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Qureshi KA, Parvez A, Uzzaman Khan MM, Aspatwar A, Atiya A, Elhassan GO, Khan RA, Erattil Ahammed SY, Khan WU, Jaremko M. Exploring nature's hidden treasure: Unraveling the untapped phytochemical and pharmacological potentials of Clinopodium vulgare L. - A hidden gem in the Lamiaceae family. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24781. [PMID: 38312627 PMCID: PMC10834805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Folk medicine, rooted in historical practice, has long been used for medicinal purposes, emphasizing the need to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of herbal medicines. This imperative has grown over time, prompting collaborative efforts to document historical records and preserve invaluable knowledge of medicinal plants. The Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family, renowned for its rich assortment of medicinal plants characterized by high concentrations of volatile oils, stands out in this regard. This review focuses on Clinopodium vulgare (C. vulgare) L., commonly known as wild basil or basil thyme, a significant species within the Lamiaceae family found across diverse global regions. C. vulgare boasts a storied history of application in treating various ailments, such as gastric ulcers, diabetes, and inflammation, dating back to ancient times. Rigorous research has substantiated its pharmacological properties, revealing its antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive, and enzyme-inhibitory effects. This comprehensive review provides an insightful overview of the Lamiaceae family, elucidates the extraction methods employed to obtain medicinal compounds, explores the phytoconstituents present in C. vulgare, and systematically details its diverse pharmacological properties. Additionally, the review delves into considerations of toxicity. By synthesizing this wealth of information, this study opens avenues for the potential therapeutic applications of C. vulgare. The practical value of this research lies in its contribution to the understanding of medicinal plants, mainly focusing on the pharmacological potential of C. vulgare. This exploration enriches our knowledge of traditional medicine and paves the way for innovative therapeutic approaches, offering promising prospects for future drug development. As the demand for natural remedies continues to increase, this work provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders in herbal medicine and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Adil Parvez
- NextGen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 110092, India
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Osman Elhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakkeela Yusuf Erattil Ahammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasi Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Vijayakumar S, Kumar LL, Borkotoky S, Murali A. The Application of MD Simulation to Lead Identification, Vaccine Design, and Structural Studies in Combat against Leishmaniasis - A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1089-1111. [PMID: 37680156 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230901105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery, vaccine design, and protein interaction studies are rapidly moving toward the routine use of molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and related methods. As a result of MDS, it is possible to gain insights into the dynamics and function of identified drug targets, antibody-antigen interactions, potential vaccine candidates, intrinsically disordered proteins, and essential proteins. The MDS appears to be used in all possible ways in combating diseases such as cancer, however, it has not been well documented as to how effectively it is applied to infectious diseases such as Leishmaniasis. As a result, this review aims to survey the application of MDS in combating leishmaniasis. We have systematically collected articles that illustrate the implementation of MDS in drug discovery, vaccine development, and structural studies related to Leishmaniasis. Of all the articles reviewed, we identified that only a limited number of studies focused on the development of vaccines against Leishmaniasis through MDS. Also, the PCA and FEL studies were not carried out in most of the studies. These two were globally accepted utilities to understand the conformational changes and hence it is recommended that this analysis should be taken up in similar approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subhomoi Borkotoky
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayaluru Murali
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Baldassarri C, Spinozzi E, Ferrati M, Rossi P, Maggi F, Petrelli R. Editorial for the Special Issue "Antiprotozoal Activity of Natural Products". Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1650. [PMID: 38136684 PMCID: PMC10741136 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a diverse group of infectious diseases, represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the world's low-income populations [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Baldassarri
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Paolo Rossi
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.S.); (M.F.)
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Mirzaei M, Sharifi I, Mohammad-Rafi F, Anjomshoa M, Abiri A, Moqaddari AH, Nooshadokht M, Raiesi O, Amirheidari B. Antileishmanial effects and drugability characteristics of a heterocyclic copper complex: An in silico, in vitro and molecular study. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112245. [PMID: 37167732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan Leishmania presents a severe illness, principally in tropical and subtropical areas. Antileishmanial metal complexes, like Glucantime®️ with proven activity, are routinely studied to probe their potency. We investigated the effects of a Cu (II) homoleptic complex coordinated by two dimethyl-bipyridine ligands against Leishmania major stages in silico and in vitro. The affinity of this heterocyclic Cu (II) complex (CuDMBP) towards a parasitic metacaspase was studied by molecular docking. Key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the complex were predicted using three web-based tools. CuDMBP was tested for in vitro antileishmanial activities using MTT assay, model murine macrophages, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Molecular docking confirmed the tendency between the target macromolecule and the complex. ADMET evaluations highlighted CuDMBP's key pharmacological features, including P-glycoprotein-associated GI absorption and lack of trans-BBB permeability. MTT showed significant inhibitory effects against promastigotes. CuDMBP significantly increased the level of cellular IL-12 expression (p < 0.05), while the upregulation observed in the expression of iNOS was considered not significant (p > 0.05). It decreased the expression of IL-10 significantly (p < 0.05). Findings demonstrated that CuDMBP deserves to be introduced as a leishmanicidal candidate provided further studies are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirzaei
- Pathobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farrokh Mohammad-Rafi
- Pathobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzieh Anjomshoa
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Hossain Moqaddari
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nooshadokht
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Omid Raiesi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Gautam S, Qureshi KA, Jameel Pasha SB, Dhanasekaran S, Aspatwar A, Parkkila S, Alanazi S, Atiya A, Khan MMU, Venugopal D. Medicinal Plants as Therapeutic Alternatives to Combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030541. [PMID: 36978408 PMCID: PMC10044459 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and a significant health concern worldwide. The main threat to the elimination of TB is the development of resistance by MTB to the currently used antibiotics and more extended treatment methods, which is a massive burden on the health care system. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify new, effective therapeutic strategies with fewer adverse effects. The traditional medicines found in South Asia and Africa have a reservoir of medicinal plants and plant-based compounds that are considered another reliable option for human beings to treat various diseases. Abundant research is available for the biotherapeutic potential of naturally occurring compounds in various diseases but has been lagging in the area of TB. Plant-based compounds, or phytoproducts, are being investigated as potential anti-mycobacterial agents by reducing bacterial burden or modulating the immune system, thereby minimizing adverse effects. The efficacy of these phytochemicals has been evaluated through drug delivery using nanoformulations. This review aims to emphasize the value of anti-TB compounds derived from plants and provide a summary of current research on phytochemicals with potential anti-mycobacterial activity against MTB. This article aims to inform readers about the numerous potential herbal treatment options available for combatting TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvi Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Kamal A. Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (K.A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | | | - Sugapriya Dhanasekaran
- Department of Molecular Analytics, Institute of Bioinformatics, SSE-SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Samyah Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Divya Venugopal
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, India
- Correspondence: (K.A.Q.); (D.V.)
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