi Biswas
- Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Barbaria, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Barbaria, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
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Alqahtani J, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, Hussein IA, Hassan HS, Alanzi AR, Moglad E, Ahmed R, Ibrahim S, El-Sherbeni SA. Potential Surviving Effect of Cleome droserifolia Extract against Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Investigation of the Chemical Content of the Plant. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:450. [PMID: 38786178 PMCID: PMC11118852 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing rates of morbidity and mortality owing to bacterial infections, particularly Staphylococcus aureus have necessitated finding solutions to face this issue. Thus, we elucidated the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial potential of Cleome droserifolia extract (CDE). Using LC-ESI-MS/MS, the main phytoconstituents of CDE were explored, which were kaempferol-3,7-O-bis-alpha-L-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin, cyanidin-3-glucoside, kaempferide, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, caffeic acid, isoquercitrin, quinic acid, isocitrate, mannitol, apigenin, acacetin, and naringenin. The CDE exerted an antibacterial action on S. aureus isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL. Also, CDE exhibited antibiofilm action using a crystal violet assay. A scanning electron microscope was employed to illuminate the effect of CDE on biofilm formation, and it considerably diminished S. aureus cell number in the biofilm. Moreover, qRT-PCR was performed to study the effect of CDE on biofilm gene expression (cna, fnbA, and icaA). The CDE revealed a downregulating effect on the studied biofilm genes in 43.48% of S. aureus isolates. Regarding the in vivo model, CDE significantly decreased the S. aureus burden in the liver and spleen of CDE-treated mice. Also, it significantly improved the mice's survival and substantially decreased the inflammatory markers (interleukin one beta and interleukin six) in the studied tissues. Furthermore, CDE has improved the histology and tumor necrosis factor alpha immunohistochemistry in the liver and spleen of the CDE-treated group. Thus, CDE could be considered a promising candidate for future antimicrobial drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (W.A.N.); (S.A.E.-S.)
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ismail A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | | | - Abdullah R. Alanzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rehab Ahmed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Suzy A. El-Sherbeni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (W.A.N.); (S.A.E.-S.)
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Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, Mahgoub S, Ibrahim HA, Ibrahim Elberri A, Abo Mansour HE, Mosalam EM, Moglad E, Alzahraa Mokhtar F. Dioon rzedowskii: An antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer plant extract with multi-faceted effects on cell growth and molecular signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111957. [PMID: 38554441 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial properties of Dioon rzedowskii extract, which had not been previously explored. We aimed to determine the extract's effect on liver and breast cancer cell lines and on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) mouse model to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Three female albino mice groups were established: a tumor control group, a group treated with 100 mg/kg of the extract (D100), and a group treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract (D200) for 16 days after tumor development. Results showed that the D. rzedowskii extract inhibited cell growth in both MCF-7 and HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This was achieved by suppressing the cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. The extract also improved liver, heart, and kidney functions compared to the tumor control. Furthermore, oral administration of the extract reduced tumor volume and alleviated oxidative stress in tumor tissue. The anticancer effects were associated with overexpression of p53 and Bax and downregulation of cyclin D1 expression, which was attributed to decreased phosphorylated MAPK kinases. Additionally, D. rzedowskii exhibited antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae isolated from cancer patients. The extract inhibited bacterial growth and reduced the membrane integrity. The study suggests that D. rzedowskii has promising potential as an adjunctive therapy for cancer treatment. Further investigations are needed to explore its combined anticancer efficacy. These results emphasize the value of natural products in developing compounds with potential anticancer activity and support a paradigm shift in cancer management to improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Sebaey Mahgoub
- Food Analysis Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Aya Ibrahim Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Hend E Abo Mansour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin EL-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Esraa M Mosalam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin EL-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Sharkia, Egypt; Fujairah Research Centre, Sakamkam Road, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
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Cheng D, Tian R, Pan T, Yu Q, Wei L, Liyin J, Dai Y, Wang X, Tan R, Qu H, Lu M. High-performance lung-targeted bio-responsive platform for severe colistin-resistant bacterial pneumonia therapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:517-533. [PMID: 38404643 PMCID: PMC10885821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, this last resort has been threatened by the emergence of superbugs carrying the mobile colistin resistance gene-1 (mcr-1). Given the high concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) in bacterial pneumonia, limited plasma accumulation of colistin (CST) in the lung, and potential toxicity of ionic silver (Ag+), we designed a feasible clinical transformation platform, an MMP-3 high-performance lung-targeted bio-responsive delivery system, which we named "CST&Ag@CNMS". This system exhibited excellent lung-targeting ability (>80% in lungs), MMP-3 bio-responsive release property (95% release on demand), and synergistic bactericidal activity in vitro (2-4-fold minimum inhibitory concentration reduction). In the mcr-1+ CST-resistant murine pneumonia model, treatment with CST&Ag@CNMS improved survival rates (70% vs. 20%), reduced bacteria burden (2-3 log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g tissue), and considerably mitigated inflammatory response. In this study, CST&Ag@CNMS performed better than the combination of free CST and AgNO3. We also demonstrated the superior biosafety and biodegradability of CST&Ag@CNMS both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate the clinical translational potential of CST&Ag@CNMS for the treatment of lung infections caused by CST-resistant bacteria carrying mcr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decui Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiaozhi Liyin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunqi Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruoming Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Moglad E, Elekhnawy E, Negm WA, Mokhtar FA, Binsuwaidan R, Attallah NGM, Ahmed E, Magdeldin S, Al-Fakhrany OM. Evaluation of Tamarix nilotica Fractions in Combating Candida albicans Infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:241-251. [PMID: 37387417 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2232112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the antifungal properties of Tamarix nilotica fractions against Candida albicans clinical isolates. METHODS The in vitro antifungal potential was evaluated by agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The antibiofilm potential was assessed by crystal violet, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and qRT-PCR. The in vivo antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the burden in the lung tissues of infected mice, histopathological, immunohistochemical studies, and ELISA. RESULTS Both the dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 64-256 and 128-1024 μg/mL, respectively. SEM examination showed that the DCM fraction decreased the biofilm formation capacity of the treated isolates. A significant decline in biofilm gene expression was observed in 33.33% of the DCM-treated isolates. A considerable decline in the CFU/g lung count in infected mice was observed, and histopathological examinations revealed that the DCM fraction maintained the lung tissue architecture. Immunohistochemical investigations indicated that the DCM fraction significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NF-kB, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-1β) in the immunostained lung sections. The phytochemical profiling of DCM and EtOAc fractions was performed using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). CONCLUSION T. nilotica DCM fraction could be a significant source of natural products with antifungal activity against C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, Egypt
| | - Reem Binsuwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Goanar G, Tafesse G, Fereja WM. In vitro antibacterial activity of fruit pulp extracts of Tamarindus indica against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 38504277 PMCID: PMC10949702 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as public health concern worldwide as the rising incidence in multidrug resistance bacteria. This consequently enforces the need to find a new antimicrobial agent where plants have a potential source. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of fruit pulp extract of the Tamarindus indica against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). METHODS AND MATERIALS Maceration technique was employed for subsequent extraction of the sample using acetone and ethanol. Antibacterial activity of the plant extract was investigated based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-negative strain (K. pneumoniae (ATCC 700603)) and Gram-positive strain (S. aureus (ATCC 25923)) using agar disc-diffusion technique. RESULTS It was found that both acetone and ethanol extracts showed significant antibacterial activities, against both S. aureus and K. pneumoniae as compared to the negative control (P = 0.00), but no significantly different from the drug (P > 0.05). However, K. pneumoniae showed more sensitivity to the extracts than S. aureus with MIC value of 18.75 mg/mL and 9.38 mg/mL for both acetone and ethanol extracts against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae respectively. CONCLUSION This study suggested that the fruit pulp have antibacterial properties, which might validate their traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatluak Goanar
- Department of Biology, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Workineh Mengesha Fereja
- Department of Chemistry, and Energy and Environment Research Center, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
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Alqahtani J, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, Alqahtani MJ, Moglad E, Ibrahim S, El-Sherbeni SA. Outlining the Phytoconstituents of Greek Clover Herb Extract and Assessment of Its Effect against Foodborne Infections Caused by Salmonella typhimurium. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:259. [PMID: 38399474 PMCID: PMC10892485 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the spread of resistance between pathogenic bacteria, searching for novel compounds with antibacterial activity is essential. Here, we investigated the potential antibacterial activity of Greek clover or Trigonella foenum-graecum herb extract on Salmonella typhimurium clinical isolates. The chemical profile of the herb was initially determined using LC-ESI-MS/MS, which explored 36 different compounds. Interestingly, the fenugreek extract possessed antibacterial action in vitro with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 64 to 512 µg/mL. The potential mechanism of action was studied by elucidating the effect of the fenugreek extract on the membrane properties of S. typhimurium bacteria, including the inner and outer membrane permeability and membrane integrity. Remarkably, the fenugreek extract had detrimental effects on the membrane properties in 40-60% of the isolates. Moreover, the in vivo antibacterial action was studied using a gastrointestinal infection model with S. typhimurium bacteria. Interestingly, the fenugreek extract (200 mg/kg) improved the infection outcomes in the tested mice. This was represented by the noteworthy decrease (p < 0.05) in the bacterial count in the small intestine and caecum tissues. The survival rate of the fenugreek-extract-treated mice significantly increased compared to the S. typhimurium-infected group. Additionally, there was an improvement in the histological and immunohistochemical features of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In addition, using an ELISA and qRT-PCR, there was an improvement in the proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the fenugreek-extract-treated group. Consequently, fenugreek extract should be investigated further on other food pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (W.A.N.); (S.A.E.-S.)
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Moneerah J. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Suzy A. El-Sherbeni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (W.A.N.); (S.A.E.-S.)
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Abulaban AA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Alanazi A, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GES. Role of fenofibrate in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:113. [PMID: 38336772 PMCID: PMC10854163 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The underlying pathophysiology of MS is the destruction of myelin sheath by immune cells. The formation of myelin plaques, inflammation, and injury of neuronal myelin sheath characterizes its neuropathology. MS plaques are multiple focal regions of demyelination disseminated in the brain's white matter, spinal cords, deep grey matter, and cerebral cortex. Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferative activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) that attenuates the inflammatory reactions in MS. Fenofibrate inhibits differentiation of Th17 by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling. According to these findings, this review intended to illuminate the mechanistic immunoinflammatory role of fenofibrate in mitigating MS neuropathology. In conclusion, fenofibrate can attenuate MS neuropathology by modulating different pathways, including oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory-signaling pathways, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Abulaban
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Departments, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Asma Alanazi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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11
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Alotaibi B, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Saleh A, El-Bouseary MM, Alosaimi ME, Alotaibi KN, Abdelkader DH, Negm WA. Green synthetized Cu-Oxide Nanoparticles: Properties and applications for enhancing healing of wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123415. [PMID: 37714313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Treating wound infections is a challenging concern in various clinical settings in Egypt, especially in the increasing global problem of resistance to antimicrobials. Here, we aimed to fabricate CuO NPs via green synthesis using aqueous Yucca gigantea extract. Then, the effect of green synthesized CuO NPs on Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates has been studied in vivo and in vitro. The aqueous extract of Yucca gigantea has been employed in our study as a scale-up approach to safely, affordably, sustainably, and practically fabricate copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis spectroscopy were utilized in vitro to describe the bonding features of CuO NPs.Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to detect the morphological and elemental composition of the resulting CuO NPs. The fabrication of CuO NPs was confirmed by the IR spectral band at 515 cm-1, ensuring the metal-oxygen bondCu-O with two strong bands at 229 and 305 nm. SEM and TEM show CuO NPs with a size range from 30 to 50 nm. Cu and O comprised most of the particles produced through green synthesis, with weight percentages of 57.82 and 42.18 %, respectively. CuO NPs were observed to have a Zeta-potential value of -15.7 mV, demonstrating their great stability. CuO NPs revealed antibacterial potential toward the tested isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 128 to 512 µg/mL. CuO NPs had antibiofilm potential by crystal violet assay, downregulating the expression of icaA and icaD genes in 23.07 % and 19.32 of the S. aureus isolates. The wound-healing potential of CuO NPs was investigated in vivo. It significantly decreased the bacterial burden and increased wound healing percentage compared to the positive control group. Moreover, CuO NPs caused an upregulation of the genes encoding platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibronectin in tissue repair. Thus, we can use CuO NPs as a future source for wound healing materials, especially in infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maisra M El-Bouseary
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dalia H Abdelkader
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
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12
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Alherz FA, Negm WA, El-Masry TA, Elmorshedy KE, El-Kadem AH. The potential beneficial role of Ginkgetin in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity: Elucidating the underlying claim. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115010. [PMID: 37343436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for various tumors treatment; apart from its chemotherapeutic activity, the traditional usage of DOX has been limited by its adverse effects on multiple organs, mainly hepatotoxicity. The molecular mechanisms underlying DOX hepatotoxicity are mainly due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing oxidative stress, diminishing antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a therapy that minimizes DOX hepatotoxicity and widens its use in various types of cancers without fear of its serious hepatotoxicity. Ginkgetin (GINK), a natural biflavonoid, exhibits diverse actions, including promising free radical scavenging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. So, this study's objectives were to determine whether GINK could mitigate DOX's hepatotoxic effects and look into a putative hepatoprotective molecular pathway. Mice were divided into five groups: Normal control, control GINK 100, Untreated DOX group, and DOX groups treated with GINK (50 and 100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally daily for four days before DOX administration and an additional three days afterward. GINK 100 pretreatment showed marked protection from DOX hepatotoxicity and also attenuation of histopathological structural alterations. These outcomes were corroborated biochemically by a considerable decrease in alanine aminotransferases, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels. GINK significantly augmented silent information regulator 1 and nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 and repressed the expression and protein levels of forkhead box protein O1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and P53 relative to DOX group. GINK alleviated oxidative stress and induced significant anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of interleukin-6, nuclear factor Kabba B, and iNOS respectively. This study is the first to investigate GINK's potentially beneficial effects in acute DOX hepatotoxicity, possibly exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects by modulation of Sirt1/FOXO-1/NF-κB Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A Alherz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Kadreya E Elmorshedy
- Anatomy and Embryology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Aya H El-Kadem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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13
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Elekhnawy E, Almurshedi AS, Abdelkader DH, El-Masry TA, Aldosari BN, El-Bouseary MM, Donia AA, Negm WA. Green synthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles reveal potent in vivo and in vitro antibacterial efficacy against Proteus mirabilis isolates. Int J Pharm 2023:123111. [PMID: 37302668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the spread of antimicrobial resistance dissemination is expanding at an accelerated rate. Therefore, numerous researchers haveinvestigatedalternative treatments in an effort to combat this significant issue. This study evaluated the antibacterial properties of zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesised by Cycas circinalis against Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates. HPLC was utilised for the identification and quantification of C. circinalis metabolites. The green synthesis of ZnO NPs has been confirmed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of metal oxide bonds has been compared to the free C. circinalis extract spectrum. The crystalline structure and elemental composition were investigated using X-ray diffraction and Energy-dispersive X-ray techniques. The morphology of nanoparticles was assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, which revealed an average particle size of 26.83±5.87 nm with spherical outlines. The dynamic light scattering technique confirms the optimum stability of ZnO NPs with a zeta potential value equal to 26.4±0.49 mV. Using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods, we elucidated the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs in vitro. MIC values for ZnO NPs ranged from 32 to 128 µg/mL. In 50% of the tested isolates, the membrane integrity was compromised by ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, we assessed the in vivo antibacterial capacity of ZnO NPs by a systemic infection induction using P. mirabilis bacteria in mice. The bacterial count in the kidney tissues was determined, and a significant decrease in CFU/g tissues was observed. The survival rate was evaluated, and the ZnO NPs treated group had higher survival rates. The histopathological studies demonstrated that kidney tissues treated with ZnO NPs had normal structures and architecture. Moreover, the immunohistochemical examinations and ELISA revealed that ZnO NPs substantially decreased the proinflammatory mediators NF-kβ, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in kidney tissues. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that ZnO NPs are effective against bacterial infections caused by P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Alanood S Almurshedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dalia H Abdelkader
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Basmah N Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maisra M El-Bouseary
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Donia
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menofia University, Menofia City, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
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14
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Akshaya BS, Premraj K, Iswarya C, Muthusamy S, Ibrahim HIM, Khalil HE, Gunasekaran V, Vickram S, Senthil Kumar V, Palanisamy S, Thirugnanasambantham K. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and promotes clearance of its colonization by modulation of phagocytes in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023:106157. [PMID: 37268049 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nosocomial pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of variety of infections including endocarditis, urinary tract, and recurrent root canal infections. Primary virulence factors of E. faecalis such as biofilm formation, gelatinase production and suppression of host innate immune response can severely harm host tissue. Thus, novel treatments are needed to prevent E. faecalis biofilm development and pathogenicity due to the worrisome rise in enterococcal resistance to antibiotics. The primary phytochemical in cinnamon essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, has shown promising efficacy against a variety of infections. Here, we looked into how cinnamaldehyde affected the growth of biofilms, the activity of the enzyme gelatinase, and gene expression in E. faecalis. In addition, we looked at the influence of cinnamaldehyde on RAW264.7 macrophages' interaction with biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis in terms of intracellular bacterial clearance, NO generation, and macrophage migration in vitro. According to our research, cinnamaldehyde attenuated the biofilm formation potential of planktonic E. faecalis and gelatinase activity of the biofilm at non-lethal concentrations. The expression of the quorum sensing fsr locus and its downstream gene gelE in biofilms were also found to be significantly downregulated by cinnamaldehyde. Results also demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde treatment increased NO production, intracellular bacterial clearance, and migration of RAW264.7 macrophages in presence of both biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis. Overall these results suggest that cinnamaldehyde has the ability to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and modulate host innate immune response for better clearance of bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Sennammal Akshaya
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Premraj
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India
| | - Christian Iswarya
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India
| | - Suganthi Muthusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Biological Science College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Vaishnavi Gunasekaran
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Venugopal Senthil Kumar
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, DOTE Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilkumar Palanisamy
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
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15
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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Allelopathic Compounds Identified in Medicago sativa L. Seedling Exudate against Escherichia coli. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062645. [PMID: 36985619 PMCID: PMC10056293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the allelopathic properties of Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) seedling exudates on the germination of seeds of various species were investigated. The compounds responsible for the allelopathic effects of alfalfa were identified and characterized by employing liquid chromatography ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry. Crude exudates inhibited the germination of seeds of all various plant species tested. Overall, nine compounds in alfalfa were identified and quantified. The most predominant compounds were a hyperoside representing a flavonoid glucoside, the non-proteinogenic amino acid canavanine, and two dipeptides, identified as H-Glu-Tyr-OH and H-Phe-Glu-OH. The latter corresponds to the first finding that dipeptides are exuded from alfalfa seedlings. In addition, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of alfalfa exudate and its identified compounds were elucidated. Both hyperoside and canavanine revealed the best antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values that ranged from 8 to 32 and 32 to 256 µg/mL, respectively. Regarding the antibiofilm action, hyperoside and canavanine caused a decline in the percentage of E. coli isolates that possessed a strong and moderate biofilm-forming potential from 68.42% to 21.05% and 31.58%, respectively. Studies on their inhibiting effects exhibit that these major substances are predominantly responsible for the allelopathic and antimicrobial effects of the crude exudates.
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16
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Neuroprotective Potential of Biflavone Ginkgetin: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020562. [PMID: 36836918 PMCID: PMC9964866 DOI: 10.3390/life13020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are becoming more common, and there is an intense search for molecules that can help treat them. Several natural components, especially those from the flavonoid group, have shown promising results. Ginkgetin is the first known biflavonoid, a flavonoid dimer isolated from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.). Later, its occurrence was discovered in more than 20 different plant species, most of which are known for their use in traditional medicine. Herein we have summarized the data on the neuroprotective potential of ginkgetin. There is evidence of protection against neuronal damage caused by ischemic strokes, neurotumors, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Beneficial effects in ischemic strokes have been demonstrated in animal studies in which injection of ginkgetin before or after onset of the stoke showed protection from neuronal damage. AD protection has been the most studied to date. Possible mechanisms include inhibition of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of β-secretase, inhibition of Aβ fibril formation, amelioration of inflammation, and antimicrobial activity. Ginkgetin has also shown positive effects on the relief of PD symptoms in animal studies. Most of the available data are from in vitro or in vivo animal studies, where ginkgetin showed promising results, and further clinical studies should be conducted.
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17
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Tao S, Zhou D, Chen H, Li N, Zheng L, Fang Y, Xu Y, Jiang Q, Liang W. Analysis of genetic structure and function of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats loci in 110 Enterococcus strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177841. [PMID: 37168121 PMCID: PMC10165109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) are an adaptive immune system involved in specific defenses against the invasion of foreign mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and phages. This study aims to analyze the gene structure and to explore the function of the CRISPR system in the Enterococcus genome, especially with regard to drug resistance. The whole genome information of 110 enterococci was downloaded from the NCBI database to analyze the distribution and the structure of the CRISPR-Cas system including the Cas gene, repeat sequences, and spacer sequence of the CRISPR-Cas system by bioinformatics methods, and to find drug resistance-related genes and analyze the relationship between them and the CRISPR-Cas system. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of enterococci was performed against the reference MLST database. Information on the drug resistance of Enterococcus was retrieved from the CARD database, and its relationship to the presence or absence of CRISPR was statistically analyzed. Among the 110 Enterococcus strains, 39 strains (35.45%) contained a complete CRISPR-Cas system, 87 CRISPR arrays were identified, and 62 strains contained Cas gene clusters. The CRISPR system in the Enterococcus genome was mainly type II-A (59.68%), followed by type II-C (33.87%). The phylogenetic analysis of the cas1 gene sequence was basically consistent with the typing of the CRISPR-Cas system. Of the 74 strains included in the study for MLST typing, only 19 (25.68%) were related to CRISPR-Cas typing, while the majority of the strains (74.32%) of MLST typing were associated with the untyped CRISPR system. Additionally, the CRISPR-Cas system may only be related to the carrying rate of some drug-resistant genes and the drug-resistant phenotype. In conclusion, the distribution of the enterococcus CRISPR-Cas system varies greatly among different species and the presence of CRISPR loci reduces the horizontal transfer of some drug resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuan Tao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Li
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yewei Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yao Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Jiang,
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Wei Liang,
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18
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Xie Y, Wang L, Yang Y, Zha L, Zhang J, Rong K, Tang W, Zhang J. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of diarylureas against Enterococcus faecium by suppressing the gene expression of peptidoglycan hydrolases and adherence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1071255. [PMID: 36590419 PMCID: PMC9797508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a clinical multidrug-resistant pathogen causing life-threatening infection, which makes it important to discover antibacterial agents with novel scaffolds and unique mechanism. In this study, the diarylurea scaffold was found to have potent antibacterial effect on E. faecium. Diarylurea ZJ-2 with benign drug-like property exhibited potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity through inhibiting the genes expression of NlpC/p60 hydrolase-secreted antigen A (sagA) and autolysins (atlA), down-regulating the expression of biofilm adherence related genes aggregation substance (agg), enterococcal surface protein (esp) against E. faecium. Moreover, ZJ-2 can be docked into SagA to inhibit daughter cell separation. In a mouse model of abdominal infection, ZJ-2 decreased the bacterial load and the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in a time-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicated that diarylurea ZJ-2 has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent to treat drug-resistant enterococci and biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xie
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Liang Zha
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Kuanrong Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Wenjian Tang,
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China,Jing Zhang,
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Abdel Bar FM, Alossaimi MA, Elekhnawy E, Alzeer MAA, Abo Kamer A, Moglad E, ElNaggar MH. Anti-Quorum Sensing and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Pelargonium × hortorum Root Extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Combinatorial Effect of Catechin and Gallic Acid. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227841. [PMID: 36431942 PMCID: PMC9695561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HPLC-UV was used to compare the major constituents of two Pelargonium × hortorum cultivars and Pelargonium sidoides root extract. It revealed the presence of catechin and gallic acid in high concentrations and the absence of umckalin in P. × hortorum root extracts. The antibacterial activity of these extracts was screened against 19 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. P. × hortorum root extracts showed the lowest MIC values (512-1024 µg/mL). This activity was concluded to be attributable to the high concentrations of catechin and gallic acid. The anti-biofilm activity of catechin, gallic acid, and their combination was examined by a crystal violet assay. The combination reduced the percentage of strong and moderate biofilm-forming isolates from 52.63% to 5.26%. The impact on lasI and lasR genes expression using qRT-PCR and simultaneous docking against LasR protein was explored. The combination downregulated lasI and lasR gene expression in eight and six P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively, and showed the greatest docking score. Additionally, the in vivo protection capability of this combination in infected mice showed enhancement in the survival rate. Our study revealed the potential biofilm and quorum-sensing-inhibitory activity of the catechin and gallic acid combination as a novel alternative to inhibit bacterial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M. Abdel Bar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-54540-3617
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Abo Kamer
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai H. ElNaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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20
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Alherz FA, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Haggag EM, Alqahtani MJ, Hussein IA. Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Encephalartos laurentianus De Wild Leaf Extract Have Inhibitory Activity against Candida albicans Clinical Isolates. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101005. [PMID: 36294570 PMCID: PMC9604723 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major human opportunistic pathogen causing infections, which range from cutaneous to invasive systemic infections. Herein, the antifungal and anti-biofilm potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) green synthesized in the presence of Encephalartos laurentianus leaf extract (ELLE) were investigated. The bioactive chemicals of ELLE, including phenolics, flavonoids, and glycosides were identified and quantified for the first time. AgNPs showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against C. albicans clinical isolates ranging from 8 to 256 µg/mL. In addition, AgNPs significantly decreased biofilm formation. The impact of AgNPs on the expression of the genes encoding biofilm formation was assessed using qRT-PCR. AgNPs had a beneficial role in the macroscopic wound healing, and they resulted in complete epithelization without any granulation tissue or inflammation. Treatment with AgNPs resulted in negative immunostaining of tumor necrosis factor-α. The levels of the inflammation markers, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the AgNPs-treated group. There was also a pronounced increase in the gene expression of fibronectin and platelet-derived growth factor in the wound tissues. Thus, AgNPs synthesized using ELLE may be a promising antifungal and wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A. Alherz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Haggag
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (Kasr Al Aini hospitals), Cairo University, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Moneerah J. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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