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He Y, Zhu Y, Shui X, Huang Z, Li K, Lei W. Gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles reveal the antiatherosclerotic effect of indole-3-carbinol in high-choline-fed ApoE -/- mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155621. [PMID: 38678950 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolites produced from choline contribute to atherosclerosis (AS) pathogenesis, and the gut microbiota is redundantly essential for this process. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and brussels sprouts, helps prevent hyperlipidemia, maintain the gut microbiota balance, and decrease the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) from choline in the diet. PURPOSE The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of I3C on choline-induced AS and to further elucidate the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS AS models of high-choline-induced ApoE-/- mice and TMAO-promoted foamy macrophages were established to observe the effect of I3C on the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and foam cells and changes in AS-related indicators (including blood biochemical indicators, TMA, TMAO, SRA, and SRB1), and integrated analyses of the microbiome and metabolome were used to reveal the mechanism of action of I3C. RESULTS We found that I3C inhibited high-choline-induced atheroma formation (50-100 mg/kg/d, in vivo) and slightly improved the lipid profile (15 mg/kg/d, in vivo). Moreover, I3C suppressed lipid influx at a concentration of 40 µmol/L in vitro, enhanced the diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, and consequently modified the gut microbial metabolites at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/d in the mice. Associative analyses based on microbiome and metabolomics revealed that 1-methyladenosine was a key modulator of the protective effect of I3C against AS in high-choline-induced ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate for the first time that I3C ameliorates AS progression through remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolomics, which paves the way for the possible therapeutic use of this vegetable-derived natural compound and may reduce the clinical severity of AS-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zufeng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Kongwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
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Navarro-Hortal M, Romero-Márquez JM, López-Bascón MA, Sánchez-González C, Xiao J, Sumalla-Cano S, Battino M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Quiles JL. In Vitro and In Vivo Insights into a Broccoli Byproduct as a Healthy Ingredient for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease and Aging through Redox Biology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5197-5211. [PMID: 38477041 PMCID: PMC10941188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Broccoli has gained popularity as a highly consumed vegetable due to its nutritional and health properties. This study aimed to evaluate the composition profile and the antioxidant capacity of a hydrophilic extract derived from broccoli byproducts, as well as its influence on redox biology, Alzheimer's disease markers, and aging in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The presence of glucosinolate was observed and antioxidant capacity was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity was quantified, and the treatment ameliorated the amyloid-β- and tau-induced proteotoxicity in transgenic strains via SOD-3 and SKN-1, respectively, and HSP-16.2 for both parameters. Furthermore, a preliminary study on aging indicated that the extract effectively reduced reactive oxygen species levels in aged worms and extended their lifespan. Utilizing broccoli byproducts for nutraceutical or functional foods could manage vegetable processing waste, enhancing productivity and sustainability while providing significant health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- María
D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - M. Asunción López-Bascón
- Research
and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Sport
and Health Research Centre, University of
Granada, C/Menéndez
Pelayo 32, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science
and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research
Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department
of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican
International University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research
Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department
of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University
of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International
Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products
Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Research
and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Research
Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Mantzourani C, Mesimeri ID, Kokotou MG. Free Fatty Acid Determination in Broccoli Tissues Using Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:754. [PMID: 38398506 PMCID: PMC10891939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) is a widely consumed vegetable, very popular due to its various nutritional and bioactive components. Since studies on the lipid components of broccoli have been limited so far, the aim of the present work was the study of free fatty acids (FFAs) present in different broccoli parts, aerial and underground. The direct determination of twenty-four FFAs in broccoli tissues (roots, leaves, and florets) was carried out, using a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method in a 10 min single run. Linolenic acid was found to be the most abundant FFA in all different broccoli parts in quantities ranging from 0.76 to 1.46 mg/g, followed by palmitic acid (0.17-0.22 mg/g) and linoleic acid (0.06-0.08 mg/g). To extend our knowledge on broccoli's bioactive components, for the first time, the existence of bioactive oxidized fatty acids, namely hydroxy and oxo fatty acids, was explored in broccoli tissues adopting an HRMS-based lipidomics approach. 16- and 2-hydroxypalmitic acids were detected in all parts of broccoli studied, while ricinoleic acid was detected for the first time as a component of broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Mantzourani
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene-Dimitra Mesimeri
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Kręcisz M, Stępień B, Łyczko J, Kamiński P. The Influence of the Vacuum Impregnation, Beetroot Juice, and Various Drying Methods on Selected Properties of Courgette and Broccoli Snacks. Foods 2023; 12:4294. [PMID: 38231696 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The drying process is used in the food industry to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables without the use of preservatives. As quality, visual, and aroma characteristics are important determinants of consumer interest, they play a key role in the development of new foods. In the present study, vacuum impregnation (VI) was used prior to vacuum drying (VD) and freeze drying (FD) of courgette and broccoli. Organic beet juice was used to produce the novel snacks. The study showed that the use of vacuum impregnation significantly affected the VOCs profile (volatile organic compounds profile), in which the following compounds were found: viz: 2-(E)-hexen-1-ol, 2-(Z)-hexen-1-ol and aceto-phenone. VI caused a decrease in volumetric gel index (VGI), drying shrinkage (S), water activity (AW), decreased color saturation (∆C), and increased dry matter content (DM). All these properties testify to the positive effect of the pretreatment used. The drying methods used had a significant effect on the properties of the dried vegetables. The dries obtained by the FD method showed higher density and water activity, as well as better preserved color (lower ∆E) and higher VOCs, so it is considered that freeze drying is a suitable method for obtaining novel courgette and broccoli snacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kręcisz
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bogdan Stępień
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamiński
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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