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Khattak M, Khan TA, Nazish M, Ishaq MS, Hameed H, Kamal A, Elshikh MS, Al Farraj DA, Anees M. Exploration of reducing and stabilizing phytoconstituents in Arisaema dracontium extract for the effective synthesis of Silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial and toxicological proprties. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106711. [PMID: 38788810 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been widely used for their antimicrobial properties against various microorganisms. Arisaema dracontium a familiar medicinal plant, was analyzed and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using extracts of different parts of its shoot including leaves and stem. Further, the antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts such as ethyl acetate, n-hexane, ethanol, methanol, and chloroform extracts were analyzed. AgNPs were prepared using aqueous silver nitrate solution and assessed their antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Non-multidrug-resistant bacteria. The characterization of AgNPs was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTI), and X-ray Diffraction approaches. The leaf extract contained Tannins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, and Steroids while Alkaloids, Saponins, and Glycosides were undetected. The stem extract contained Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins, Steroids, and Glycosides while Terpenoids were not observed. The AgNPs synthesized from stem and leaf extracts in the current study had spherical shapes and ranged in size from 1 to 50 nm and 20-500 nm respectively as were visible in TEM. The leaf extract-prepared AgNPs showed significantly higher activities i.e., 27.75 mm ± 0.86 against the MDR strains as compared to the stem-derived nanoparticles i.e., 24.33 ± 0.33 by comparing the zones of inhibitions which can be attributed to the differences in their phytochemical constituents. The acute toxicity assay confirmed that no mortality was noticed when the dosage was 100 mg per kg which confirms that the confirms that the AgNPs are not toxic when used in low quantities. It is concluded that leaf extract from A. dracontium could be used against pathogenic bacteria offering economic and health benefits compared to the chemical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrukh Khattak
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Taj Ali Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Moona Nazish
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib Ishaq
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Hameed
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Anees
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
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Manganyi MC, Dikobe TB, Maseme MR. Exploring the Potential of Endophytic Microorganisms and Nanoparticles for Enhanced Water Remediation. Molecules 2024; 29:2858. [PMID: 38930923 PMCID: PMC11206248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms contribute significantly to water bioremediation by enhancing pollutant degradation and supporting aquatic plant health and resilience by releasing bioactive compounds and enzymes. These microorganisms inhabit plant tissues without causing disease or any noticeable symptoms. Endophytes effectively aid in eliminating contaminants from water systems. Nanoparticles serve as potent enhancers in bioremediation processes, augmenting the efficiency of pollutant degradation by increasing surface area and bioavailability, thereby improving the efficacy and rate of remediation. Their controlled nutrient release and ability to stabilize endophytic colonization further contribute to the enhanced and sustainable elimination of contaminated environments. The synergistic effect of endophytes and nanoparticles in water remediation has been widely explored in recent studies, revealing compelling outcomes. Water pollution poses significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and economies; hence, the sixth global goal of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 of the United Nations aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water resources, recognizing their crucial importance for current and future generations. Conventional methods for addressing water pollution exhibit several limitations, including high costs, energy-intensive processes, the production of hazardous by-products, and insufficient effectiveness in mitigating emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and microplastics. Noticeably, there is an inability to effectively remove various types of pollutants, thus resulting in incomplete purification cycles. Nanoparticle-enhanced water bioremediation offers an innovative, eco-friendly alternative for degrading contaminants. A growing body of research has shown that integrating endophytic microorganisms with nanoparticles for water bioremediation is a potent and viable alternative. This review examines the potential of using endophytic microorganisms and nanoparticles to enhance water remediation, exploring their combined effects and applications in water purification. The paper also provides an overview of synthetic methods for producing endophyte-nanoparticle composites to optimize their remediation capabilities in aqueous environments. The final section of the review highlights the constraints related to integrating endophytes with nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madira Coutlyne Manganyi
- Department of Biological and Environmental sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 139, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Tshegofatso Bridget Dikobe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Department of Botany, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mametsi Rahab Maseme
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag XI, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
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Khattak SU, Iqbal Z, Ahmad J, Shi Y, Rehman IU. Purification of andibenin and a chromanone analogue from rhizospheric Aspergillus flavus and soil-borne Penicillium notatum exhibiting cytotoxic and antibacterial properties. Mycologia 2024; 116:355-369. [PMID: 38573188 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2324620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of bioactive compounds from fungal natural sources holds immense potential for the development of novel therapeutics. The present study investigates the extracts of soil-borne Penicillium notatum and rhizosphere-inhabiting Aspergillus flavus for their antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic potential. Additionally, two compounds were purified using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. flavus exhibited prominent cytotoxic activity against Artemia salina, whereas the ethyl acetate fraction of P. notatum displayed promising antibacterial potential. At dose concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 µg mL-1, the ethyl acetate fraction of A. flavus showed mortality percentages of 7.6%, 66.4%, and 90%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. notatum extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity, forming inhibition zones measuring 41, 38, 34, 34, and 30 mm against B. subtilis, S. flexneri, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, respectively, at 1000 µg mL-1. At this concentration, inhibition zones of 28, 27, and 15 mm were recorded for P. vulgaris, S. typhi, and X. oryzae. Using bioassay-guided approach, one compound each was purified from the fungal extracts. The initial purification involved mass spectroscopic analysis, followed by structural elucidation using 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compound 1, derived from A. flavus, was identified as ethyl 2-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate, with a mass of 212, whereas compound 2, isolated from P. notatum, was identified as 3-amino-2-(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylamino)-8-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one, with an exact mass of 270. Based on bioassay results, compound 1 was subjected to brine shrimp lethality assay and compound 2 was tested for its antibacterial potential. Compound 1 exhibited 30% lethality against brine shrimp larvae at a concentration of 100 µg mL-1, whereas at 1000 µg mL-1 the mortality increased to 70%. Compound 2 displayed notable antibacterial potential, forming inhibition zones of 30, 24, 19, and 12 mm against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. flexneri, respectively. In comparison, the standard antibiotic tetracycline produced inhibition zones of 18, 18, 15, and 10 mm against the respective bacterial strains at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah Khattak
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, University Road, Rahat Abad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, University Road, Rahat Abad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 2VW8+9FQ, Donggang W Road, Cheng Guan Qu, Lan Zhou Shi, Gan Su Sheng 730000, China
| | - Irshad Ur Rehman
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, University Road, Rahat Abad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
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Mohammad Amooie A, Zarrinpour V, Sadat Shandiz SA, Salehzadeh A. Apoptosis Induction by ZnFe 2O 4-Ag Biosynthesized by Chlorella vulgaris in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2022-2035. [PMID: 37642811 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of breast cancer are growing which indicates the inefficiency of the current chemotherapy drugs. Due to the anticancer potential of Zn and Ag and the magnetic feature of iron oxide, in this work, we synthesized ZnFe2O4-Ag nanocomposite using Chlorella vulgaris and investigated its anticancer effect on breast cancer cell line. Physicochemical characterization was performed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, VSM, EDS mapping, UV, and zeta potential assays. Cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis frequency were studied by the MTT and flow cytometry assays. Also, cell cycle analysis, Hoechst staining, and measuring ROS (reactive oxygen species) level were performed. The synthesized particles were almost spherical with a size range of 14-52 nm. The FT-IR and XRD assays confirmed the proper synthesis of the particles and VSM analysis showed that particles had magnetic property and the maximum saturation magnetization was 0.8 Emu/g. Also, the EDS mapping of the nanocomposite showed the Zn, Fe, O, and Ag elements. The MTT assay showed that the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ZnFe2O4-Ag for breast cancer and normal cells were 28 and 154 µg/mL, respectively, and the nanocomposite had stronger anticancer activity than cisplatin (IC50 = 84 µg/mL). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the exposure to the nanocomposite induced cell apoptosis by 77.5% and significantly induced ROS generation. Also, treating breast cancer cells with the nanocomposite induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic features, including chromatin condensation and fragmentation. In conclusion, ZnFe2O4-Ag nanocomposite synthesized by C. vulgaris could suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells by the generation of oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vajiheh Zarrinpour
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
| | | | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
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Ongtanasup T, Kamdenlek P, Manaspon C, Eawsakul K. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Zingiber officinale extract: antioxidant potential, biocompatibility, anti-LOX properties, and in silico analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38350963 PMCID: PMC10863109 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zingiber officinale extract has emerged as a compelling candidate for green synthesis of nanoparticles, offering diverse applications across medicine, cosmetics, and nutrition. This study delves into the investigation of in vitro toxicity and explores the biomedical utility of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from ginger extract (GE-AgNPs). METHODS We employed established protocols to evaluate in vitro aspects such as antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory potential, and biocompatibility of GE-AgNPs. Additionally, molecular docking was employed to assess their anti-lipoxygenase (anti-LOX) activity. RESULTS Our findings highlight that the extraction of ginger extract at a pH of 6, utilizing a cosolvent blend of ethanol and ethyl acetate in a 1:1 ratio, yields heightened antioxidant capacity attributed to its rich phenolic and flavonoid content. In the context of silver nanoparticle synthesis, pH 6 extraction yields the highest quantity of nanoparticles, characterized by an average size of 32.64 ± 1.65 nm. Of particular significance, GE-AgNPs (at pH 6) demonstrated remarkable efficacy in scavenging free radicals, as evidenced by an IC50 value of 6.83 ± 0.47 µg/mL. The results from the anti-LOX experiment indicate that GE-AgNPs, at a concentration of 10 µg/mL, can inhibit LOX activity by 25%, outperforming ginger extract which inhibits LOX by 17-18%. Notably, clionasterol exhibited higher binding energy and enhanced stability (-8.9 kcal/mol) compared to nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Furthermore, a cell viability study confirmed the safety of GE-AgNPs at a concentration of 17.52 ± 7.00 µg/mL against the L929 cell line. CONCLUSION These comprehensive findings underscore the significant biomedical advantages of GE-AgNPs and emphasize their potential incorporation into cosmetic products at a maximum concentration of 10 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassanee Ongtanasup
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Patipat Kamdenlek
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chawan Manaspon
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Komgrit Eawsakul
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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Shaaban MT, Mohamed BS, Zayed M, El-Sabbagh SM. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activity of silver-nanoparticles synthesized from the cell-filtrate of Streptomyces enissocaesilis. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:8. [PMID: 38321442 PMCID: PMC10848522 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have a unique mode of action as antibacterial agents in addition to their anticancer and antioxidant properties. In this study, microbial nanotechnology is employed to synthesize Ag-NPs using the cell filtrate of Streptomyces enissocaesilis BS1. The synthesized Ag-NPs are confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the effects of different factors on Ag-NPs synthesis were evaluated to set the optimum synthesis conditions. Also, the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activity of Ag-NPs was assessed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the sample and validated that the crystal structure under consideration is a face-centered cubic (FCC) pattern. The TEM examination displayed the spherical particles of the Ag-NPs and their average size, which is 32.2 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed significant changes in functionality after silver nanoparticle dispersion, which could be attributed to the potency of the cell filtrate of Streptomyces enissocaesilis BS1 to act as both a reducing agent and a capping agent. The bioactivity tests showed that our synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against different pathogenic strains. Also, when the preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella typhi ATCC 12023, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6598 were exposed to Ag NPs 50 mg/ml for 24 hours, the biofilm biomass was reduced by 10.7, 34.6, 34.75, and 39.08%, respectively. Furthermore, the Ag-NPs showed in vitro cancer-specific sensitivity against human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and colon cancer cell line Caco-2, and the IC50 was 0.160 mg/mL and 0.156 mg/mL, respectively. The results of this study prove the ease and efficiency of the synthesis of Ag-NPs using actinomycetes and demonstrate the significant potential of these Ag-NPs as anticancer and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Shaaban
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Briksam S Mohamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Zayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Sabha M El-Sabbagh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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El-Sayed AIM, El-Sheekh MM, Abo-Neima SE. Mycosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Penicillium tardochrysogenum as a therapeutic agent and their combination with infrared irradiation against Ehrlich carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2547. [PMID: 38291218 PMCID: PMC10827740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, the assessment of myco-fabricated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) properties, is still in its infancy. Herein, we have highly stable myco-synthesized SeNPs using molecularly identified soil-isolated fungus; Penicillium tardochrysogenum OR059437; (PeSeNPs) were clarified via TEM, EDX, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR and zeta potential. The therapeutic efficacy profile will be determined, these crystalline PeSeNPs were examined for antioxidant, antimicrobial, MIC, and anticancer potentials, indicating that, PeSeNPs have antioxidant activity of (IC50, 109.11 μg/mL) using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Also, PeSeNPs possess antimicrobial potential against Penicillium italicum RCMB 001,018 (1) IMI 193,019, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 4330 and Porphyromonas gingivalis RCMB 022,001 (1) EMCC 1699; with I.Z. diameters and MIC; 16 ± 0.5 mm and MIC 500 µg/ml, 11.9 ± 0.6 mm, 500 µg/ml and 15.9±0.6 mm, 1000 µg/ml, respectively. Additionally, TEM micrographs were taken for P. italicum treated with PeSeNPs, demonstrating the destruction of hyphal membrane and internal organelles integrity, pores formation, and cell death. PeSeNP alone in vivo and combined with a near-infrared physiotherapy lamp with an energy intensity of 140 mW/cm2 showed a strong therapeutic effect against cancer cells. Thus, PeSeNPs represent anticancer agents and a suitable photothermal option for treating different kinds of cancer cells with lower toxicity and higher efficiency than normal cells. The combination therapy showed a very large and significant reduction in tumor volume, the tumor cells showed large necrosis, shrank, and disappeared. There was also improvement in liver ultrastructure, liver enzymes, and histology, as well as renal function, urea, and creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer I M El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Sahar E Abo-Neima
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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Polli AD, Oliveira Junior VAD, Ribeiro MADS, Polonio JC, Rosini B, Oliveira JADS, Bini RD, Golias HC, Fávaro-Polonio CZ, Orlandelli RC, Vicentini VEP, Cotica LF, Peralta RM, Pamphile JA, Azevedo JL. Synthesis, characterization, and reusability of novel nanobiocomposite of endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3O 4) with dye bioremediation potential. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139956. [PMID: 37640209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The incorrect disposal of textile dyes, such as Reactive Black 5 (RB5), causes several problems for living beings and the quality of the environment. Nanobiocomposites (NBC) produced from endophytic fungi (potentially remediation dyes-agents) and magnetic nanoparticles have high biotechnological potential due to their superparamagnetic behavior, which would allow their recovery through the magnetic field after the bioremediation process. This work aimed to obtain a new nanobiocomposite from the interaction of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with the endophyte Aspergillus flavus (Af-CL-7) to evaluate its bioremediation capacity and to reduce the toxicity of RB5 and its reuse. Before obtaining the NBC, Af-CL-7 showed discoloration of RB5 and it was tolerant to all tested concentrations of this dye. The discovery of the nanobiocomposite textile dye bioremediator product presents a significant environmental advantage by addressing the issue of water pollution caused by textile dyes. The NBC called Af-Fe3O4 was successfully obtained with the magnetized endophyte, and their magnetic properties were verified by VSM analysis and by action of magnetic fields generated by Nd-Fe-B magnets SEM analyzes showed that the nanoparticles did not cause any damage to the hypha morphology, and TEM analyzes confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in the fungus wall and also inside the cell. The NBC Af-Fe3O4 and Af-CL-7 showed, respectively, 96.1% and 92.2% of RB5 discoloration in the first use, 91.1% e 86.2% of discoloration in the validation test, and 89.0% in NBC reuse. In the toxicological bioassay with Lactuca sativa seeds, NBC showed a positive reduction in the toxicity of RB5 after treatment, allowing the hypocotyl growth to be statistically similar to the control with water. Thus, we highlight the promising obtaining process of NBC that could be applied in bioremediation of contaminated waters, wherein the industrial economic cost will depend on the fermentation efficiency, biomass production and nanoparticle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Domingos Polli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Verci Alves de Oliveira Junior
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alessandro Dos Santos Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Polonio
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Rosini
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Arthur Dos Santos Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Halison Correia Golias
- Academic Department of Humanities, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Apucarana, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cintia Zani Fávaro-Polonio
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ravely Casarotti Orlandelli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Alencar Pamphile
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Lúcio Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shah SH, Shan X, Baig S, Zhao H, Ismail B, Shahzadi I, Majeed Z, Nawazish S, Siddique M, Baig A. First identification of potato tuber rot caused by Penicillium solitum, its silver nanoparticles synthesis, characterization and use against harmful pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1255480. [PMID: 37929179 PMCID: PMC10620797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1255480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Potato is one of the highly consumed vegetable crop grown in different regions across Pakistan that is affected by fungal diseases. The current research was conducted to identify fungal pathogen causing mold-like disease of potato in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. For molecular identification and characterization of the fungal disease; potato tuber samples were collected followed by culturing on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Based on morphological features, the pathogen was identified as a Penicillium species. This result was obtained in 45 different isolates from potato tubers. Molecular identification was done using β-tubulin primers and ITS5 sequencing of 13 different isolates that releveled 98% homology with BLAST (GenBank accession no. KX958076) as Penicillium solitum (GenBank accession nos. ON307317; ON307475 and ON310801). Phylogenetic tree was constructed that showed Penicillium solitum prevalence along with Penicillium polonicum and Penicillium citrinum on potato tubers. Based on this, Penicillium solitum based silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM). UV-analysis showed a characteristic peak at 410 nm confirming synthesis of Penicillium solitum based Ag NPs. This was further confirmed by XRD followed by EDX and SEM that showed face cubic crystal structure with Ag as major constituent of 18 nm formed spherical Ag NPs. FTIR showed band stretching of O-H, N-O and C-H of biological origin. Similarly, Penicillium solitum based Ag NPs presented strong anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity at 0.5 level of significance LSD. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of Penicillium solitum identification in Pakistan, its Ag NPs synthesis and characterization to be used against pathogens of agricultural significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haseeb Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoliang Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sofia Baig
- Independent Researcher, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bushra Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamyla Nawazish
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Basavarajappa DS, Niazi SK, Bepari A, Assiri RA, Hussain SA, Muzaheed, Nayaka S, Hiremath H, Rudrappa M, Chakraborty B, Hugar A. Efficacy of Penicillium limosum Strain AK-7 Derived Bioactive Metabolites on Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity against Human Ovarian Teratocarcinoma (PA-1) Cell Line. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2480. [PMID: 37894138 PMCID: PMC10609037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural metabolites from beneficial fungi were recognized for their potential to inhibit multidrug-resistant human and plant fungal pathogens. The present study describes the isolation, metabolite profiling, antibacterial, and antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of soil fungi. Among the 17 isolates, the AK-7 isolate was selected based on the primary screening. Further, the identification of isolate AK-7 was performed by 18S rRNA sequencing and identified as Penicillium limosum (with 99.90% similarity). Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract of the Penicillium limosum strain AK-7 (AK-7 extract) was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, and the results showed different functional groups and bioactive metabolites. Consequently, a secondary screening of antibacterial activity by the agar well diffusion method showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. The AK-7 extract exhibited notable antifungal activity by a food poisoning method and showed maximum inhibition of 77.84 ± 1.62%, 56.42 ± 1.27%, and 37.96 ± 1.84% against Cercospora canescens, Fusarium sambucinum and Sclerotium rolfsii phytopathogens. Consequently, the AK-7 extract showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS•+ free radicals with IC50 values of 59.084 μg/mL and 73.36 μg/mL. Further, the anticancer activity of the AK-7 extract against the human ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1) cell line was tested by MTT and Annexin V flow cytometry. The results showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and exhibited apoptosis with an IC50 value of 82.04 μg/mL. The study highlights the potential of the Penicillium limosum strain AK-7 as a source of active metabolites and natural antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer agent, and it could be an excellent alternative for pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaik Kalimulla Niazi
- Department of Preparatory Health Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmatanzeem Bepari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Rasha Assad Assiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Syed Arif Hussain
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Halaswamy Hiremath
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Bidhayak Chakraborty
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Anil Hugar
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
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11
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El-Ansary AE, Omran AAA, Mohamed HI, El-Mahdy OM. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1: characterizations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities and cytogenetic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:100477-100499. [PMID: 37626196 PMCID: PMC10541848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Green biosynthesized nanoparticles have a bright future because they can be produced using a method that is more energy-efficient, cost-effective, repeatable, and environmentally friendly than physical or chemical synthesis. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using the Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1. Several techniques were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. AgNPs showed a distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak in the UV-visible range at 310 nm. The morphology of the biosynthesized AgNPs was spherical, and the TEM image shows that they ranged in size from 27.3 to 53.1 nm. The notable peaks of the FT-IR results show the different groups for the alkane, alkynes, cyclic alkenes, carboxylic, aromatic amine, esters, and phenolics. Additionally, the results showed that AgNPs had superior antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene, which is a powerful antioxidant. Additionally, AgNPs have antibacterial action utilizing agar diffusion against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and antifungal activity. AgNPs' anticancer activity varied depending on the type of cancer it was used to treat, including hepatocellular cancer (HepG2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and breast cancer of the mammary gland (MCF7). The viability of the cancer cell lines was reduced with increasing AgNP concentration. AgNPs also demonstrated promising photocatalytic activity by reducing methylene blue, safranin, crystal violet, and green malachite by 88.3%, 81.5%, 76.4%, and 78.2%, respectively. In addition, AgNPs significantly affected the Allium cepa plant's mitotic index and resulted in chromosomal abnormalities as compared to the control. Thus, the synthesized AgNPs demonstrated an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable method for decolorizing dyes as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. This could be a huge victory in the fight against numerous dynamic diseases and lessen wastewater dye contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer E El-Ansary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A A Omran
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt.
| | - Omima M El-Mahdy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
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12
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Xu J, Zeng Y, Yu C, Xu S, Tang L, Zeng X, Huang Y, Sun Z, Xu B, Yu T. Visualization of the relationship between fungi and cancer from the perspective of bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18592. [PMID: 37529342 PMCID: PMC10388209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and microorganisms has been extensively studied, with bacteria receiving more attention than fungi. However, fungi have been shown to play a significant role in cancer development and progression. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for identifying new avenues in prevention and treatment. To evaluate the current state of research on fungi and cancer, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Using the Web of Science Core Collection database, we searched for English-language articles published between 1998 and 2022. Analyzing the resulting publication data, we identified trends, patterns, and research gaps. Our analysis encompassed co-authorship networks, citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. With 8283 publications identified, averaging 331.32 publications per year, our findings highlight China, the United States, India, Japan, and Germany as the top contributing countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, and University of São Paulo emerged as the most productive institutions. Key themes in the literature included "cancer," "cytotoxicity," "apoptosis," "metabolites," and "fungus." Recent trends indicate increased interest in keywords such as "green synthesis," "molecular docking," "anticancer activity," "antibacterial," "anticancer," and "silver nanoparticles." Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current research landscape in the field of fungi and cancer, offering insights into collaborative networks, research directions, and emerging hotspots. The growing publication rate demonstrates the rising interest in the topic, while identifying leading countries, institutions, and research themes serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and funders interested in supporting investigations on fungi-derived compounds as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Affiliated People Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Yanxiao Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Zhengkui Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Jiangxi Health Committee Key (JHCK) Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
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Rudrappa M, Kumar RS, Basavarajappa DS, Bhat MP, Nagaraja SK, Almansour AI, Perumal K, Nayaka S. Penicillium citrinum NP4 mediated production, extraction, physicochemical characterization of the melanin, and its anticancer, apoptotic, photoprotection properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125547. [PMID: 37356688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The biopolymer melanin is reported for many biological processes to secure biological entities over unfavorable environmental factors. The present study aimed to isolate soil fungi and screen for melanin production. The potent fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum NP4 based on morphological and molecular characterization with accession number OP070954. Using standardized tyrosine broth conditions melanin was produced by NP4 and extracted by acidification. Extracted melanin exhibited maximum UV-Visible absorption at 223 nm; FTIR peaks validate the occurrence of CO, CN, CH, and CC functional groups present in the indole/pyrrole structure. TLC analysis exhibited a prominent single band with a Retardation factor (Rf) of 0.68, Resonance peaks at 6.621, 7.061, and 7.185 ppm exhibited aromatic hydrogen in the indole/pyrole system in 1H NMR. The EDX peaks confirm the presence of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen elements which are the key factors in melanin structure, and TGA reports the thermal stability of the melanin. An In silico molecular docking approach on lung cancer causing proteins EGFR (3g5z), KRAS (6vc8), and TP53 (8 dc4) were conducted to determine the active binding sites of the melanin, and proteins exhibited binding affinity of -8.0 for 3g5z, -9.8 for 6vc8, and - 10.1 kcal/mol for TP53 protein with melanin. Anticancer activity of the melanin showed significant inhibition of A549 cells in dose-dependent mode with significant IC50 of 65.49 μg/mL; apoptotic examination reveals that melanin showed 46.14 % apoptosis for melanin and 46.36 % apoptosis for standard drug (cisplatin). Melanin exhibited good photoprotection capacity at 1 μg/mL. In conclusion, the extracted melanin exhibited significant results on many biological applications and it can be used in the pharmaceutical field to avoid chemical-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India.
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Ghazwani M, Hani U, Alqarni MH, Alam A. Development and Characterization of Methyl-Anthranilate-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles: A Phytocosmetic Sunscreen Gel for UV Protection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051434. [PMID: 37242676 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl anthranilate (MA) is a naturally derived compound commonly used in cosmetic products, such as skin care products, fine perfumes, etc. The goal of this research was to develop a UV-protective sunscreen gel using methyl-anthranilate-loaded silver nanoparticles (MA-AgNPs). The microwave approach was used to develop the MA-AgNPs, which were then optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Particle size (Y1) and absorbance (Y2) were chosen as the response variables, while AgNO3 (X1), methyl anthranilate concentration (X2), and microwave power (X3) were chosen as the independent variables. Additionally, the prepared AgNPs were approximated for investigations on in vitro active ingredient release, dermatokinetics, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The study's findings showed that the optimal MA-loaded AgNPs formulation had a particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and percentage entrapment efficiency (EE) of 200 nm, 0.296 mV, -25.34 mV, and 87.88%, respectively. The image from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. According to an in vitro investigation on active ingredient release, MA-AgNPs and MA suspension released the active ingredient at rates of 81.83% and 41.62%, respectively. The developed MA-AgNPs formulation was converted into a gel by using Carbopol 934 as a gelling agent. The spreadability and extrudability of MA-AgNPs gel were found to be 16.20 and 15.190, respectively, demonstrating that the gel may spread very easily across the skin's surface. The MA-AgNPs formulation demonstrated improved antioxidant activity in comparison to pure MA. The MA-AgNPs sunscreen gel formulation displayed non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour, which is typical of skin-care products, and was found to be stable during the stability studies. The sun protection factor (SPF) value of MA-AgNPG was found to be 35.75. In contrast to the hydroalcoholic Rhodamine B solution (5.0 µm), the CLSM of rat skin treated with the Rhodamine B-loaded AgNPs formulation showed a deeper penetration of 35.0 µm, indicating the AgNPs formulation was able to pass the barrier and reach the skin's deeper layers for more efficient delivery of the active ingredient. This can help with skin conditions where deeper penetration is necessary for efficacy. Overall, the results indicated that the BBD-optimized MA-AgNPs provided some of the most important benefits over conventional MA formulations for the topical delivery of methyl anthranilate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 1882, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 1882, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Niazi SK, Basavarajappa DS, Kumaraswamy SH, Bepari A, Hiremath H, Nagaraja SK, Rudrappa M, Hugar A, Cordero MAW, Nayaka S. GC-MS Based Characterization, Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anti-Oncogenic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Aspergillus niger Strain AK-6 Isolated from Rhizospheric Soil. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3733-3756. [PMID: 37232710 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizospheric soil is the richest niche of different microbes that produce biologically active metabolites. The current study investigated the antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extract of the potent rhizospheric fungus Aspergillus niger AK6 (AK-6). A total of six fungal isolates were isolated, and isolate AK-6 was selected based on primary screening. Further, it exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The morphological and molecular characterization (18S rRNA) confirmed that the isolate AK-6 belonged to Aspergillus niger. Further, AK-6 showed potent antifungal activity with 47.2%, 59.4% and 64.1% of inhibition against Sclerotium rolfsii, Cercospora canescens and Fusarium sambucinum phytopathogens. FT-IR analysis displayed different biological functional groups. Consequently, the GC-MS analysis displayed bioactive compounds, namely, n-didehydrohexacarboxyl-2,4,5-trimethylpiperazine (23.82%), dibutyl phthalate (14.65%), e-5-heptadecanol (8.98%), and 2,4-ditert-butylphenol (8.60%), among the total of 15 compounds isolated. Further, the anticancer activity of AK-6 was exhibited against the MCF-7 cell line of human breast adenocarcinoma with an IC50 value of 102.01 μg/mL. Furthermore, flow cytometry depicted 17.3%, 26.43%, and 3.16% of early and late apoptosis and necrosis in the AK-6 extarct treated MCF-7 cell line, respectively. The results of the present analysis suggest that the isolated Aspergillus niger strain AK-6 extract has the potential to be explored as a promising antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer drug for medical and agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Kalimulla Niazi
- Department of Preparatory Health Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sushma Hatti Kumaraswamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra Medical College (JJMMC), Davanagere 577004, Karnataka, India
| | - Asmatanzeem Bepari
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halaswamy Hiremath
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Muthuraj Rudrappa
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Hugar
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Mary Anne Wong Cordero
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
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